*i ..- me ,*/». ; •/- * *«* <&» THE HISTORY OF EVERTON, INCLUDING Hiasettatiotw on tfje •y DESCRIPTIVE DELINEATIONS OF THE SEVERAL & SEPARATE PROPERTIES OF THE TOWNSHIP. WITH MAP, PLATES, AND WOOD-CUTS. BY ROBERT SYERS. " History is the roast beef of literature, on which all minds may feed advantageously; but those who are fond of feasting on literary fricasees, truffles, and trifles, seldom relish a dish so plain ; and yet of all the dishes that intellect feeds on, history is the most nutritious." — Ethic Scraps. LIVERPOOL : PUBLISHED BY G. & J. ROBINSON, CASTLE-STREET, AND D. MARPLES, LORD-STREET. 1830. Printed by D. Marples, Liverpool. TO THE MOST NOBLE THE MARQUIS OF SALISBURY, LORD OF THE MANORS OF EVERTON, &c. &c. &c. THIS WORK IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, BY HIS LORDSHIP'S MOST OBEDIENT, HUMBLE SERVANT AND COPYHOLDER, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. HAVING commenced this work under impres- sions precisely similar to many of those which are expressed in the following passages, I trust I shall he excused recording them in the form of a preface. Historians roam from hook to hook, as hees from flower to flower; the latter in quest. of materials for the construction of the wonder- ful economy of their hives, the former to rifle the stores of literature, and collect such sub- stances and sweets as may properly serve to construct their volumes. From the lips of the ancient and of the oh- servant, the historian also collects the honey of tradition, and prepares it for the palates of his readers. vL PREFACE. But although to dive deep into the sea of retrospection may be the pleasure as well as the duty of the historian, yet he should never fail to swim on the surface of that passing cur- rent which time rolls along ; and as he thus swims, he should he earnestly mindful of the existing state of men, mind, and matter ; mak- ing himself familiar with the complexion and concerns of his compeers, and indeed of his contemporaries of all grades, their operations, propensities, professions, and possessions ; and with such ability as he possesses, depicture and record his observations and discoveries ; for it is only when the historian works with materials found in, and furnished by, his own times, that he is at all likely to produce the grand deside- ratum of history — truth, which alone gives strength, brilliance, and value to historical works. With some force, and much truth, an author has said, " I can, with satisfaction to myself, and with tolerable certainty of being PREFACE. vii. comprehended, describe to my friend and reader the events of the present day ; but matters that have been buried by time for years in the vaults of my memory, I do not easily disentomb, nor are they, when exhumed, any other than mere ghosts, skeletons, or sha- dows of the realities they once were." As to errors, inconsistencies, and omissions, readers must reconcile themselves to meet with them, as is clearly demonstrated by the fol- lowing anecdote : When Sir Walter Raleigh was a prisoner in the tower, he employed him- self in the compilation of a history of the world : it chanced one time, whilst so employed, that a tumult arose under his window ; he could not see the perpetrators of the breach of peace, but, as was natural, made inquiries from many persons of the cause and nature of the broil ; but no two descriptions of the tumult agreed ; every version of it differed : the diffi- culty of procuring an authentic account of a viii. PREFACE. matter that had taken place so recently, and so near, raised, as it well might, such doubts in Sir Walter's mind, as to the truth of the data he had collected of circumstances ancient and remote, that his reflections thereon had nearly caused him to cast aside his work in disgust and despair. Great attention and considerable expense have been bestowed on the compilation of the matter, and the engraving of the map, to repay which would require a much higher price than is demanded for the work ; but it was not an expectation of profit that led to its publication, for, indeed, were every copy to be sold at the declared price, no pecuniary gain worthy of notice would remain. When I issued my prospectus, ambitious men and popularity-hunters saw no tempting bait hooked on my proposals ; I had nothing to offer wherewith to purchase the encourage- ment of those wary and worldly-minded cha- PREFACE. ix. racters, nor to stimulate such personages to part with the required trifling contribution, but a "probable shew of my mite being utile to the public; a liberal few, however, came forward, who deserve and have my thanks. There are, doubtless, many who may deem a history of Everton not of sufficient conse- quence to warrant their patronage and pecu- niary support; but if we glance at futurity, when Everton shall have become an eminent place, and, in a measure, individualized with the great commercial town of Liverpool, then, perhaps, this account of the rise, progress, po- pulation, extent, &c. of the township, will be deemed a serviceable record, and the pecuniary consideration of its cost will lose much of its present characteristic importance with those who may then possess this humble History of Everton. As to criticism — when slighted buttercups and grassy-flowers become worthy of the scien- X. PREFACE. tific florist's attention, then may my work be deemed worthy of the learned critic's notice ; but, in the mean time, it is consolatory to know that humble buttercups, and nutritious grass, are more serviceable in the world's economy, than gaudy tulips and proud pinks. I conclude, with assurances to the reader that I have strenuously endeavoured to travel in the path of truth, and to give as much inte- rest to this treatise as the paucity of materials permitted. CONTENTS. Aborigines . . Ashburnham, Lord (and Lady) of manor .... Ancient state of Everton, pro- bable .... Antiquities . . . Acres, different sized . Amusements . . 126, Archery .... Assemblies .... Ashton, , of Kirkdale . Anabaptists' Cemetery Briganti . . Boadicea . . Barret, John, Lord of manor. Blanch, Lady of manor Breck-silver Building, old mode of Buildings near beacon burnt. Bonfires .... Brokers .... Book-society Breakfast-parties . Barton, Thomas Bronte, villa of Birchall, Mr. ... Bullin, Christopher . Beacon of faggots Bold, Jonas Bennett, Mrs. A Page Page 5 Appleton, William . 246 Adamson, Roger . 247 32 Atherton, James 271, 281 Anderton, family of . 323 36 Accident, melancholy . 328 47 Anecdote, lack of lamps . 369 77 Assessors . 385 134 Assessed taxes, amount . 415 140 Annals of Everton . 416 143 Act of Parliament for church 202 of St. George . 422 232 B - 7 Banks, Miss, anecdote of . 194 7 Beezley, family of . 197 17 Bridge, family of . 209 18 Bruce, Rev. John . - 212 21 Boundaries, new . 234 54 Brooks, Rev. Jonathan . 209, 247 61 Brown, family of . 248 128 Boardman, John . 275 133 Ball, Thomas . . . 276 139 Boardman, R. B. — 147 Beetenson, Samuel . 277 156 Brooks, Joseph . 279 157 Buddicom, Rev. R. P. . 284 173 Byrom, William . 293 174 Batley, George . . 297 176 Barton, Miles . — 177 Blundell, James . . 302 191 Backhouse, Daniel . 306 Xll. CONTENTS. Brandreth, Dr. Bushell, Mrs. Molly Barton, Rev. Henry Bowling-green Beacon . Bridewell Page . 313 . 323 . 332 . 140, 334 56, 350, 353 . 310, 354 Page Barn on the Hill . . 354 Barracks . . . 167, 374 Balloon ascent . . . 379 Boundaries marked 357, 373, 383 Beacon Society . . . 433 Caesar, Everton in the time of 5 Cartismunda ... 7 Caractacus .... 7 Constantine the Great . 8 Castle huilt by Edward the Confessor ... 10 Copyholders of West Derby apply to James I. . .21 Commons of Everton claimed by West Derby -• . . 22 Citizens of London buy West Derby .... 23 Citizens of London buy Ever- ton . . . .27 Citizens of London sell West Derby, Everton, and Waver- tree to Earl of Derby . 28 Court Baron appointed . — Commons, part of, enclosed by the lord .... 29 Copyhold rents settled and fixed . , ] , :!_. . — Cottage, Prince Rupert's . 47 Cottage, Anderson's . . 50 Cross, taken down . . 70 Castle at West Derby . .71 Climate . ... .87 Courts, copyhold . . 101 Court-house, Derby . . — Common, part of, claimed by West Derby . . .114 Customs, &c. of inhabitants. 1 1 6 Concerts Card playing Cobbler's close Campbell, George Corrie, Miss . Case, George Cordes, James Cabbage hall . 141 121, 146 . 156 . 158 . 168 . 178 . 181 183 Chaffers, Edward and Misses 191 Coleman, Misses . . 229 Church, new, in Shaw-street 233 Crescent, Everton brow . 237 Cope, Benjamin . . . 246 Carson, John ... 253 Cropper, John . . . 257 Campbell, Colin . . 275 Centre district . . .291 Clarke, family of . .301 Coffee-house . . . 315 Coleman, John, academy . 336 Cottages, general 52, 178, 352 Constabulary department . 358 Church parish-rate . . 385 Customs of the manor . 386 Copyholds, nature of, &c. . 391 County-rate . . . 415 Church, Act for . . . 422 Church of St. George 282, 381, 425 Churchwardens of parish . 427 Church-ley ... . . — Cemetery . . . 210, 429 Classes of houses . 433 D Danes, incursions of the . 10 Dixon, William Dinner parties . . . 1 47 Davies, John 241 250 CONTENTS. Xlll. Page Page Dobson, Richard 254 Dyson, T. F. ••,"•' . 298 Dickson, G. F. . 293 Deed, ancient 397 Drinkwater, John 294 Directory . . . -.".• > 453 E Estovers, right of 6 Ewart, William . . 166, 220 Edward the Confessor 10 Earle, William . .174, 255 Earls of Derby . .15 , 16 Ellison, Seacome . . 226, 333 Earl Derby, Wra. Geo. Rd. Expenditure, comparative . 349 died 1702 . • . ->;V - 31 Ellinthorpe, Joseph . 307, 359 Etymology .... 39 Election of sub-constable 363 Employments 123 Easter-dues . ',< .... 428 East District ..[••!. 176 F Ferrers, Wm., Earle of Derby 15 Forrest, Alexander 280 Ferrers, Robt., Do. 16 Fry, Joseph . . • . ;i 330 Folly-fair .... 136 Fund to prosecute offenders 371 Formby, Rev. Mr. 188 Fire-works . . 140, 381 Fisher, John . 225 Fifteens of the king . ••.,} 397 G Gaunt, John of, lord of manor 18 Gascoyne, Bamber, Esq. 35, 173 Green, Isaac, Esq. 34 Green, John 178 Geology, &c. 73 Gleave, Doctor . . •r*J11' 208 Gentry .... 133 Gregson, family of 217 Games .... 150 Goring, George . .178, 223 Geese, adventure with a flock Green, Robert and Misses 224 of 159 Greenway, Mr. 248 Gloucester, Prince William 168 Gloucester, Duke of 371 Geller, J. G. — H Heptarchy . . . ' ' ". 9 Holmes, I. & H. 240 Holland, Robert de, lord of Hanmer, Latham . . — manor .... 16 Huson, T. . ..." 245 .Harrison's, William, lecture Harrison, family of . V 248 on botany 64 Horsefall, Charles . 174, 258 Headless cross . . 72, 167 Houghton, Richard 260 Harding, William 178 Holmes, James 273 Hodgson, Adam 181 Hornby, Joseph . . . 281 Heyes, family of 193 Harris, T., academy 288 Hodgson, E. L. 201 Heyworth, Ormerod 290 Halsall, family of 204 Hind, John . .•'?". 292 Hodgson, Thomas 209 Heyworth, James 294 XIV. CONTENTS. Higginson, John 4 Hope, family of . Harper, William . Johnson, John, family of Page 303 304 312 Historical summary Hollow way from Everton Page 339 345 199 Johnson, George K Kirk dale rented right of com- mon -?* r, ., . . 20, 29 Kirkdale cattle-fair . 262 Kirkdale bridewell Knowles, T., academy Kirkdale 172, 251 . 266 . 300 . 348 Liverpool, value of, in 1327 17 Law suit of Everton with ci- tizens of London . . 25 Lord's rent of Everton, 1642 28 Leaseholds how transferred . 115 Lower orders . . . 130 Litt, W. P. . . .166 Lang, John . . . 167 Lord's rent, &c., how now paid . . .113, 171 Lodge, Adam . . .218 Latham, Misses . . .221 Loggerheads . . . 236 Livingstone family . . 243 Leigh, J. S. . . .- . . 265 Ledson, Rt. . . . 274 Lister, Edward . . . 276 Ledward, Edward . . 280 Lorimer, Ellis . . 300, 304 Lowrie, Thomas . . .319 Lyon, John . . . 321, 359 Lighting and watching . 368 Law bill .... 384 Lancashire, value of . . 397 Lease of 115 acres of Everton land . 107, 112, 400, 410 Leys, ancient . . .413 Lands given or sold to and by the township . . . 476 Molyneux, Sir Richard, stew- ard of manor ... 28 Manor, Everton a distinct . 30 Measure, total, of Everton . 76 Mines under copyholds . 104 Manners, customs, &c. . 116 Merchants . . . .132 Manners . . ." . 134 Mere Bank villa . .169 Myers, William . . .170 Mere or watering pool . — Name, Everton's, first regis- tered / . ... 4 Northumbrians . 9 M Mather, John . . .174 Mawdsley, Edmd. . .213 Marsh, Mrs. . . . 244 Mather, J. P. . . . 256 Me Gregor, Alexander 168, 279 Mayors, mock . . . 295 Mercer, George . . .318 Me George, John . . 320 Municipal management . 365 Meetings how convened . 367 Map .... 153,384 N, Noblesof Everton, anecdoteof 118 North District . . .155 North View .* . 164,167 CONTENTS. XV. Page North-east District . 172 Nicholson, William . 205 Necropolis . 210 Oratorio . 142 Oldham family . 177 Oddhouse . 186, 332 Netherfield, Rebecca North-west District Naylor, Richard Okill, Charles Offenders, fund to prosecute Owners of houses, &c. Page 242 261 322 334 371 433 Picts and Scots, invasions of Prince Rupert's head-quarters Pauper's pie, anecdote of Pastimes .... Pilgrim, villa of . Pritchard, Edward (woollen draper, not wine merchant, as stated in context,) Powell, Richard . Pickering, William . . Pyke family Quarry .... Roman conquest Roger de Montgomery Ranulph, Earl of Chester Routes .... Reeves, Thomas . . . Richardson, R. Rowe, family of . Russell, William Roscoe, William Robbers, conflict with Rower Miss Severus .... Saxons .... Stone of Everton Soil of Everton . . . Situation of Everton admirable Sabbath employments . Suppers . . 8 47 67 127 156 167 186 188 190 265 Pyke, John . . .192 Plumpton, James . 198, 232 Potter, family of . . 259 Postoffice . . . .308 Perry, William . . .335 Privy search . . . 357 Pinfold near the mere . 171, 382 Pauperism . . .179, 384 Parish church-rate . . 385 Population . . . 84,415 Q R 5 Ross family 242 12 Robinson, William 249 13 Rose, Joshua (not Joseph) . 253 143 Reservoir, Bootle Water Com- 186 pany .... 268 187 Roach, family of 305 196 Rice, family of 325 208 Rogerson, Edward 330 219 Rupert, Prince 341 230 Rental of Everton 415 239 S 8 Sleeper's-hill 156 9 St. Domingo estate, history of 74 108, 158 75 Sparling, John, Esq. 110, 158, 161 90 Sandbach and Me Gregor . 167 125 Salisbury, Marquis of . 35, 173 144 Sleeper, Great 175 XVI. CONTENTS. Page Page Sleeper, Little . . .176 School, Everton and Kirkdale 267 South-east District . . 184 Signal station . . . 288 South District . . .189 Stubbs, Lewis ... 297 Syers, family of . . . 200 Sharp, Miss, academy . . 297 Strong, John . . .201 Shand, Charles . .312 Slingsby, Mr. ... 203 Smithy, old . . . .317 Shaw, John . . .204 Sandiford, R. . . .320 Statham, family of . . 209 Soldiers, Everton provided two 341 Shaw, Thomas . . 206, 215 Siege of Liverpool . . — South-west District . . — Skeletons, two, found . . 345 Shaw-street ... — Savage, Mr. . . . 347 Seacome family . . . 225 Shaw, William . . 327, 362 Simpson, Joseph . . 242 Sadler, the aeronaut . . 380 Sanderson, H. J. . . 172, 251 Soldier, order for . . 399 T Tenants of Everton apply to the Taylor, John . . . 297 crown to purchase the manor 27 Tattersall, Thomas . . 299 Throstle-nest cottage . . 63 Topping, Mrs. . . . 319 Tristram, Mr. ... 68 Tony, Everton . . .324 Tatlock, family of . .199 Thompson, Alex., constable . 360 Tristram, family of . . 224 Taxatory concerns . . 368 Tarlton, family of . . 255 Tables of finance, &c. . . 404 Tatlock, William . . 269 Tenures . . .94, 433 V Views from Everton . . 2 ton land ... 79 Value, comparative, of Ever- Verses on Everton barracks . 378 W William the Conqueror . 12 Workhouse projected . .171 Wavertree, value of, in 1327 17 West Derby claims Everton West Derby and Wavertree commons . . . 22, 185 compound with James I. 22 Williamson, John . . 202 West Derby sold to citizens Withers, George . . 225 of London ... 23 West District ... 234 West Derby, disputes with, Waterhouse, N., younger . 239 about waste land . . 33 Wright, John ... — Wood not abundant at Everton 81 Wainwright, William . . 247 Will, surrender to use of, not Wiatt, family of . . .251 necessary . . .106 Waterhouse, family of .301 Wakes of West Derby . 138 Witchcraft . . .341 Woodhouse, Samuel . .157 Workhouse, Ormskirk, &c. 349, 351 Whalley, Mr. . . .165 Watching . . . .370 HISTORY OF EVERTON. SECTION I. INTRODUCTION. EVERTON is a Township and Manor, in the parish of Walton-on-the-hill, in the county of Lancaster. The township extends, in length, from north to south, 1^ mile; its greatest hreadth, east and west, is 1 mile and 1 furlong ; it is distant about 1^ mile from the east bank of the Mersey, and about 3 miles from the mouth, or entrance, of that river. On the north, Everton is bounded by the township of Walton, and the village of Kirkdale ; on the east, also, by the lands of Walton ; on the south, by the lands of the township of West Derby, and village of Low-hill ; and, on the west, by the town and lands of the borough and parish of Liverpool. Everton is situated in 53° 22' north latitude, and in 2° 28' west longitude, from the meridian of London ; from which city it is distant 202 miles. There are few places in England, or indeed in any other country, so highly favoured, by situation, as B 2 HISTORY OF EVERTON. Evertou; in picturesque, beautiful, and interesting scenery, it has scarcely a rival in Britain. On its western side, it rises with gentle acclivity, until its crest, or the summit of its brow, acquires a com- manding eminence, which overlooks the modern Tyre. From the western parts of Everton-hill may be plainly seen the fertile lands of Cheshire, the moun- tains of Wales, the river Mersey, and the expanding Irish Sea, where numberless vessels are continually moving, ingressing and egressing to and from Albion's Western Emporium : and, in favourable weather, the spectator on Everton-hill may behold the Isle of Man, and the bold promontories of the north coast of Wales. From the northern part of Everton may be seen, in the north-west, the estuary of the Mersey, the channels by which the haven of Liverpool is approached and left, and, at times, the dangerous sand-banks that extend from the estuary of the Mersey for many leagues sea-ward, the dread of pilots and poor mariners : more northwardly, also is seen, from Everton' s northern parts, the extensive and deeply-indented bay of Bootle, the marshes of Bank Hall, the wan-en of Crosby, several jutting promontories on the sea-board, and the church and hamlet of Walton-on-the-hill ; whilst the distant hills of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Yorkshire fringe the horizon, and bound the spectator's view on the north and north-east. About mid-way on the eastern edge of Everton the land gradually slopes, until it joins the extensive INTRODUCTION. 3 plains of neighbouring townships, over which are in- terspersed gentle mounds and rising hillocks, which relieve the prospect from tame flatness : and, from those eastern parts, taking an inland view, in the proper season, may be seen all that can be desired of rural beauty; the eye being relieved by a view of lofty hills in the distance; the intermediate plains serving the husbandman for an area where he per- forms his agricultural labours profitably to himself, and advantageously to the population in his neigh- bourhood. On the south, Everton is joined to land of equal, if not superior elevation with itself; consequently, the extent of prospect from its southern border is circum- scribed and limited. The western parts of Everton are rapidly assimi- lating and connecting themselves with Liverpool; numberless dwellings are here annually erected; nay, so magical is now the builder's power, that, it might be said, many dwellings are constructed in this quarter weekly, — generally but small domiciles, and chiefly intended for the occupation of the humble : but the slope of the brow, and the platform-crest, are studded over with beautiful villas and elegant man- sions, where the wealthy children of the commerce of Liverpool, and the retired gentry, with their families, reside. In fine, such is Everton at this day; a delectable spot indeed, and almost entitled to the denomination of Modern Arcadia. 4 HISTORY OF EVERTON. It may, however, be as well now to enter on an enquiry touching its ancient state, commencing with its first known existence as a residence of man ; and proceed to notice such events as appear to be con- nected with every period of its general, and, what may be termed, its local history. Everton has its name inscribed on the pages of the Doomsday Book; but, prior to the epoch in which that book was composed, its history would seem to be buried in the sea of oblivion, where it now lies, be- yond the reach of the penetrative and studious en- quirer. The most expert antiquarians have not been able to dive deep enough into that unknown depth, and, in all likelihood, never will, so as to restore to the light of day the minutia of its history antecedent to the eleventh century. Common place, in all like- lihood, were the events in which Everton was con- cerned when possessed by the ancient Britons or aborigines ; it probably never was, in their time, the site of city, castle, or palace, nor the scene on which warriors strove for glory or victory ; but that war and slaughter have often erected their destroying stand- ards in places not remote from Everton, is made evident by authentic information ; and, doubtless, many a time and oft, the ancient inhabitants of Everton have witnessed the array of passing war- riors, the shouts of pursuing victors, and the lamenta- tions of the flying vanquished. When Caesar landed in Britain, that which is now INTRODUCTION. O Lancashire* formed a part of the kingdom or province of the Brigand, one of seventeen states into which Britain was in those days divided : the inhabitants of that part or division of the dominions of the Briganti, which is now named Lancashire, had then the distinc- tive appellative of Segantii, or Sestuntii; and those inhabitants, as well also as all the Britons of remote times, were a rude, barbarous race of people, who, in winter, dwelt in caves, and in summer, resided in tem- porary, ill-constructed wooden huts. The use of clothes was unknown to those semi-savages ; some of them, indeed, partially covered themselves with the skins of animals, but such covering was only used occasionally, on the reception of strangers, or in very inclement weather, or during the performance of certain cere- monies, but seldom, if ever, as a tribute to decency. Of comfort, they had scarcely an idea ; their bodies were painted entirely over with the juice of woad ; their wives they had in common ; in short, taking them as represented at the Roman conquest, they were a race as barbarous and uncivilized as the Arabs of the desert : and yet, lovely and gentle fair ones, wise and wealthy lords, of these enlightened, civilized, and happy days, from this race have ye all sprung ! These aborigines were, however, brave and hardy, * It was after the Norman conquest, that certain territorial divisions of England were designated, or known by the names of counties ; but in the time of the Saxons, after Egbert had reduced the Heptarchy into one monarchy, those divisions, or the main parts of them, even as they now exist, were formed, and were originally called " shires, " a name they still retain, in common with the French term, " county. " 6 HISTORY OF EVERTON. and though to have the fact of consanguinity blazoned forth, may be unpalateable to the dainty, the squeam- ish, and the proud of the present day, yet it is but recording a truth to state that, however mixed with other blood, from those semi-barbarians are the present civilized, social, and polished children of Britain descended ; nor must it be forgotten, that the brave and undaunted spirit of our forefathers, rude and barbarous as they were, has, in a great degree, been permitted to descend to their posterity; the firm, unrivalled courage of the Waterloo heroes was an inheritance which had descended through a long line of ancestry, from the aboriginal Britains to the Waterloo heroes, that phalanx which fought for and achieved the freedom of Europe, on the 18th June, 1815, under the great captain of the age. It is probable that Everton, at the time of the Roman invasion, and indeed long before that epoch, was a rude hamlet, or cluster of caverns. The probability is grounded on its being situated in the vicinity of a noble river ; but more particularly on Everton's proximity to West Derby, which, even in the ninth and tenth centuries, was in a great measure, if not altogether, a forest, or nearly covered with wood ; out of which forest, as will be hereafter shewn, Everton had in early days, and for a length of time after, the right of estovers: it is therefore, indeed, very probable, that the wants of the earliest inhabitants of Evertou had caused them, in the first instance, to cut down the timber of their own ground ; but, in INTRODUCTION. 7 progress of time, they were necessitated to extend those limits for a continued supply of that constantly- needed article, for architectural and other purposes and uses : on such occasions, they naturally resorted to the forests and woods nearest to their domiciles. The Briganti, however, after the Romans had conquered the states of Britain, were impatient of their rule, and shortly appeared again in arms against their subduers; hut their insurrection was speedily quelled, by the Roman general, Ostorius. Still there is no trace in tradition to fix the scene of any of those warlike operations on the site of Everton. It is probable, however, that its inhabitants witnessed the flight of Caractacus, who, on being defeated, in a great battle fought by him against the Romans, at a place named Caer-Caradoc, in Shropshire, fled to Cartismunda, Queen of the Brigantes, who, alas for the honour of one of Everton' s sovereigns ! basely de- livered the unfortunate chieftain into the hands of the Romans; but the treacherous Cartismunda was en- treated according to her deserts, being deposed by her subjects : and thus were the people, of whom the Evertonians formed a part, driven again into Avar with the Romans, who strove in vain to re-instate Cartismunda. The Briganti fought bravely, under Queen Boadicea; nor ought it be deemed an overstretch of fancy, that some Everton heroes ranged themselves under her banners. Boadicea, after various turns of fortune, was ultimately, in one great battle, overthrown, with 8 HISTORY OF EVERTON. great slaughter, she herself escaping with great diffi- culty from the field. That calamity caused her to put an end to her existence by poison. Soon after Boadicea's death, the Brigantes, and indeed all Britain, sub- mitted to the Roman yoke. About the year 140, the Brigantes again revolted, but were soon reduced by the Roman general, Lollius Urbicus. From this period, Britain is little noticed in history, till Severus divided the country into two provinces. The number was afterwards increased to three, by Constantine the Great, or rather to four ; viz. Britannia prima, Britannia secundi, and Maxima Cresariensis ; a portion of the last was afterwards erected into a separate province, under the title of Flavia CaBsariensis. It is stated that Everton formed part of Flavia Caesariensis;* but that statement is open to doubt, there being good grounds, in various excel- lent authorities, to support the belief, that Lancashire remained a part and portion of Maxima Caesariensis. From the reign of Constantine to that of Honorius, the Roman rule in Britain gradually declined ; Rome being distant, and herself in danger, neglected to send forces to keep Britain in safety. In the reign of the latter Emperor, the British found themselves greatly annoyed, not only by the Picts and Scots, but by the Saxons also. The Romans at length (about the year 430) finally abandoned the shores of Britain. After the departure of the Romans, the Scots and Picts again invaded Britain, and although they were * Kennion's MSS., as noticed in Gregson's Fragments of Lancashire. INTRODUCTION. 9 met with desperate courage on the part of the Britons, who even once succeeded in driving them back into their own territories, north of the great wall, yet, so restless and daring were their enemies, that the Britons, at length, found themselves necessitated to ask aid of the Saxons. Here commences a new sera in British history, to which Everton is indebted for its name, or rather, for a name from which its present title is derived. The warlike Saxons came in numbers, at the call of the Britons, to aid them in the expulsion of the Scots and Picts ; but, ultimately, the Saxons formed a truce, and concluded a peace, with the tribes they were summoned to expel. Turning their arms against the Britons, the Saxons overran their land, and, in the year 458, became conquerors and rulers of the whole of Britain, with the exception of a part of Wales. Of the Heptarchy, it is not necessary to treat minutely ; it may suffice to state, that Everton, in the Heptarchial dominional divisions, became a part of the kingdom of Northumberland, and so remained during the reigns of the Anglo-Saxon monarchs of the Heptarchy; a period of time, during the whole of which the inhabitants of Britain seem to have been buried in profound ignorance. That period is too far distant from our own times to allow tradition to wear the garb of truth. The Northumbrians, however, were brave ; and, at the termination of the Heptarchy, they were the last of the Heptarchial subjects that 10 HISTORY OF EVERTON. submitted to the government of Egbert, who, about the year 827, became sole monarch of Britain; the name of which he then changed to Angle-land, or England.* About five years after Egbert had established his new monarchy, the Anglo-Saxons began to be annoyed by the incursions of the Danes ; who, at length, subjected Northumberland. Under the Danish chiefs, the Northumbrians made many irruptions into Mercia, of which kingdom or dominion Shropshire and Cheshire were parts. During those wars, the people of Everton must have frequently witnessed, if they were not co-operating parties in, the conflicts which frequently took place, and were long continued, in their near neighbourhood. In such wars, the restless Northumbrians were continually engaged, until, soon after the year 1016, Canute became King of all England. Harold and Hardicanute succeeded Canute; and Edward the Confessor next reigned. Of a castle erected by Edward the Confessor, at a short distance from the south-east extremity of Everton, it is intended here- after to treat. In the time of Edward the Confessor, the govern- ment of Northumbria fell into the hands of one Tosti, a younger son of the celebrated Earl Godwin. This Tosti was a cruel tyrant, and, at length, drove the Northumbrians into rebellion. They, however, even- tually submitted, and were pardoned by the King, at the intercession of Harold the elder, brother to Tosti. * Leycester's History of Cheshire, as deduced from various authorities. INTRODUCTION. 11 Tosti fled to Flanders, but subsequently made an irruption into Northumberland, to serve the cause of Duke William, afterwards William I., the Conqueror and King of England. There is little doubt of the castle, erected near to Everton by Edward the Confessor, having been placed there to keep the restless Northumbrians in check ; and many a deed of arms has unquestionably been performed in the vicinage of the place, both during and after Edward's reign. At the instigation of the Duke of Normandy, Tosti effected a landing with his troops in Northumberland, and was at first successful \ but his brother Harold, who, on the death of Edward the Confessor, became King of England, met and defeated him, at the head of the troops he had raised in Norway. The battle was fought at a place called Sandford. Tosti was totally defeated, and slain; but Harold- had scarcely time to rejoice at his victory, ere the news was brought to him of the landing of Duke William in England. Harold soon after met William, who was at the head of his Norman forces, at Hastings. Harold was defeated there and slain, and England submitted to the Norman conqueror. Of Tosti, there are many traditionary accounts, but they are certainly too vague and too vile to be credited, to their full extent ; yet his character must have been mainly and deeply founded on deeds of wickedness ; and, doubtless, in his days, very 12 HISTORY OF EVERTON. frequently, lias the blood of the inhabitants of Ever- ton been curdled in their veins, and their cheeks blanched, as tales were recounted to them of that tyrant's transactions ; or when, perchance, as is not unlikely, they were eye-witnesses to atrocities en- acted by him, or at his command. Thus, from time antecedent to that of Julius Caesar, unto that of William the Conqueror, has a brief out- line been given of the history of that part of England in which Everton is seated. What has been treated of has, however, no pretension to be styled local history; it is, indeed, acknowledged that there are no data extant, sufficiently credible, wherewith to frame such a history, during those ages of ignorance and tumult. But, leaving the broad ground over which the foregoing remarks have travelled, it may be proper now to strike into narrower limits, and only branch off into general matter, when the context absolutely requires it. By a grant which William the Conqueror made, about the year 1066, to his cousin, Roger de ' Poictiers, the third son to Roger de Mont- gomery, of lands in Lancashire, lying between the rivers Ribble and Mersey, Everton became a part of Roger's barony, or honour ; but Roger, having taken part in the rebellion against his monarch, was banished, and his estates were forfeited. To treat of Roger's forfeiture, and the successive proprietors immediately after him, would afford no interest to INTRODUCTION. 13 the reader, nor would it aid the object in view. Passing by those and such like circumstances, the earliest notice extant of Everton, separately and individually, receiving regal consideration, is in a mandate, issued in the 9th of Henry III., 1225. anno 1225. The monarch, in that mandate,* commands the sheriff of Lancashire "to permit his tenants of Everton to have reasonable estovers out of the king's wood at West Derby, as they were used to have in the time of his father, King John ; and that he do not compel them to do other suit and service than they were accustomed to in the time aforesaid." From this, and other ancient documents, it ap- pears, that Everton, in the thirteenth century (and, in all likelihood, long antecedent to that time), was a distinct township or manor of itself, and no part or parcel of the township or manor of West Derby ; the tenants of Everton holding their lands by yearly rent and service to the king. In the year 1229, by the King's letters ' patent, Everton became the property of Ra- nulph, or Handle, Earl of Chester. This Ranulph was a brave and intrepid warrior ; he espoused the cause of the young Prince Henry (after- wards Henry III.), when Louis, the Dauphin of France, was called by the discontented barons to * " This mandate is directed to the Sheriff of the County of Lancaster (and not to the Steward or other officer of West Derby), which sheweth Everton is a distinct manor. " — SEACOME'S MS. 14 HISTORY OF EVERTON. wear the crown, and to rule over England. Louis continued for some time to march triumphantly over our then unhappy land, but the prudence and valour of Ranulph, and other loyal nobles, forced the foreign prince to forego his ambitious projects; and those loyal noblemen eventually fixed their legitimate na- tive prince on the throne of his ancestors : nor was King Henry unmindful of the obligation, for Ranulph continued ever after to stand high in the esteem and favour of his sovereign, whose cause he had so bene- ficially succoured, and whose rights he had so suc- cessfully upheld and secured. Ranulph was low of stature, and in personal appearance altogether plain, little, if at all, superior in that respect to the humblest plebeians of his day ; but, in the hour of enterprize, his features became animated ; in the moments of excitement, his very nature seemed to change. In times of peace he was idolized in his domestic circle, and revered and beloved by his numerous tenants and vassals ; whilst in the hour of battle, he was ever the terror of his foes. His hatred of Louis, and of all Frenchmen, was as excessive, as his love and loyalty to his young sovereign were boundless. On the demise of King John, Earl Ranulph suc- coured and secreted the young Prince Henry, until, by the wisdom, talent, and energy of the Earl, and other nobles, the claims and attempts of the Dauphin of France on the crown of England were nullified and destroyed; and, ultimately, the victory achieved at Lincoln over the Frenchman and his adherents, INTRODUCTION. 15 secured to the legitimate Prince Henry, England's proud throne. This was principally effected through the bravery and ability of Everton's lord and master. Ranulph dying without issue, Everton became the property of Agnes, one of his four sisters, who mar- ried William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby. Agnes became possessed also of the castle and town of West Derby ; and, in fine, of all the lands which belonged to the said Earl Ranulph, lying between the rivers Ribble and Mersey. In the 33d Henry III., anno 1249, William ' de Ferrers, son and heir to the aforesaid Wil- liam de Ferrers, Earl of Derby, had the King's man- date, to the Sheriff" of Lancashire, for the enjoyment of such lands, lying between the rivers Ribble and Mer- sey, as Ranulph, Earl of Chester, formerly possessed. In 36th Henry III., anno 1252, the said last "" named William de Ferrers obtained a charter for free warren, to himself, and his heirs, in all his demesnes and lands throughout his lordships of Liverpool, Everton, Crosbie, Wavertree, Salford, &c.; which also sheweth that Everton was a distinct manor, or lordship, from West Derby : but the said Earl had previously, in 33d Henry III., anno 1249, first erected the two manors of West Derby and Waver- tree by his charter or grant of custom, and instituted the copyhold estates there ;* yet he made no alteration as to the tenure of Everton. * In these, or the like words, " that lands shall be let on him that bought them, if he can agree reasonably with the Steward; in case 16 HISTORY OF EVERTON. In 38tli Henry III., anno 1254, the said 'last named Earl of Derby died, and was succeeded by Robert his son, who was the last Earl of Derby of this family, and who forfeited all his great estates in Lancashire to Edmund, younger son of King Henry III., who became Earl of Derby. Edmund died in 24th Edward I., anno 1296, " and was succeeded in honours and estate by his eldest son Thomas, Earl of Leicester, Derby, &c. The said Thomas gave Everton, together with other manors, to one Robert de Holland, a favourite of his. It would appear, however, that on the death of the said Thomas, Robert de Holland had no virtual title to produce; Everton, consequently, reverted to the last named Earl's family, and became a possession of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, Leicester, Derby, &c., brother to the said Thomas, and his successor in honours and estate. The demise of the said Thomas must have occurred prior to the 1st Edward III., anno 1327 ; for in that year, at an inquisition taken ' at Lancaster, before one Simon de Grimsty, it is stated, " that Thomas, late Earl of Lancaster, &c., held in fee various manors " (of which Everton was one), " by the service of rendering an ambling nag, or 40s. per annum — and that there is at West Derby the site of an ancient castle — and that at Everton there are 19 nativi, who held 24 oxgangs" (about 13 acres each) " of land, at £4 1 6s. rent — and say that the Lord he cannot agree reasonably with the Steward, the said lands and tenements shall remain to the seller. " INTRODUCTION. 17 Henry, Earl of Lancaster and Leicester, is brother to the said Thomas, and next heir, &c."* At that period, Liverpool was worth only £30 10s. per annum, and Wavertree £7 9s. 4d. per annum. Allowing five for the family of each nativi, or housekeeper, the inhabitants of Everton, at the time here named, must have been in number about one hundred : Liverpool, Everton, Wavertree, Crosby, Salford, Toxteth, and Simonswood were the manors held of Edward I., by the service of an ambling nag. At an inquisition held at Wigan, 1st Edward III., anno 1327, it appeal's that Robert de Holland entered into possession of Everton seven years before that period. In 25th Edward III., anno 1352, Henry, "' Earl of Lancaster, Derby, &c., " did give and grant his town of Everton, with all its wastes, &c., to John Barret, yielding for the said town four pounds ; " — but, in the event of the said John Barret dying without issue, then Everton was to revert to the Earl of Lancaster, &c., and to his heirs again, for ever. This deed, which is dated 23d February, 1352, clearly * In Seacome's MS. it is recited as follows. — " By this inquisition it appears that Everton was a manor of itself, and no part or parcel of West Derby; that the tenants were 19 in number, and held 24 oxgangs of land, by suit and service of the king, and a yearly rent. According to the best authors I have met with, an oxgang of land contains 13 acres; so that 24 oxgangs make 312 acres, and agreeable to the quantity now claimed by Everton in the whole — viz. old enclosures, 130 acres; new enclosures, 60 acres ; and common, 120 acres : also the ancient tenants were 19 in number, and the rent the same we now pay." C 18 HISTORY OF EVERTON. established Evertou to have been a manor of itself, with wastes and commons appertaining to it. The aforesaid Henry afterwards became Duke of _ Lancaster, and died in the 35th Edward III., ' anno 1362, leaving two daughters, Maud and Blanch. Blanch married John of Gaunt, Earl of Richmond, who afterwards became Duke of Lancaster; and he had for Blanch's portion, amongst other lands, all her father's lands in Lancashire. John of Gaunt died, and was succeeded by Henry de Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby, his eldest son, who afterwards was King of England, by the name of Henry IV. ; where- by all the aforesaid lands (except Everton) came to the crown again, where they remained till the reign of King Charles I., when they were sold to certain citizens of London, as will hereafter appear at large. It would appear that the aforesaid John Barret 14O1 ^e(^ without issue; for in the 2d Henry IV., anno 1401, the king, by grant or charter, re- newed or confirmed to his tenants of West Derby, (which had also been gifted by the aforesaid Henry, Earl of Lancaster, to John Barret,) their ancient tenure, as granted by the first named William Ferrers, Earl of Derby. Subsequent circumstances make it evident that Everton, on the demise of John Barret without issue, also reverted to the crown. It may not be amiss here to reiterate, that King Henry IV. was grandson to the before-named Henry, Earl of Lancaster, Derby, &c. ; consequently, Ever- INTRODUCTION. 19 ton became the property of that monarch in due course of inheritance, on the demise of John Barret without issue.* In the 3d Henry VII., anno 1488, an inqui- sition was taken at Walton, which shows that the boundary of the south part of Walton, "beginning at Carton Cross, and following to Darling Dale, and to the east end thereof, and so over the Breck, by one ancient ditch on the lands of Everton, called Hang- . field,^ on the south part of the common of pasture of Walton, &c." The ditch here alluded to ran west- wardly, dividing Walton Breck from Everton Breck, and other north parts of Everton from the southern limits of Walton township, — Everton itself being in the parish of Walton. All the lands of Everton were known by the names of Hangneld, Whitefield, and Netherfield ; and at the time of the inquisition held at Walton, anno 1488, that part called Hangfield was quite open, but has been since enclosed, and runs along by lands which were once the commons of * In Seacome's MS. it is written as follows : " Now also upon failure of issue of John Barret (to whom the town of Everton was given hy Henry, Earl of Lancaster, 25th Edward III.)> the said town returned to the crown, pursuant to the said grant ; the exact time thereof I cannot discover ; but this is the first time (the MS. bears the marginal mark of ' 17th James I.') I have met with or observed the officers of the crown taking notice of the said town since the aforesaid grant." f This word is frequently written Hongfield, and by some writers Houghfield. I prefer Hangfield, that name being derived from hanging, or sloping field. To strengthen the propriety of my orthography, in this particular instance, it may be as well to state, that, in Gore's paper of 26th July, 1810, certain fields of Walton are advertised as follows ; — " Fields in Walton-on-the-hill, called Hanging-fields." 20 HISTORY OF EVERTON. Walton, as above described ; the ineres and bounds whereof are well known to the neighbouring inhabi- tants. It is evident that, in the 15th century, and no doubt long antecedent to that period, the greater part of the soil of Everton was nothing more than common or waste land. There are, however, at the present time, only one or two very insignificant patches unreclaimed from their natural state; and those are all that remain to the public of the once extensive commons of Everton. Progressively, but not rapidly, have the enclosures of the commons of Everton been effected ; and, doubt- less, what has been done is mainly attributable to Everton' s proximity to the rapidly encreasing town of Liverpool, the lands of Everton serving to depas- ture, temporarily and conveniently, the cattle intended for the use of that populous town. Not for their fertility were the wastes of Everton enclosed, for the soil is not richly fertile, nor highly productive ; Kirk- dale, its neighbour, has drained from the north lands of Everton some or most of the little freshness or fat- ness they ever possessed ; the former indeed may be called the garden of Liverpool. For the privilege of sending their cattle to depasture on the waste lands and commons of Everton, the people of Kirkdale paid annually 6s. 8d. to the township of Everton ; and it appears that the township of Everton had itself to pay 13s. 4d. annually to the crown, as a quit or chief rent INTRODUCTION. 21 for the commons and wastes. Tin's chief rent of 13s. 4d., which is called " Breck-silver," is still annually paid to the lord of the manor. These wastes and commons are here thus hriefly noticed, preparatory to what immediately follows. In 17th James I., anno 1620, a deputation, ' consisting of Robert Fazakerly, Ralph Mercer, Richard Bower, Robert Worral, and John Wallworth, was sent by the copyholders of West Derby and Wavertree, to treat with the crown touching a com- position to be paid to his majesty, James I., for con- firmation of said copyholders' estates, and for grant- ing the wastes and commons of said manors, by copy of court-roll. At which treaty, it was proposed by his majesty's commissioners, "that such copyhold tenants of said towns as shall, upon notice thereof, consent and agree to pay his majesty thirty years' rent of their ancient rent, at the days and times therein mentioned, his majesty would confirm to said tenants, so agreeing, and their heirs for ever, by decree of court, and by act of parliament, all their copyhold lands, paying, upon the death of any tenant, or upon surrender to be made, to his majesty, his heirs, or successors, one-third part of the said yearly rent, for a fine ; and that such of his said tenants as should accept said composition, shall have and enjoy, to them and their heirs, all the commons and waste lands within the said towns, the same to be indif- ferently divided by commissioners, and to be granted to said tenants by copy of court-roll ; and the yearly 22 HISTORY OF EVERTON. rent of 4d. per acre, of seven and a half yards to the perch, to he paid his majesty, his heirs, &c., for ever; the first payment to be made within one whole year after such enclosure, and quiet possession thereof be obtained." To the terms of this composition, it would appear, the tenants of West Derby and Wavertree acquiesced, " but the people of Everton were neither art nor part concerned in the measure; neither did any of them appear at the said treaty ; being, in relation to their wastes and commons, upon a different footing with either West Derby or Wavertree, as paying anciently both rent and taxes for the same, as many receipts certify."* It however happened that, under some misconception, or mal-interpretation of the decree of court, or with a view to reap benefit to themselves, at the expense of others, the copyholders of West Derby "surveyed and proposed to make allotments of the wastes of Everton, as well amongst the copyholders and others of Everton, as the copyholders and others of West Derby." To this intended allotment of the Everton wastes, by the people of West Derby, the people of Everton stoutly demurred, and against which the copyholders of Everton made vigorous efforts of resistance ; applying themselves to the honourable court of the duchy, and there making it appear that Everton was a manor of itself, known by the meres and bounds, distinct from West Derby; and that the wastes of Everton had, time out of mind, * MS. of Seacome. INTRODUCTION. 28 been taken and had by the tenants of Everton. The result of the application made by the copyholders of Everton to the duchy court, will be best understood from a copy of the order issued by that court, 18th James I., anno 1621. The order ran thus : — " It is ordered that the allotments and en- closures of the wastes of Everton shall stay and be forborne till further hearing of said difference, at which time this court will order to whom the said wastes of Everton shall be granted." After the issuing of this order, it would appear that the pro- ceedings altogether dropt, and the tenants of Everton remained in quiet and peaceable possession, as for- merly.* In the 4th Charles I., anno 1629, the king, ' by letters patent, dated 14th June, 1629, granted to Edward Ditchfield, John Highlord, Hum- phrey Clarke, and Francis Mosse, citizens of London, and to their heirs, (amongst other things) the manor of West Derby. Under colour of which patent, the said patentees claimed, not only West Derby, but likewise the manors of Wavertree, and of Everton, — " which then were, and time out of mind had been, several and distinct manors of themselves, paying distinct and several rents (still answered and paid) to his majesty, and his progenitors, for the same ; and, * There is a false surrender in the town's chest, which, it is sup- posed, was fabricated to give a colour to the claims of West Derby on and to a participation of property and right in the wastes and commons of Everton. 24 HISTORY OF EVERTON. therefore, not passed from his majesty by the said letters patent and grant of the said manor of West Derby." Thus were the tenants of Everton instructed by their counsel learned in the law. The tenants of Everton refusing to pay unto the afore-named patentees any suit or service, at their court held at West Derby, the said patentees caused their goods to be distrained, and the said tenants of Everton replevied the said distresses ; upon which, a suit at law commenced by the said patentees against the tenants of Wavertree, and of Everton, who, being but poor men, and unable to contest the same with the city of London, did, in the month of May, ' 1632, petition his majesty to refer the exami- nation and decision of the said difference to the then chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster : to which peti- tion his majesty wras pleased to accede, ordering the chancellor of the duchy, assisted by his majesty's attorney-general, to take the case into consideration, and " as they shall find most equal and agreeable to truth and justice, by the best and fittest means they can, satisfy the doubts and differences of the dis- putants." On the 20th June, 1632, Lord Newburgh, the then chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, called on the parties disputant to assemble at the duchy-house, in the Strand, London, on the 6th November then next ensuing ; which assembly or meeting took place. When counsel for the disputants were heard, the judges (being the chancellor, the lord chief baron of INTRODUCTION. 25 the exchequer, and the attorney-general), on 'the 23d Decemher, 1633, ordered as follows: "That the tenants of Wavertree, and of Everton, may keep their rents in their hands, and shall not be troubled by distress, or other process, out of this court, for the same, until such time as they have direction from this court to whom they shall pay the same." The aforenamed patentees were not satisfied with - this order, and therefore, on the 23d June, 1634, ' (intending to weary out the poor tenants) brought their bill in chancery,* and also amerced and distrained said tenants for non-payment of their rents, and for not appearing and doing their service, &c. ; whereupon, on the 20th November, 1634, the said tenants again applied to the court of the duchy, and that court thereupon made the following order : — " That the bailiff of the manor of West Derby, upon notice of this order, shall forbear to impose, collect, or gather any fines or amercements of any of said tenants and inhabitants of Wavertree, and of Eveiion, for not appearing or doing service at the said halmote- * The parties to the bill were, — Edward Ditch field, -| Rowland Johnson, •> John Highlord, Anthony Johnson, Humphrey Clarke, f Plaintiffs. R Mosse> Francis Mosse, John Mosse, Ralph Higginson, T , TT r Defendants. John Henshaw, James Ackers, Thomas Greaves, Thomas Gover, James Woolfall, j 2(5 HISTORY OF EVERTON. courts, kept for the said manor of West Derby, or for any other matter against them or any of them in anywise." On the llth February, 1635,* the court of ' chancery dismissed the cause depending out of that court, " and the rights of Everton were esta- blished, and possessions quieted as before : " but this, as will shortly appear, did not put an end to the disputes and legal proceedings between the -said patentees, and the tenants of Wavertree, and of Everton. On the 17th February, 1635, the court of chancery issued the following order : — " It is ordered that the receiver-general shall forthwith receive from the te- nants of Everton the amounts of their rents, being in arrrear two and a half years, ended at the feast of St. Michael the archangel last past, amounting in toto to £12 lls. lid.; the said receiver, on payment thereof, shall give them an acquittance for the same : and it is further ordered, that from henceforth they shall continue the payment of the said rents to the said receiver-general, as they shall grow due, till this court take further order therein to the contrary : and it is last ordered, that none of the tenants of Everton shall be distrained, or molested in their lands of goods, for the same rent so paid ; and to that end this order shall be enrolled with the auditor of the north parts." * In Seacome's MS., and in Gregson's Fragments, this is 1634; but I think the context sanctions the date I have given. INTRODUCTION. 27 Sometime in the year 1635, the tenants of Waver- tree, and of Everton, petitioned the king to be admit- ted purchasers ; and that in the mean time a court may be kept for them, as formerly. The considera- tion of which petition his majesty was pleased to refer to Lord Cottington, and the attorney-general, with whom the said tenants or their agents were admitted to treat ; and upon the terms propounded, had liberty to go down and advise with the rest of the land tenants thereabout. In the mean time, and whilst this treaty was in agitation, to prevent the conclusion thereof, the plaintiffs (the patentees), by their coun- sel, moved the court to have the case retained; whereupon, on the 20th May, 1636, the court made the following order : — " That the plain- tiffs shall reply to the defendants' answers before the end of Michaelmass term next, and the cause to pro- ceed to a legal hearing in this court, according to the ordinary course ; and the injunction formerly granted, to stand in force." And again, on the 8th May, 1638, it was " ordered, that the cause be set down to be heard on the 1th of June next, on ten days' warning being given to the plaintiffs, or one of them. But the plaintiffs, instead of coming to a hearing, pur- suant to the above order, made purchase of the said manors of Wavertree, and of Everton; and King Charles I., by his letters patent, dated in the ' 14th year of his reign, did give and grant to Ditchfield, Highlord, Clarke, and Mosse> the town 28 HISTORY OF EVERTON. or towns of Wavertree, and of Everton; whereupon the tenants of Wavertree, and of Everton, paid their rents to the said purchasers, &c. It must be kept in remembrance, however, that Everton was not pur- chased as part, parcel, or member of the manor of West Derby, but as a distinct township and manor of itself, with all its rights, &c. &c. And thus, after much trouble and expense, the point became esta- blished, that Everton is a manor of itself, independent of West Derby, and other neighbouring manors. On the 20th June, 1639, Ditchfield, Highlord, Clarke, and Mosse, for certain considerations set forth, — " did grant, bargain, sell, and confirm to James, Lord Stanley and Strange, his heirs, &c., the manor of West Derby, and the town or towns of Wavertree, and Everton, to have and to hold for ever." The said Lord Stanley, in the 17th Charles I., anno 1642, did, some time in the month of ' November of that year, appoint a court baron to be kept in and for the said manors and towns, (Sir Richard Molyneux, Bart., being then the steward.) At which court it was found, that Everton paid for their enclosed lands <£5 11s. 3^d. per annum; and for their commons, by the names of Hangfield, White- field, and Netherfield, 13s. 4d. per annum; and at every king's fifteen, 2s.* for the said commons. The said 13s. 4d. is called Breck Silver, and is entirely paid for their commons and open land (being part of * The nature of this tax is explained in the Appendix. INTRODUCTION. 29 the Breck) whereon the people of Kirkdale were per- mitted (whilst the land lay open and unenclosed) to put their cattle, paying to the township of Everton 6s. 8d. per annum, for such privilege and advan- tages. In the 18th Charles II., anno 1667, Charles, ' Earl of Derby, heir to the said Lord Stanley," in consequence of divers debates and differences, touching the fines due to the said earl from his copy- hold tenants of Everton, entered into an agreement with Robert Carter and William Halsall, who were deputed by the copyholders of Everton to treat for themselves and others, about a composition to be paid to the said earl in consideration of settling their fines for all tunes to come. In this agreement, which is dated 1st January, 1667, amongst other things, it was stipulated, "That the said copyholders should pay to the said earl twelve years' rent of their ancient yearly rents, as mentioned in a schedule thereto annexed, and should permit the said earl to enclose one-third part of their common to him and his heirs for ever ; and the said earl agreed, for himself and his heirs, to settle and confirm by decree of chancery, &c., their copyhold rents certain for all time to come ; and that they, the said copyholders, should enjoy the herbage of the other two-thirds of their said commons left open and uninclosed, to them and their heirs for ever. To which articles many of the copyholders agreed ; and afterwards, other articles were entered into, including the residue of the said tenants : but 30 HISTORY OF EVERTON. lest it should be thought or intended by any of said copyholders, that the said articles did include all the three towns as one manor,* and thereby render their ancient rents and privileges general and promiscuous, it is thereby expressly declared, that the said copy- holders do for themselves, severally and respectively, (and not jointly the one for the other,) and for their several and respective heirs, fyc., covenant, promise, grant, and agree to and with the said earl, fyc. ; and the said earl doth hereby agree and covenant, that his trustee or trustees shall agree with and grant to the said copyholders, parties to these presents, and * Notwithstanding the ancient inhabitants of Everton were thus care- ful to record their manorial independence, and freedom from the incor- porate rule or dominion of the manor of West Derby ; and notwithstand- ing this agreement of and with the said Earl of Derby clearly allows, declares, and establishes the separate, distinct, and individual manorial rights and privileges of Everton; yet, according to modern usage, in the halmote-court, the township of Everton is implicitly denominated " within the manor of West Derby ; " — as may be seen in any copy of surrender of Everton copyhold lands, all which, of such modern sur- renders, are headed thus :— " The manor of West Derby (to wit) the halmote-court of Bamber Gascoyne, Esq., (now of the Marquis Salis- bury) lord of the manor of West Derby aforesaid, in the county of Lan- caster, held at West Derby aforesaid, for the said manor, according to the custom thereof, &c." And in the bodies of such surrenders inva- riably will be found the following passage ; " a piece or parcel of land, being in Everton, within the manor of West Derby aforesaid." In the ancient deed of 1 549, as given in the Appendix, it is stated, that the sur- render there alluded to had been " granted and acknowledged according to the custom of the manor of West Derby ; but it does not state, as modern surrenders do, that Everton is within the manor of West Derby : but the point may be reconciled, and perhaps settled, by taking the fact thus; — that Everton is a manor within a manor ; that Everton is one of the six berewicks, or manors, named in Doomsday-book, in a passage, of which the following is a copy or abstract, from that book, — " In the hundred of West Derbie, the king, Edward the Confessor, had one manor, called Derbie, with 6 berewicks, (manors within manors,) &c." INTRODUCTION. 31 their heirs respectively, that for or notwithstanding any name or thing herein before mentioned and agreed upon, the said copyholders respectively, their heirs and assigns, shall have the same liberty, free- dom, and privilege in the said two parts of the said waste and common, remaining to their respective copyholds, as they held, used, and enjoyed before the making of these presents on the whole as by the said articles, and the said Robert Carter, and William Halsall, bound for the said earl, and the said earl's receipt for the money paid, may more at large appear." " In pursuance of which said articles, and agreeable to the true sense and meaning thereof, the said earl, or his successor, William, Earl of Derby, did enclose and lease to his tenants at West Derby, one-third part of their commons,* and to Wavertree, and to Everton, each one-third part of their commons, which said enclosures of Everton amounted to sixty acres; and there remained open, or unenclosed, one hundred and twenty acres, being the other two-thirds of said commons, as by the survey at the time of the said enclosing may appear." All of a seignor or lord's rights and privileges, in and over the township and manor of Everton, re- mained vested in the successive Earls of Derby, from this period down to the decease of William George icnar(l? Earl of Derby, which event took place ' in the year 1 702 : the said earl then dying with- out leaving male issue, the major part of the titles, * MS. of Seacomc. 32 HISTORY OF EVERTON. dignities, and estates of which he was possessed, at the time of his decease, became vested in another branch of the Stanley family ; hut to his only surviving child and heiress, Henrietta Maria, Baroness of Ash- burnham, descended all his estates and honours which were not under those unjust and arbitrary restrictions of the law, which may be truly denominated salique. It has been already shewn that the township of Everton contains, as near as may be, 310 acres of land. Of these, 130 acres were anciently enclosed, and 60 acres were enclosed about the year 1668, leaving 120 acres in common, or waste. In the year * 1716, the trustees of Lady Ashburnham granted a lease for 1000 years of 115 acres (which were part of the last-named 120 acres) of common land, unto certain individuals, the copyholders of Everton, for the consideration of £115 money in hand paid down by the said copyholders ; and on condition of the said copyholders continuing annually to pay the sum of £5 15s., being one shilling per acre on the lands so leased, for and during the entire term and continu- ance of the said lease, paying as well also 13s. 4d. annually, being the ancient rent or Breck-silver paid by the copyholders for said commons; and it may have been understood that this 13s. 4d. should con- tinue to be paid for the five acres of common land not included in the lease of 115 acres, inasmuch as there were originally 120 acres. Thus it is shewn, there are in Everton about 190 acres of freehold and copyhold lands; 115 acres of leasehold lands; INTRODUCTION. 33 and some 5 acres of land not particularly included under any head; which 5 acres, it is probable, are the mere and its banks, and some very small patches that have been disposed of by the township to various individuals, as the books of the township show, and some very trivial spots or patches yet remaining, and which are called " land belonging to the township." This total of 310 acres very nearly agrees with the measurement of the township, as taken in the year 1 790 ; as may be seen in the map of that time. The completion of the lease, in 1716, of the said 115 acres of land, forms a conspicuous feature in the history of Everton. In consequence of that lease, nearly all the remaining waste lands of the township were apportioned, allotted off, enclosed, and much improved, for agricultural and other purposes. Be- fore, however, the division or allotment of the lands of the said lease was earned fully into effect, it was discovered that some of the lands included in that lease belonged to, or were in the township of, West Derby; and on such discovery, various debates and disputes arose, and sundry meetings took place to adjust such differences. Eventually, a final settlement of the disputed points was effected, on the 23d June, 1 723 ; the particulars of which settlement, and many other interesting docu- ments touching the 1000 years' lease, the apportion- ment and allotment of the several parts of the lands so leased, and other matter thereto belonging, will be found in the Appendix. D 34 HISTORY OF EVERTON. The settlement effected in 1723, seems to have set at rest all differences and disputes between Everton and West Derhy ; and ever since that period, the manorial affairs of those respective townships or manors appear to have been amicably transacted at one and the same place, when needful, that is, in the lord of the manor's court, at West Derby, agreeable to certain forms, customs, &c., as will be shewn in a forthcoming section. It would appear that the manorial rights, privileges, &c., in and over the township or manor of Everton, remained vested in the heirs of the Derby family ' until, in the year 1717, Isaac Greene, Esquire, a respectable solicitor of Liverpool, purchased those rights, privileges, and emoluments, together with those of the manors of West Derby, and Wavertree. Mr. Greene was also proprietor, or lord, of other manors, some of winch were acquired by purchase, and others were the heritage of his wife, Mary Aspin- wall, the heiress of Sir Gilbert Ireland. ^n ^ie (^ea^1 °f Mr. Greene (which took 'place the 5th July, 1749,) his possessions be- came the property of his daughters and co-heiresses, Mrs. Blackburn, of Hale, and Mrs. Gaseoyne, of Child wall; by whom and their heirs the manorial rights of all the late Mr Greene's manors were and still are exercised, and the copyhold courts continue, under them, to be duly held, with all the formalities of that system. Everton became the property of Mary, the daughter INTRODUCTION. 35 of the late Isaac Greene, Esquire, who married Bam- ber Gascoyne, of Barking, in Essex, Esquire, and M. P., by whom she had two sons ; to the eldest of whom, the late Bamber Gascoyne, of Childwall, Esquire, (who for many years was M.P. for Liverpool,) the manors of West Derby, Everton, and Wavertree descended; the younger of those sons is the very worthy General Isaac Gascoyne, the present M. P. for Liverpool. i 7QQ ^e e^er Bamber Gascoyne, Esquire, died ' 8th May, 1799; and the younger, or late, Bam- ber Gascoyne, Esquire, died 16th January, 1824; the wife of the latter died llth July, 1820. On the death of the late Bamber Gascoyne, ' Esquire, the manors of West Derby, Everton, &c., devolved to his daughter, and only surviving child, who married the Marquis of Salisbury; and the manorial rights, &c., of Everton have, in consequence of the marriage, become vested in that noble family. Having brought the history of the seignorage and soil of the township or manor of Everton through times of peril as well as of peace ; from rude, remote, and tyrannical times, to these days of happy tran- quillity, and of real, permanent, and substantial secu- rity ; it is hoped it will not be deemed an unpardon- able step, to introduce a slight digression; prefacing such digression with a fervent congratulation to the present inhabitants of Everton, that civilization and widely-diffused knowledge have created for them this era of happiness, security, and content ! 36 HISTORY OF EVERTON. It is more than probable that, in days of yore, many a warlike phalanx has been seen from Everton, to wend its hostile way to conflicts which have carried slaughter, devastation, and even desolation into neigh- bouring lands and habitations ; and from the humble dwellings of the people of Everton, of ancient days, in all likelihood, have the youthful male inmates been marched to death or mutilation ; for vassalage was the lot of all who, in remote ages, called this township their home. At their lord's bidding, all able-bodied vassals were necessitated to march wherever war's horrid operations or ambition's purposes called them ; change of masters came with change of years ; but it amounts almost to a certainty, that submission and misery were, for centuries on centuries, under all changes of times, of rulers, and of lords, the continued doom of the ancient inhabitants of Everton, whether as Brigantes, Anglo-Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Anglo- Danes, or Anglo-Normans. Hard and bitter was their lot; but fervent thanks are due to an all- wise and kind Providence, for the civilization and wide- spreading knowledge of the present day, which con- stitute our moral, social, and political shields, by which we are defended from aggression and oppres- sion. How long it may please the Ruler of events to suffer us to remain in this happy, secure, and enviable state, is wisely sealed up in the book of futu- rity. In recent, as well as remote times, how many untoward circumstances have we not, as a nation, valiantly overcome, and how fortunate have been the INTRODUCTION. 37 results of endeavours, the probability of the success of which was fearfully against us. The career of that child of ambition has but lately closed, who was the dread and the scourge of Europe, and who extended his eagle eye to the subjugation of the world, but fixed it most intently and eagerly on the conquest of our matchless island. At the commencement of the present century, vehicles were seen parading the township of Everton, prepared to convey the females, the helpless, the aged, and the young, of these parts, to shelter and safety in the interior of the kingdom, if necessary, on the threatened invasion of Bonaparte. Let us for a moment suppose that those designs of the ruler of France had been earned into execution, and to successful completion, might not then the injustice, cruelties, and oppressions of the Norman William have been again enacted, and have constituted our misery at the present day ? It boots not now to argue on present safety, or on the machinations of that individual, who at one time was mighty both in fame and power ; but to whom do we owe thanks for the possession of the one, and deliver- ance from the other? to whom is the praise due? Truly to those who, under the Almighty's permission, stood firmly at their posts ; who, although harassed by a murmuring multitude at home, and deserted by foreign powers, resolutely employed the nation's ener- gies, and effected, not only a full and complete de- fence, but the utter discomfiture and downfall of that being, who, though now inanimate and harmless, often 38 HISTORY OF EVERTON. struck awe and terror into the rulers of many mighty nations, populous and proud as our own Britain ; and freed the world from his tyranny, and gave peace to Europe. But Providence has now heen pleased to seat us, apparently at least, permanently on the rock of safety ; and on Everton, in particular, it has long been bestowing much influx of population, and great encrease of value. There are no Tosti's now ; our suits and services to the lords of our manor are scarcely more than nominal, little other than mere matters of form; so trifling indeed, that they are annually bought off" for the value of that humble coin of the realm — a groat : nay, many extensive portions of land in Everton are now in free-holding, liberated altogether from even a liability to feudal customs, and in no respect under the control of any lord, but that individual who, by purchase, or other legal mode, has become the proprietor in fee and perpetuity. SECTION II. ETYMOLOGY. A SECTION on the etymology of the name of a place under consideration is generally deemed indispensably necessary, as well in an humhle local historical trea- tise, as in the histories of proud empires. But it may be said there are few sciences, or employments, more abstruse, or more involved in ambiguity and obscurity, than that of etymology, or the art of deriving the origin of names — names that are in themselves often nothing other than altered and changed obselete terms, and very frequently meliorated, both in pronunciation and orthography, so as to chime in, and accord with, the amended idioms of enlightened times, or, in other words, to suit the current language of improving ages. It will scarcely be denied that often, after a tedious etymological research, and a conclusion has been arrived at, — however veracious such conclusion may appear to be, — the reward of the discovery has seldom equalled the value of the time expended on the en- quiry. The study or science of etymology has not a truer type than the game of blind-man-buff; for in such study we stroll, hoodwinked, through the laby- 40 HISTORY OF EVERTON. rinthian chambers of antiquity, eagerly catching at the data we chance to stumble upon, yet seldom giving the right appellation or construction to the matter occasionally obtained ; we are, therefore, both by the rules of blind-man-buff, and those of etymo- logy, again obliged to resume our efforts, and recom- mence our search. Nor would it be a less appropriate name, were we to style etymology, guessology; for it is a system, science, or pursuit bound and kept together by a chain of conjectures, and a series of guesses. But to pass by etymological enquiry altogether would be to sin against the rules of history ; slender, therefore, as the data are, touching the etymology of the name of Everton, and however imperfect the mode of its presentation, it must be advanced and submitted to the reader's notice. It has often been declared, and with much shew of truth, that the broad pronunciation of country people is nearest to the ancient Saxon phraseology used in England; the true sound, and the original meaning, of the names of places, are therefore more likely to be gathered from the lips of the unlearned, than from any writings of old date ; as may be briefly proved by stating a case thus : — Let an educated person visit a tribe in Africa, and take down their words in writing, as the sound in utterance dictates ; those who read aloud such written words seldom, if ever, give to them their true pronun- ciation. Thus has it been with our rude, unlettered ancestors; their names of places have been written down by learned clerks, and people of following ages ETYMOLOGY. 41 have given to such names, in many cases, a false pro- nunciation, which has led to altered orthography. From the frequent use made of the word " Yerton," by the inhabitants of Everton and its vicinage, in times not remote, and even still by very aged per- sons, when speaking of and meaning Everton, it would almost appear that the true and original name of the township had been Yerton; but it is acknow- ledged that the word Yerton may be a corruption of, or derivation from, the word Hiretun (higher-town), or Ouretou (over- town), and indeed have the same meaning, for to both or either of these words the pro- nunciation of Yerton is nearly allied. But to wade deeply into an etymological enquiry on the word Yerton would be as profitless as tedious; it will be better, then, at once to take that word as synonymous with, or a derivation from, the word Hiretun. In the Dooms- day Book, the township is styled Hiretun ; a name given to it, there is reason to presume, from the cir- cumstance of its having been formerly (as now) the higher of one or more towns, in its own immediate vicinage : and to this conclusion every mind would, at once, be satisfactorily brought, if any evidence were adduced that, at the time Everton was named Hirefan, there were in reality one or more towns in its immediate neighbourhood, built or standing on a lower site than the town, or township,* of Everton itself. It would not be very difficult to establish the * Of townships, Ererton is, and ever has been, the highest on the east, west, and north of those which are in its immediate vicinage. 42 HISTORY OF EVERTON. assumption of the former existence of such lower town or towns ; one, for instance, may have possibly existed in Kirkdale, and another, probably, on or very near the site of the present town of Liverpool ; for we find that all ancient localities, the names of which terminate in " tun " or " tune," have been towns. Why not, then, let fancy proceed a step, and say, that " dune " also signifies a town, — that "Esmedune" may have been Esme-foww, — and that modern Liverpool stands on the site of old Esmedune.* If either or both of these assumed towns existed, they were situated below Everton. From such a circum- stance the name of Hiretun (higher-town) must have had its origin, and the still familiar word Yerton, is doubtless a corruption of it. To account for the more polished, yet neither more significant nor more appropriate name, which the township now bears, we may, with a further trifling flight of fancy, suppose the alteration of Hiretun, or Yerton, to Ever-toii, to have been made by some ancient learned clerk, who, instigated by fancied wisdom, or by whim, thought to amend the language of his times. Such an one may have deemed Yerton a vulgar name, and, with more of rhyme than reason, he may have created for the township its present appellation. There is, however, no information ex- * It belongs to the history of Liverpool to treat more at large on this point ; but it would appear there are good grounds to establish the opinion that the sites of Liverpool and the once-existing Esmedune are one and the same. ETYMOLOGY. 43 tant to prove how or when originated the name which Everton now bears. The township bore the name of Hiretun at the close of the rule of the Anglo-Saxons, as that ancient and celebrated territorial register, the Doomsday Book, clearly shews ; but let us, for a moment, suppose that ever is a corrupt pronunciation of hire, there has been bad taste displayed, and sin committed on sense, in giving such an incongruous title to the township ; a title indelibly stamped on its records. In fine, cus- tom has now irrevocably established "Everton," to be the township's name. Let us, however, for another moment, suppose hire to mean ever, — such cannot have been what is termed an etymon ; for though, as in the present case, it may imply the township's existence in and from remote antiquity, yet reason instructs us that custom only has established its present name of Ever j and that, even if the word hire means ever, it is dfe-use that has buried the original name of the township in oblivion. But it is most reasonable to conclude, that all etymo- logical enquiries touching the word Everton, must result in the decision of its being a corruption of the word Hiretun ; and so far as reason and analogy can guide, it may be permitted us to believe, and even to be convinced, that the ancient (and oldest known) name of the township, Hireton, was given to the place in consequence of the circumstance of its being the higher of one or more towns near unto itself. There are some who maintain that the word ever has 44 HISTORY OF EVERTON. been derived from heifer, in consequence of Everton having possessed commons, in which many heifers depastured. Others, again, would derive the word ever from heather, or according to broader, or Scotch pronunciation, hether. These latter build their hypo- thesis on the once existing superabundance of heath which spread itself over the commons or wastes of the township. These two last-named points are merely introduced to shew on what slender data an etymo- logist can build. There are those now living who perfectly recollect Everton-hill being dubbed, by the common people, with the sobriquet, Dunnock-brotv; a name given to it, without doubt, in consequence of the brown or dun appearance of the place, when, in days of yore, nothing but scanty crops of herbage covered its commons. Luckily, however, the township has escaped from the confirmation, by custom and long usage, of such a vulgar name ; and yet, num- berless towns owe their established cognomens to circumstances as slight as did Everton its nick-name of dunnock, or dun-looking broAv. After all, this section on etymology strongly re- sembles Matthews' story of the old Scotch woman; in which much is said about nothing. Here then let the matter rest ; let us be content to know that the township has a name, a good name, and an old one ; but, "what is" there in a name ?" Everton would be (as is said of the rose) as lovely to look on, as sweet, and as salubrious as it now is, even though it had any other name. w o r! o w PH g w SECTION III. ANTIQUITIES. THERE are no architectural erections of high anti- quity now remaining in Everton. The cottage, styled "Prince Rupert's head-quarters," stands the first on the list of Everton' s remaining ancient edifices, and, having heen the residence of that prince, is stamped with some celebrity. This cottage possessed many advantages, as the residence of a leader of forces attacking Liverpool. At the period of its siege by Prince Rupert, in the year 1644, it was not altogether a despicable place for even a general officer to reside in ; an assertion, that will have less chance of being disputed, when it is brought to mind that, in the early parts of the seventeenth century, the dwellings of the greatest in the land were lamentably deficient in those elegancies, accommodations, and luxuries which are now so general, and even common. As a soldier, there is little doubt, the prince found this cottage a far more comfortable, and in every respect preferable, place of temporary residence, than would have been a frail, thin tent ; there is, therefore, reason to suppose that 48 HISTORY OF EVERTON. he did not repine at the scanty accommodation it afforded. Leaders of legions, in these days, would not, perhaps, be contented with even a much better temporary domicile ; but matters are not now as they were heretofore. Rupert's Cottage stands on the crest of Everton- hill, at the south east angle, or upper extremity of the south side, of a road or street called Everton Brow ; the cottage however fronts to a road or street called the Village. It is in the S. W. district, and may be found on the map annexed to this volume, in that division of property, or locality, which is marked and distinguished there by the figure 1, and letter m. There is nothing remarkable in the structure of this cottage, its workmanship and materials being of the rudest classes ; it is a long, low, single-stoned, rectangular-shaped edifice, about five yards in width at the east end, and some half-a-yard wider at the west end ; its extreme length is about 20 yards ; the whole of its exterior is composed of rude unchiselled stone, and shilly,* cemented together with lime-mor- tar generally, but in some parts with clay ; the whole is washed over with white-lime ; the roof is of thatch; the rafters which support the roof are of oak, bare and black with age ; clay has been daubed over the inner walls instead of plaster, and, although the pre- sent occupiers are cleanly people, the materials of * Shilly is small rubble and flaky parts of stone, such as is generally cast aside, when large compact masses of stone are sought for, from quarries. ANTIQUITIES. 49 which the cottage is constructed scarcely admit of any approaches being made within it towards neat- ness ; the floors are of clay, partially tiled ; cellaring there is none ; nor is there an excavation of any kind into its site, or foundation, as it is solid rock. At no remote period, the exterior rock, which once lay at the north side of the cottage, has been cut down and removed, to depress the space it occupied to the level of the road, which causes the building to be elevated, or perched on a rock, some few feet higher than the street; but out of the rock rude steps have been roughly hewed, by which its two northern doors are approached. There was formerly a small closet projecting towards the road, about mid-way on the north front of this cottage ; it was taken down some twenty years ago ; the long chimney has also been much reduced in length. On the east, the cottage abuts on a barn of reddish- coloured free-stone, which is of tolerable anti- quity, though not, perhaps, of a date quite so ancient as the cottage itself. The interior of the cottage consists of four apart- ments, which serve for the domicile of two families. From the window of the west gable a beautiful pros- pect is obtained, quite exhilarating to the tenant, a tailor, who has fixed his work-board under it, from whence he can feast his eye whenever he is dis- posed. The next, in rank, of Everton's remaining antiqui- E 50 HISTORY OF EVERTON. ties, is a cottage in tlie village, on a site which is distinguished in the map by the figures 55, and the letter a. This cottage belongs to, and was, until a few years ago, long the residence of, a family named Anderton. In respectability of appearance it is supe- rior to, and most likely, in point of antiquity, nearly, if not quite, on a par with, its more favoured neigh- bour, the temporary palace of a scion of our royal race. The exterior of Auderton's cottage is a compound of stone, clay, and solid timber ; the timber is dove- tailed together, in many places, forming a frame-work, the cavities or interstices of which are filled up with clay, or lime-mortar. This mode of building was very generally practised in Lancashire a century or two ago. The timber used in the construction of this building is good English oak, ponderous, and still sound and strong, and calculated to vie in endurance with the stone, of which many other parts of the cot- tage are constructed -, the roof is tiled now, but was formerly thatched. Of the interior of this cottage nothing is required to be stated ; its inmates are hum- ble, and their domestic economy the reverse of elegant. There are many who would not consider time altoge- ther mispent, whilst employed in reading descriptions of splendid apartments and gaudy canopies; but few indeed are they who would cast a moment away in perusing a dissertation on a tailor's or shoemaker's internal domestic economy. Adjoining Anderton's cottage, stands a pile of ANTIQUITIES. 51 buildings, formerly the property and residence of a family of Everton nobles, named Rice -, of whom more hereafter. It is now about twenty years since the external and internal parts of this residence were much improved and modernized; the good taste of the lady who was for some years its tenant was judi- ciously displayed in the direction of the improvements and alterations, by which a farmer's homely domestic establishment was converted into an elegant domicile ; and although, at this time, a little of the exterior polish is worn away, the owner of the place, Mrs. Tatlock, finds it a charming abode. With the road intervening, but nearly opposite to the last noticed dwelling, in the S. E., stands another cottage, on a lot marked 22, f, on the map ; this still humble villa has latterly been trimmed up into a spruce place of residence, and, compared with its ancient cottage neighbours, makes quite a superior and modern appearance. The metamorphosis in the appearance of this place has been recently effected ; for, a few years ago, it had a rude and ragged resem- blance to those old, ruinous, and ill-kept residences, or homesteads, where indolent agriculturalists reside. This building was erected the same year (1644) in which Prince Rupert besieged the town of Liver- pool. Another cottage, two stories in height, constructed of red stone, in the year 1688, is also standing in Everton village, on the south-east part of the lot 52 HISTORY OF EVERTON. marked 19, a; it was built by some branch of tlie Heyes' family, and was probably once their place of residence ; of whom also more will be hereafter stated. Fifty years ago, there dwelt at this cottage a worthy matron, to whose care, kindness, and skill, many individuals, now happy, healthy, and prosperous denizens of Liverpool, and other places, are in- debted, under the Almighty's favour, for the lease of life which they now enjoy. Many a puny, puling, sickly child was entrusted to her well-known capa- bility as a foster-mother, who, with kindness, attention, and fidelity, constantly performed every duty of her trust. Worthy creature ! worth such as thine must be a passport to celestial joys, and thy soul is now enjoying peace and bliss in heaven ; whilst on earth, so long as these humble annals endure, thy name, deserving Mary Mercer, shall stand recorded. Extending in a line of some 50 yards, east and west, there is a pile of buildings on the north side of the path over the precipitous road, at the upper part of Everton Brow. These buildings are about fifty paces distant north of the Bridewell, or Round-jug of Everton; most of them were erected in and about the year 1692, and are in a tolerable state of preservation, but present no feature worthy of remark, beyond the brief notice of their being a set of larger kind of cot- tages, two stories high, and tolerably roomy ^within ; the spot where these buildings stand is marked 62, a, on the map. The westernmost of these domiciles has ANTIQUITIES. 53 long been Mrs. Cooper's manufactory for that luscious compound of sweets, whose excellence is celebrated far and near, under the name of Everton toffee. At the east part of this pile of buildings is a butcher's shop, where considerable business is done; and was for many years past, until lately, the only shambles in the township. There is another dwelling now standing in the township, near the village, on the lot marked 1, o, oil the map ; the exact time of its erection is not known. Such is also the case with the remains of another ancient dAvelling, forming a sort of abutment to, or dub-down from, the house erected by the late Doctor Gleave, on the lot marked 42, d, in Everton-lane. Both these places, as well as another ancient dwelling which stood, not long ago, on the St. Domingo land, on the lot marked 2, i, were built prior to the year 1700; as was also the old part of the Odd-house, which stands on locality 21, d. To the last-named house, some additions and improvements have been lately made. Of ancient architectural erections, those already noticed are all which now remain in Everton of the dwellings constructed in the township during and prior to the seventeenth century. These are certainly humble edifices, and this brief account of them, to some persons, may appear superfluous; but however insignificant such places may be in this age of splendour, yet they were, in their day, the residences of the chief and most sub- 54 HISTORY OF EVERTON. stautial families of the township, and at the time in which they were constructed, there were few, if any, extensive buildings in their vicinage. To know that these lowly dwellings were once the abodes of worthy, substantial, and respectable persons, is sufficient to entitle them to a notice here ; if the persons who occu- pied them were not deeply versed in the Belle Lettres, or members of the Beau-monde, yet as honest, pains- taking, pious, and moral people, who, in their days, earned respect, they are now, as they will be in after- time, worthy of recollection and notice. Whatever may have been the style in which do- mestic residences were built at Everton in early days, it is pretty evident, from the specimens already given, that the dwellings, even of the nobles of the township, were insignificant in size, and incommodiously con- structed. Soon after the commencement of the eighteenth century, however, the houses of Everton as- sumed a respectable appearance ; they were of larger dimensions, and more commodiously planned, being generally two, and occasionally three, stories high; yet even at that time, the apartments of these dwel- lings were low, unseemly to the sight, and detri- mental to health ; but great improvement was made in the exterior appearances. In fine, although they were not what a more refined taste would have made them, yet they were spacious, and sufficiently conve- nient to content the wealthiest individuals of the town- ship, and many of the opulent of Liverpool, who ANTIQUITIES. 55 frequently flocked there to reside. But it was re- served for our times to polish and embellish this beautiful township, by giving to its architectural erec- tions their highest finish, and by tastefully forming delightful gardens and pleasure grounds. Everton is now studded over with elegant mansions, chiefly the residence of persons, who, although opulent, still take pleasure in trade's transactions, or deem it a duty they owe their families, to continue their daily toil in the commercial operations of Liverpool, that they may increase their store ; profiting, at the same time, by wholesome walks to and from that busy town, inhaling during their meal-hours the pure and salubrious air of Everton ; where they also pass their peaceful and happy evenings and nights, removed from the town's murky, noxious exhalations, and from trade's arduous exertions and incessant hum. It remains now to take notice of such architectural erections as were standing in Everton within the recollection of the oldest persons now living. The first and chief in consideration was, unquestionably, the one always known, and still remembered, by the name of 56 HISTORY OF EVERTON. THE BEACON. This miniature architectural specimen was the only memento of the days of auld lang syne, and, indeed, almost the only ancient public edifice that tradition can vouch to have ever existed at Everton : it is to be hoped, therefore, that a somewhat elaborate account of the building itself, and of matter connected with it, will not only be deemed pardonable, but acceptable. The ancient beacon of Everton stood near, if not on the very spot, where the wall of the east end of the church of St. George now stands. Gregson, in his Fragments of Lancashire, says, "The ancient Fire Beacon of Everton was standing a few years ago, but it presented evident marks of decay ; if not built at an earlier date, by some other person, it was probably built about anno 1220, by Ranulph Blundeville, Earl of Chester, who erected Beeston Castle, which is visible from the site of the late Everton Beacon. * * * Possessed of considerable property in the vicinage, it is most likely Ranulph would not neglect to build a range of beacons," &c. ANTIQUITIES. 57 With submission it is hinted here, that Mr. Gregson has grounded his argument, as to the founder or builder of this beacon, on erroneous surmises. Gregson pro- ceeds to say, " Beacons were objects of much attention during the threatened invasion of Spain, tempo Queen Elizabeth; and that at Everton was considered useful during the late war." The last sentence is evidently erroneous, the old beacon at Everton was not used during the late war, being altogether destroyed in the year 1803 : but during the late war, in the year 1804, a signal station was established by government, at a few paces distant, on the south, from the site of the late old beacon. This station occupied a space of about 500 square yards, on which stood a low wood- built cottage, a garden, and a telegraph.* Mr. Gregson perhaps was not aware that some per- sons were of opinion that the late Everton beacon was erected during the time the Spanish Armada was expected to arrive on the coast of Britain. It is not intended to offer any absolute opinion on such sur- mise ; but the description of the beacon, hereafter to be given, may lead readers to their own conclusions : it is however pretty certain that the late beacon of Everton was not built prior to the year 1327; for Rees, in his Cyclopedia, under the head "beacon," states, "that before the time of Edward III., beacons were but stacks of wood, to be fired on the appearance * About the same period (1804), a beacon of faggots was constructed on the south side of Walton Cop ; but some mischievous person or per- sons set fire to the beacon, which consumed it, some months after it was constructed. 58 HISTORY OF EVERTON. of an enemy ; but in Edward's reign, pitched boxes were set up, instead of beacons of sticks." The following memoranda were drawn up from a close, ocular inspection made of the late Everton beacon, in the year 1802. " On a fine afternoon, in December, 1802, two persons, fond of exploring an- cient structures, visited the beacon, which then stood about a quarter of a mile distant, due west, from the mere or watering place of Everton. "Of the exterior appearance of the beacon, at that time, the wood-cut, presented at the head of these remarks, will give a tolerably just idea; it was sketched on the spot, at the time the visit here treated of was made. As to the plate annexed, it is very nearly a copy of a drawing taken by an amateur — a friend of the late John Tarlton, Esq., — who took the sketch purposely for Mr. Tarlton, some fifty years ago. "The beacon was a plain, square, stone edifice, or tower, two stories in height,* no way remarkable as to the style or solidity of its structure; it was of plain, homely masonry, and the stone of which it was built was of a dull reddish brown colour, such as is pro- cured on the spot, the site of the late beacon being a solid mass of the same kind of stone, as is, indeed, the greater part of the hill of Everton. A flight of narrow and inconvenient stone steps led to the upper apartment; and a similar flight to the flat roof, or terrace platform. There was only -one apartment on * Some accounts have stated " three j" but such statement is erro- neous. ANTIQUITIES. 59 the basement story, the floor of which was of earth or clay, level with the surface of the field outside. In one corner was a dilapidated fire-place, connected with an ill-constructed chimney, so strait, that a poor boy, in his ascent, stuck fast, and was nearly suffocated with rubbish and dust ; he was extricated by a part of the chimney being taken down. The cattle put to graze in the beacon-field, had free ingress and egress to and from the beacon. " Of the upper apartment, nothing eulogious can be stated ; its appearance was bare, cheerless, and dun- geon-like. On the walls of that apartment many initials, and indeed full length names, were chiselled; but none of celebrity. In the south-west corner of the roof, or terraced platform, was a large receptacle, or cistern, composed of stone and cement, intended originally for the reception of combustible matter, wherewith a sufficient light might be raised to give concerted signals of approaching danger to other stations. At the time of this visit (1802), a goose- berry-tree and a thorn-bush had found soil sufficient on the roof and ledging of the east wall to take root, and during many past summers were known to have flourished in the full vigour of vegetation. "The orifices, for the admission of light and air into the beacon, were little other than such casements as are found in cottages of old standing ; and to all appearance, for a considerable length of time previous to this visit, those openings had not had frame-work 60 HISTORY OF EVERTON. of any kind in them — through those apertures the elements freely entered, and as freely retired." It is to be regretted that no actual measurement of the beacon took place at the visit of 1802, but one of the visiting party furnishes, from memory, the fol- lowing additional descriptive observations. "The exterior of the base, or foundation, of the late Everton beacon, was about 6 yards square, and its height some 25 feet ; the greater part of the marks of decay which it presented, was evidently the work of neglect. On the south side, there was a large, long crack or chasm in the wall of the building, many stones were much broken at most of the angles, and, in some places, it would almost appear that wantonness or design had actually picked out entire stones. To such depreda- tions the building was freely exposed, it being in every respect open, unwatched, and unguarded." .The persons who furnished the above memoranda, were probably the last who visited the late Everton beacon, with views of observation, for, during a stormy night, in the early part of the year 1803, that ancient edifice was felled, or razed to the ground, and disap- peared almost as suddenly as Aladdin's magnificent palace. Rumour blazoned it forth, that the wind blew it down ; and if credit can be given to the man who said, " certain rats had eaten a ton of iron," it may be believed that the wind levelled the stone tower, or beacon of Everton. The marks of decay which the beacon presented, ANTIQUITIES. 61 in the year 1803, may not be altogether conclusive of its claim to very high antiquity, particularly when it is considered that it had long remained open, unte- nanted, and neglected, and exposed too, without shelter of any kind, to elemental storms, as well as to the depredations of mischievous idlers, and casual visitors. Considering these things, and hearing in mind that the beacon was of pigmy dimensions, and of compa- ratively slight structure, its erection can barely be supposed to have a claim to very remote antiquity. Marriages are said to have been solemnized in the beacon at the time the clergy were expatriated from Liverpool for their loyalty, during the civil wars be- tween Charles I. and his parliament. A watch-move- ment maker resided at the beacon, a short time after the year 1770 ; but the last person said to have been the beacon's tenant was an old cobbler, who dwelt there, under a host of inconveniences, in or about the year 1783; but what rent he paid, tradition sayeth not. The eye commanded a most picturesque and pleasing inland view from the roof of the late beacon ; nor was the sea-ward prospect from thence one jot inferior — from few stations indeed, far or wide, could a better be obtained. Having thus described and disposed of the beacon, a brief account will be next entered upon, touching all ancient dwellings which have been demolished at Everton in late years. Two buildings, consisting of a house and outhouses, 62 HISTORY OF EVERTON. stood, for a great length of time, at the distance of a few yards on the N. E. of the late heacon, which were destroyed hy fire, on Shrove-Tuesday, in the year 1 782 : during the conflagration, the flames, at times, communicated to the beacon. It is supposed they were set on fire by gipsies, who had bivouacked in a shed on the premises, and near to a stack of hay; though rumour, at one time, accused a man who, soon after or during the conflagration, for private reasons, absconded; but it was ultimately satisfactorily esta- blished that the suspected runaway was not the incen- diary. A family, of the name of Oldham, who made the place a summer residence, had, for some time previous to the calamity, removed, for the winter to their town-house, in Liverpool. Much of their furni- ture, hay, and other valuables, was destroyed, but part of the property was saved, by the inhabitants of Everton and neighbouring places, who flocked to the spot on the alarm being given by a carter, who was passing the place soon after three o'clock in the morn- ing ; the buildings were totally destroyed. The following is extracted from Gore's paper of 14th February, 1782: — "Twenty pounds reward. Whereas a fire broke out early on Tuesday morning, 12th instant, at the dwelling-house of Mr. Isaac Oldham, of Everton (at that time uninhabited); and there being strong reasons to suspect it was mali- ciously and wilfully set on fire by some person or per- sons unknown, the proprietors of the Liverpool Fire Office do offer a reward of twenty pounds to any ANTIQUITIES. 63 persons who will give information, by which the per- petrators of so outrageous a crime may be convicted and brought to justice. " WM. KEMP, Secretary. "Fire Office, Castle-street, 13th February, 1782." Some time previous to their occupation by the Old- ham family, one of the buildings now alluded to had been, for a considerable time, a public-house, which the nobles of Everton, and others, long and staunchly pa- tronised, by holding frequent sittings in its white-limed chambers, and drinking deep " of its nut-brown ale." On the site of ground, where William Robinson, Esq. has erected two excellent dwellings, marked 58, a, on the map, formerly stood a cottage and outhouses. These were ancient erections, seated below the level of the present road, and, from their appearance, would have barely suited a small farmer, as a place of resi- dence. If report be true, an old woman long dwelt there, whose name and fame were eminent as an excellent compounder of cakes, and other tempting articles of confectionary. On the locality marked 50, b, there stood a very ancient cottage, which long went by the name of the Throstle's Nest; to this cottage many outbuildings were attached. The stables, erected by the late George Roach, Esq., now stand on the spot formerly occupied by tliis cottage, which, to judge from external appearances, must have been the oldest dwelling of any that stood in the township, within the knowledge or recollection of the present existing race. It must 64 HISTORY OF EVERTON. have been long an admirable place of residence, as to pure air and prospect, for it stood on the very summit of the hill, without let or hindrance of view before it ; the building itself was but humble-looking, though in better style, and affording more accommodation, than the cottage of Prince Rupert. On the lot marked 36, c, there was a cottage, which was taken down in the year 1784, and the house on its site (lately occupied by the Misses Paisley,) was then erected, by the late William Harper, Esq. — a praise-worthy undertaking, and de- serving of record, as the meritorious act of a pros- perous son, whose filial affection instigated and determined him to erect a respectable, comfortable, and commodious dwelling for his aged parents. The last person who resided in the cottage was a butcher, who kept his stall at the place. Very near to the last-named place, in the west, on locality 36, b, stood a long, low, cottage-like, white house, the last occupier of which was a worthy, though humble, disciple of Pomona and Flora; in other words, an honest old gardener, and, as he dubbed himself, a professor of botany, whose name was William Harrison. William's skill in the practical parts of his profes- sion was not above mediocrity, and, in its theoretical branches, was still further removed from perfection ; but he had some vanity, and in the course of time persuaded himself that he was a second LinnaBus. Urged on by self-conceit, he had the temerity to at- ANTIQUITIES. 65 tempt a course of botanical lectures. At the appointed time, having gathered together a number of open- mouthed auditors, the professor made his appearance, and with much self-complacency, after three emphatic hems ! commenced his lecture, which ran very nearly thus : — " I must inform you, my friends, in the first place, that what we call botany, is nothing at all only the work that nature does for us in the fields and gardens. Now you will very naturally wish to know what na- ture is — and I will tell you. Nature, do you see, my good friends, nature is a sort of a — that is — hem ! — a — a — aye, nature, you must know is, as I was going to say, nature is — a — a — a something like — a kind of n' a — sort-en-a dang it ! my good fellows, na- ture is nature ! " The ill suppressed titters of his audience alarmed poor lecturer Harrison's wits, and smothered his ideas ; his capabilities floundered, he essayed to stam- mer out a few unintelligible sentences, but at length, covered with confusion, rushed from the forum, and was never afterward known to give lectures on botany. William Harrison's cottage also disappeared very shortly after its neighbour was demolished, and on, or very nearly on its site, are now an excellent house and garden grounds, the property of Doctor Brandreth, of Liverpool, and the residence of Rt. Benn, Esq., merchant, of the same place. This elegant though moderate sized villa was formed by Doctor Brandreth, out of an extensive range of stabling, which had been, F 66 HISTORY OF EVERTON. in the first instance, constructed by the late William Harper, Esq., whose third surviving and youngest daughter the Doctor married. In the S. E., very near to the two last-named cot- tages, but on the opposite side of the road, stood an old dwelling, and a barn, on locality 1 7, d.* These places were taken down twenty-four years ago, by John Pyke, Esq., to whom they belonged, and who, at that time, erected the present handsome dwelling-house which occupies the whole of this lot : its space was so small, that the house and out-offices almost cover it. On the west front of the locality marked 50, a, about half a century ago, stood a very ancient small dwelling. One of the last, if not the very last tenant of which was an old woman, who died there. The careful old body had hoarded up some gold, which, rumour says, was found by a buxom young lass, with which she bought a husband ; but, alas ! she found that " wealth has wings," or, in other words, matters went ill with her during the remainder of her life. Another very ancient cottage stood in the village, on the locality 16, b, which was taken down about twenty years since, and a very snug dwelling-house erected on its site, by the present owner, Mr. Richard Naylor, chief dairyman of the township, who has since resided there. An inscription, carved on a stone * In many of the old maps there is an error hereabout ; in some of them, 17, rf, is not delineated, the whole of that corner of land being given as the property of Mrs. Bennet, and marked 70, a ; but in reality, this 17, d, is, and time out of mind has been, distinct property belonging still to the Pyke family. ANTIQUITIES. 67 inserted in the wall of that cottage, o\7er the fire-place, gave the time of its erection 1650. At a creachy, ruinous hovel, in the close vicinity of the last-named cottage, a poor old woman long dwelt, who, on a pittance of some one shilling or eighteen-pence a week, contrived to keep body and soul together. There are such people still existing, but how they manage is an enigma. In the present case the circumstance was the more remarkable, the poor old woman being a slatternly dawdle ; but her neighbours were kind to her, as the following anecdote and colloquy will shew. A neighbour of poor old Molly's, one day called from the threshold of her door to inform the harmless creature that she had heated her oven, and if she wished to bake a potatoe pie in it for her dinner, she was welcome. "Bless you! aye, I should like it weel enough," replied Molly, "but I happen not to ha' a morsel o' flesh iW house to-day."* " O never mind that," cried the kind neighbour, "come this way, an' I'll gi' ye part 'n a nice bit o' pork I bought yesterday." " Weel, your vast good ; but, now I think on't, I don't believe I've got a potatoe i'th' house." "That's no great matter nother; so come, Molly, and I'll gi' ye as many potatoes as will sarve." " Well, I'm sure you're vast good, an' so I'll set about \ifarrantly — but laws bless me! I welly think I ha' not a dust o' flour for th' crust." " Well, to be sure ! " exclaimed the neighbour. " But never mind, Molly, * Literally the language used. 68 HISTORY OF EVERTON. you sha'nt be disappointed, I'll gi' you as much flour as will sarve your turn this time; so hurry hither, woman — 'prithee ma' haste whiles th' oven's hot." Molly accordingly went over and received the meat, potatoes, and flour, to which was added a sprinkling of salt and pepper ; hut just as she was on the thresh- old of the neighbour's cottage, she suddenly stopped to inform her friend she had one want more, in short, she had not a dish to bake her pie in. This also was supplied; and thus poor Molly was furnished with every requisite, and with all the ingredients necessary, to fabricate her potatoe pie — for even as to water, that also her neighbour's pump supplied. Thus, in some degree, is solved the enigma, how such-like poor old creatures of small, aye and of large towns, con- trive to live. For the homeliness of all the circum- stances of this anecdote, the faithfulness of the picture of the language and manners of the last age must apologize. There was an ancient dwelling on the locality marked 48, b, but it was taken down some fifty years ago, by the late Mr. Tristram, who then erected the house and offices which now occupy the site of the ancient dwelling. Mrs. or Molly Bushell (a very different Molly to our poor old Molly afore-named,) long lived at the place here alluded to. Mrs. Bushell, or rather Molly Bushell, for she was scarcely known by any other name, became celebrated as the first fabricator of that luscious confection, called "Everton toffy." Her factory of sweets, however, was at a ANTIQUITIES. 69 house nearly opposite to the dwelling above-named, to which place she removed when the old house was taken down. There was an old cottage at the S. W. corner of locality 40, c, a small, uncomfortable place, which was erected, there is little doubt, when the surrounding land was waste or common, for it stood in a strange angular position, its front facing the S. W. It was taken down when Messrs. Aspinall built their houses on the terrace. There was also a still more miserable ancient place of residence,' on locality 27, b. A more particular description of this hovel will be given hereafter. Almost from time immemorial, until the year 1 788, there had been a pinfold, where cattle were im- pounded, which stood near to, if not exactly at, the entrance gates to the grounds of Charles Shand, Esq., in what is now called Rupert-lane : the situation was most appropriate, for, in former days, the town's smithy was exactly opposite to that pinfold. When it was demolished, another pinfold was constructed in the N. W. of Evertoii ; and more recently, one has been placed near the mere. It was in the year 1788 that the late William Harper, Esq. so much improved Rupert-lane, which, previous to that period, was rough, ill-formed, and sandy ; he had the pinfold removed,* the road paved, * 1st May, 1764. There is a minute made in the town's boot, of a re- solution passed at a meeting of the inhabitants, authorising Mr. Halsall to make this removal. — Mr. Harper purchased " Croft on the hill " from Mr. HalsalPs heirs. 70 HISTORY OF EVERTON. and the iiortli side fenced off or bordered with a neat, high, and strong stone wall ; and, in what is termed a "give-and-take " way, he exchanged land so as to draw tolerably straight lines in the formation of the road. For some part of the township's land on the south, which he enclosed, he gave other land, and widened the road in the west, opposite to Mr. Ellinthorp's buildings, commencing the present broad formation of the south end of the terrace, which, many years afterwards, the township completed, by purchasing and laying to that road some lands and sites of houses belonging to the heirs of the late Daniel Backhouse, Esq. Until the year 1820, there stood an ancient cross in the village, in the centre of the wide open space lying between the enclosures or lots, marked on the map 55, a, and 25, b, about a hundred yards distant, in the east, from Rupert cottage. Although destitute of ornament, and not remarkable for elegance of appear- ance, that ancient relique ought to have been per- mitted to remain, — it was, indeed, Everton's last remnant of antiquity ; nor did its presence encumber or obstruct the way, for where the cross stood, the road is very wide and spacious, so that neither danger nor inconvenience was created by its presence : but, to accommodate some whim, or the accomplishment of some purpose, not worth enquiring or examining into, the " powers that then were " demolished and utterly destroyed the cross of Everton. Until a few years previous to the cross being removed, there was ANTIQUITIES. 71 a dial affixed on the upper surface of the pillar or shaft, charges for repairing which often occur in the town's accounts ; but at length it was suffered to be destroyed. At no very great distance from the S. E. boundary of Everton, once stood a large and strong stone castle, the site of which is little more than a musquet-shot distant, in the east, from the chapel at West Derby. It was erected by Edward the Confessor; and no doubt oftentimes, and particularly in turbulent seasons, the occupiers of that castle not only held rule and domi- nion over the ancient inhabitants of Everton, but afforded them protection. The site of an ancient castle, at West Derby, is named at the inquisition held at Lancaster, in 1327, and also in the Doomsday-book : timber and hewn stone have recently been dug out of its crumbled ruins. Mr. Me George, of Everton, has a handsome writing-desk, constructed of a piece of oak which was- dug out of these ruins. On a brass plate of that writing-desk, the following sentence is inscribed; " This desk was made from part of an oak beam that was dug out of the ruins of Edward the Confessor's castle, at West Derby, Lancashire, supposed to have been built anno domini 1050; executed under the direction of J. Me George, of Everton, 1826." There is a remarkable well or spring near to the site of the old castle. But these matters belong to the history of West Derby. A part of the north border of the lands of Everton 72 HISTORY OF EVERTON. is denominated " Headless Cross ; " but what Head- less Cross was, or indeed where it exactly stood, is but imperfectly known, — tradition is silent on the subject, — but in old maps and title deeds, the name is still used. If the mark on the old maps truly points out the place where Headless Cross stood, it must have been situated on the bleak and open common, and may have been placed there as a memento of some atrocious deed, or great public event. SECTION IV. CURSORY OBSERVATIONS, ON THE GEOLOGY; THE PRODUCTIONS, EXTENT, AND VALUE OF THE SOIL; THE POPULATION; AND THE CLIMATE OF EVERTON. nature laid the foundation of Everton, she was, undoubtedly, in one of her common-place hu- mours, for all which has, thus far, been seen of its substructure, or parts that lie beneath the surface of its soil, gives no promise of interest to the geologist. Except in a few instances, to procure free-stone* for architectural purposes, man has made no ap- proaches to examine into the subterranean parts, or " bowels," of Everton. Some of its small quarries have .yielded the required supplies of excellent, durable, reddish, or chocolate-coloured free-stone; but when the immediate wants have been supplied, the private quarries have been filled up, and no longer worked, with only one exception, that of the * It appears, on the face of the old map of 1716, that our ancestors quarried in Everton for stone, there being on that map marked " Stone Quarry," and that quarry must have been near to where Mr. Lang's houses now stand. 74 HISTORY OF EVERTON. quarry in the N. W., where operations are now con- tinued, and carried on in the way of trade. It would appear that all the hilly parts of Everton are composed of solid masses of this reddish-coloured free-stone, covered, but in many places only thinly, with friable calcareous earth. In the formation of Shaw-street, much of the same sort of stone has been procured near the surface, and sold, the operations being chiefly carried on in a part of the street opposite to where a church is building in the south-east quarter of the street ; but the quarrying for stone has latterly been extended to the adjoining land on the west. Copyholders of Everton will take notice that the owner of this land can sell the stone he quarries, for the land has been enfranchised, and is freehold, The stone of Everton is durable, and answers well for architectural purposes, of which many ancient buildings bear proof; its colour, however, is not likely to recommend it to general use, and not more frequently perhaps than when other stone can- not be procured without considerable expense. If castles, or stupendous edifices,* were ever to be again erected, the sombre hue of the Everton stone would be well calculated for, and congenial with, such erections; but for light, tasty, modern buildings, it must give place to all free-stones of lighter, brighter, and whiter hues. * Some additional remarks on the north quarry stone will be met with in the section of the north-west district. CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 75 Not any kind of metallic ore, or beds of coal, have been discovered in Everton ; nor is there, in tie entire township, the slightest indications of such treasures being hidden in its terrene bosom. The greater part of the superstrata, or upper coat of the soil of Everton, is shallow, sandy, and calca- reous. There are, indeed, some few patches of land in the township which are tolerably fertile; for the most part, however, the soil of Everton is but mode- rately fertile, and certainly stands very much in need of the artificial aid of the husbandman. Not that the soil of Everton is to be altogether held in contempt, although, as to high purposes of agriculture, it may rank only as land of mediocre value ; yet its meadows aiford very tolerable, and, in some parts, ample pas- turage, for the cattle of many graziers and dairymen. Pretty fair crops of hay, too, are occasionally carted from its fields ; and horticulture, with some artificial aids, is carried on in the township to a moderate extent, more especially by the gentry, in grounds contiguous to their dwellings. Neither corn nor edible roots, on a scale worthy of note, are attempted to be produced on the lands of Everton;. but some amateurs, and many of the gardeners of the gentry, raise fine fruit, both natu- rally and by heat. There are two nurseries, but not any extensive grounds dedicated to the exclusive service of Pomona, in Everton ; the orchards are scarcely worthy of remark; and there is but one public garden in the whole township, and in that 76 HISTORY OF EVERTON. only strawberries, and other small fruits, are culti- vated and produced. The surface of Everton is of small extent. About the year 1790, it was measured with tolerable accu- racy, and the result gave rather more than 310 acres, which varies but in a trifling degree from the earliest accounts of the measure of the township. Gregson, who took some pains to ascertain the point, states, that the accounts given of Everton' s size in days of yore, differ but little from what it is stated to be in modern times.* In remote ages, the names of certain measures, or quantities of land, were such as are now no longer in use ; our forefathers employed certain terms for such purposes, or meanings, which were, no doubt, well understood by them ; but there are few, if any, who now clearly know the real measure and extent of a hide, a bovate, a virgate, a caracute, an oxgang, or such like portions and parcels of land.f Such words . * According to a census taken in the year 1327, there were computed to be then 24 oxgangs of land in Everton ; which, at 12J acres to the oxgang, gives 300 acres in the whole. f The following tahle has been constructed from the best authors ; but, on the whole, there is much uncertainty : — ] hide of land was equal to 120 acres, or, as some say, 100 acres. 1 virgate of land was equal to 40 acres. 1 oxgang or bovate was equal to 12^ or 13 acres. 1 caracute was equal to about 25 acres. Note. — One author says, " six caracutes make a hide of land between the Ribble and the Mersey ; " and another author says, " one caracute is one-fourth part of a hide of land." 1 knight's fee was equal to 5 hides of land. In Gregson's Fragments of Lancashire, it is stated that 15 caracutes make 4 hides of land. CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 77 or terms are never met with now, nor are they to be found in the oldest deeds or transfer-documents ; but there are still some strange terms retained, and which are used to express the extent of certain parcels of land. As an instance, at an halmote-court of the lord of the manor, held on the 28th May, 1828, at West Derby, amongst other lands, in a certain sur- render made at that time, was a field, or piece of land, denominated "eight penny worth of land ;" the extent of which was very nearly three quarters of an acre. The surrender here alluded to, is that of " Tarbuck to Dugdale." It would appear that, at some remote period, our ancestors were taxed, or had their lands valued, at a shilling per acre; or, as in the case of the great Everton lease for 1000 years, the chief rent being one shilling per annum per acre, breadths of land of an acre in extent were called twelve penny worth of land, and as the size of a field or close diminished, or became less than an acre, its fractional part of an acre gave it the corresponding fractional part of a shilling for denomination: thus, half 'an acre was six penny worth of land, and so forth. But surely it is time to meet the better taste of these enlightened times; such strange denominations of lands should be obliterated from all conveyance deeds, and give place to the better defined names of the measures of the day. Bearing on this subject, a hint is thrown out here touching the differences of extent and quan- tity contained in our various modem acres, and which 78 HISTORY OF EVERTON. exist, to a material degree,, even in counties adjoining each other. It would be a satisfactory measure to equalize the extent and contents of all British acres ; or rather, that all who now indiscriminately use the term acre, to denote various and excessive quantities of land, would discontinue the practice, and call their excessive measure by some other name ; suffering all acres of land in Britain to be considered statute acres, and neither more nor less in quantity than statute acres are. A slight effort would accomplish this, and put an end to the confusion and uncertainty which so frequently occur, whenever the word acre is used, without, at the same, positively defining, classing, or naming the description of acre intended to be expressed. Everton stands much indebted to its owners and occupiers of the last fifty years for the improvement of its appearance. Little more than half a centuiy ago, heath, gorse, and weeds were, for the most part, its general crop; and unsightly patches of barren, ill-enclosed land displeased the eye at every glance ; whilst now, delightful prospects, at every turn, and in every direction, draw the observer's attention. Everton now abounds with handsomely-walled plea- sure grounds, and well-enclosed fields, and is con- veniently intersected with admirable roads, commo- dious to the equestrian and pedestrian, for most of them are well paved, and many of the parapets are flagged, for two-thirds of their breadth, with admirable, well laid strong flags, whose smooth surface affords CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 79 pleasure to those who have occasion to walk upon them. The respective property of each individual of the township is now carefully and neatly enclosed, and all the localities are clearly and effectually separated, with strong, and, in some places, handsome stone walls and neatly kept hedge-rows ; whilst nearly the entire of Everton's surface is covered with dwellings, and cultivated lands, the latter of which produce edibles for the use of man and beast ; and the commons and wastes, which were neglected and unsightly, are, in these days, redundant in vegetation, and beautiful to behold. The same lands of Everton are now let at £21 per annum each acre, which, in periods within the recollection of many now living, did not let for half as many shillings per acre : the parents of some of the proprietors of what are now the best lands in Everton, gave only at the rate of about £200 per acre for copyholds, which, in extensive lots, have been sold within the last two years at 5s. per square yard, and latterly much higher. A sale has been very recently made, of lands in the S. W. of Everton, amounting in value (as it is rumoured) to £30,000, for which 5s. per square yard is said to have been obtained ; whilst, for smaller portions of land in the township, near to where it joins Liverpool, 16s. and upwards per square yard is given. Great as these prices seem to be, particularly when com- pared with those given for the same, or similar lands, 80 HISTORY OF EVERTON. towards the middle, and even the close, of the last century ; yet experienced persons are of opinion, that, for many years to come, the value of lands in Everton will progressively advance. Nor can such opinion be deemed vague, or ill-founded, when the necessities of the rapidly encreasing population of Liverpool, and of Everton itself, are taken into full consideration. Buildings are compactly clustered in Everton already, and more particularly of late, in its western parts. Very shortly, indeed, will all our pleasant green fields, in the west, he converted into streets, squares, and enclosures, for the uses and wants of traders and manufacturers ; and at no great distance of time hence, there will not he a tree, shruh, or flower below the western crest of Everton hill, except such as the husbandman takes to market, or, per- haps, some few straggling remains of now standing trees, which will soon be sickly and drawn up, until they typify living skeletons. The greatest price known to have been obtained for lands at Everton, previous to the year 1810 — the extent of the lot being considered — was, for the pur- chase of about half an acre made by the late George Roach, Esq., from the late Daniel Backhouse, Esq., and the late Ellis Lorimer, Esq., at the rate of 13s. per square yard; it is distant about one-third of a mile from Liverpool, and has been converted into a single villa, or residence, whereon an elegant mansion now stands. CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 81 This sale is a striking contrast with that made by a Mr. Halsall, some years back, who sold twelve acres of good land, at Everton, for £125 ; and still more so with a sale made in the year 1549, of three fields, measuring two and a half acres, for which only £15 was obtained. The deed of conveyance, for this last-named pro- perty, is copied and given in the Appendix. The fields still bear the same names as specified in the deed, and are to be found on the east of what are termed " Aspinall's buildings," being at the back of those premises across the road, called Church-street; and they are not, in a straight line, more than 300 or 400 yards distant from the land sold, as before stated, to Mr. Roach, at 13s. per square yard. Everton, in its present state, presents a beautiful and agreeable appearance, yet it must be granted that its beauties and advantages would be materially enhanced, were it more extensively wooded ; nothing like a forest, or extensive patch of woodland, is to be found in the entire township ; and, save and except " a few tall trees," the shrubberies of the villas and pleasure grounds, and, in a few instances, on the hems of fields, Everton is lamentably deficient in the most essential and ornamental feature of rural scenery. It is reasonable to conclude that wood was not scarce at Everton in ancient times, but the wants of its own inhabitants, and those of its neighbours, when coal was little known, and difficult to be procured, G 82 HISTORY OF EVERTON. may have caused the woods of Everton to disappear under the operation of the woodman's axe. Where also, it may be asked, are the woods and forests of West Derby ? Knowsley, it is true, is weU wooded, and many other patches of wood may be met with in, and not very remote from Everton ; but even these reliques of a once well-wooded country are slowly diminishing. It is not to our credit to write, that we of these enlightened, but (in the present case at least) heedless days, hew down freely, but plant sparingly. Sir Edward Moore, as may be found in the "Stranger in Liverpool," mentions a wood of eight acres extent, which had been planted by his great grandfather: it lay on the north part of Liverpool, extending, perhaps, somewhat into Kirkdell (Kirk- dale), and was in a thriving condition in the year 1667. This wood could only have been a few yards distant from the west-edge of Everton ; but where is that wood now ? — not a vestige of it remains, and its site is barely conjectural. But in what manner the wood above alluded to has been destroyed, may be readily imagined, for Sir Edward Moore, in his address to his son, goes on to say, " remember you always give a charge to one of your servants to look to it, otherwise the town of Liverpool will absolutely destroye it." This is a direct reflection on the habits of the people of Liver- pool, whilst those of Everton, and of Kirkdale, seem not to be implicated or charged in any way, by CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 83 Sir Edward, in aiding or abetting such improper practices, although the said wood was on their very confines ; therefore, as it cannot be substantiated that the people of Everton, and of Kirkdale, were, in the days in question, more moral or more honest than their neighbours of Liverpool, it may be presumed there was then wood in Everton itself, and in West Derby, where the people of Everton had right of estovers, sufficient to answer the wants of both Ever- ton and West Derby. But, at the time in which Sir Edward treats, the immediate neighbourhood of Liverpool could not have been over wooded; for he goes on to say, speaking still of the wood, — "which, if you destroy e, gould will scarce buy you wood for your sufficient use, in regard of the great skercity of wood about you." It is now too late to attempt the embellishment of the western parts of Everton with woody patches, and park-like grounds ; and as to the other parts of Everton, the grazier and the dairyman offer more profitable considerations to the owners of land, in the shape of high and encreasing rents, than wood would yield ; in pasturage, too, the lands produce an imme- diate and valuable income, whilst the emoluments that might be derived from wood, now planted, would be uncertain, and could not be realised until many a flaxen head became grey. There are many circumstances fast approaching, nay, actually taking place, which will prove serious draw- backs to the future claims of Everton, as a delightful 84 HISTORY OF EVERTON. place of rural residence. The circumstances alluded to are already felt, Everton being frequently enveloped in dense and murky vapours which the crowded dwellings and factories of Liverpool send forth. This nuisance, it may be feared, will be constantly on the encrease ; although the eastern parts of Everton will for a long, a very long time, be free from it. The fast augmenting number of its own inhabitants has also, latterly, given a town-like character to the society of Everton ; and that hospitable, neighbourly, and formless intercourse of families, so peculiar to rural society, is now rarely to be met with in the township, except, indeed, amongst relatives and near . connexions; intercourse, it is true, is still kept up between those whom worldly friendships, and motives of interest and pleasure, — pleasure not infrequently akin to dissipation, — draw together, and often in congregations of such overwhelming numbers, as to cause enjoyment to be offensively jostled against, and satisfaction to be squeezed out of their entertaining rooms : in fine, Everton will soon become a site and scene whereon " the plodding citizens, and sons of trade," will play busy and ostentatious parts. It may be as well to run over here a brief com- parative statement of the numbers of the inhabitants of Everton at some selected, different epochs, con- trasting, in their extremes, its ancient with its late and present population. . The most ancient account extant, which can lay any claims to authenticity, is a sort of census, CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 85 bearing date 1327, in the reign of Edward III.; there were then nineteen nativi (or heads of families) in the township, and they, as it is there written, held 24 oxgangs of land. Taking five for the number of individuals in each family, the population of Everton must have been at that time, ninety-five souls. If this be near the fact, and there is little reason to doubt its being so, it would appear, that some centuries after the time before named, but little addition was made to the population of Everton; for it is found, by documents in the town's chest, that, in the year 1692, there were only 135 persons residing in the township, and in the year 1714, there were not more than 140. In the year 1769, the population of Everton had encreased to the number of 253 ; in the year 1 790, to 370; in 1801, to 499; and, in 1811, amounted to 913. It will display the respectability of the township's community, and may prove otherwise interesting, to give a statement of the stations in life, trades, &c. of the housekeepers who resided at Everton in the year 1815. Patrician 1 Brewers 3 Brokers , 11 Tanner 1 Tobacconist 1 Tax Collectors 2 Plumbers 2 Masons .. 2 Painters 3- Carter 1 Housekeeper-labourers 3 Housekeeper-servant . . 1 Currier 1 Physician 1 Widow-housekeepers .. 22 Spinster-housekeepers. 11 86 HISTORY OF EVERTON. Gentlemen not in trade 22 Hosier 1 Stationer 1 Ironmongers 2 Cooper 1 Bricklayer 1 Hairdresser 1 Blacksmith 1 Shoemaker 1 Merchants 44 Drovers.. 2 Lawyers 3 Cowkeeper 1 Jeweller 1 Pavier 1 Printer 1 Clergymen 4 Liquor merchants 2 Architect 1 Tailors 2 Schools 2 Glass dealer 1 Dentist 1 Drapers 2 Shopkeeper 1 Cork cutter 1 Flour dealer 1 Grocers 4 Gardener 1 Joiners 7 Shipwright ; 1 Publicans 2 In 1821, a very correct census was taken, which gave the number of the then inhabitants of Everton, 2109; whilst at the present time, 1829, it is pro- bable there are 3763. The last number is calculated from the ley-book of the year, which gives 579 inhabited houses, and allowing 6^ individuals to each house, the total is as above stated. The number of new houses already completed, together with those in progress of building, at Everton, in the years 1829 — 30, is little, if at all, short of 100. Everton bids fair to make more rapid strides in the encrease of its population than even its thriving neighbour has done; for in the year. 1700, Liverpool had only 5714 inhabitants. There is every reason to suppose that at the next period of taking a census of the kingdom, the popula- CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 87 tion of Everton will be nearly double what it was at the taking of the last census. Population, 1821— Liverpool, Male ...54,340 1 Female 64,632 5 118'972 In 1811 the inhabitants were 94,376 In 1821— Everton, Male... 760 1 Female 1,349 > 2'10 In 1811 the inhabitants were only 913* In 1821— West Derby, Male ... 2,6951 Female 3,609$ 6'304 In 1811 the inhabitants were 3,718 For more information on this, and other statistical points, some tables, and many notes and observations, are given in the Appendix. The climate of Everton is but what can be said of it, if the character of the climate of Britain, as described by a Frenchman, on his return to France, be true ? " What," asked the people of Paris of the travelled Frenchman, "is the climate of Britain ?" " Ma foi ! " replied monsieur, with an entire shrug, and a semi-sliiver, " They have in England nine months winter, and three months bad weather, in one year." The reply was hyperbolical, but the climate of " la belle France " tempted his conscience to suffer his tongue to take some liberties with truth:: but if the climate of Britain were every year as it was in the year 1829, the Frenchman's assertion would not be at variance with veracity. Lancashire has perhaps, on the whole, as humid an * More than doubled. HISTORY OF EVERTON. atmosphere as any English county whatever; some parts of it are almost proverbially subject to rainy weather. It must have struck another Frenchman very forcibly that Manchester was a place where rain was constantly falling, for, after an absence of some two years, he encountered a Manchester ac- quaintance in Paris, and accosted him in the following words ; " Pray, sir, has it left off raining in Man- chester yet ? " Everton, of course, participates in the atmospheric lot which providence apportions to the county it is seated in; it must, however, be taken into conside- ration, that the local situation of Everton gives it some advantages, but, as all things in nature are of a mixed character, that which, in a great measure, renders Everton so delightful at most times, causes it to labour under disadvantages in certain seasons. Everton is tolerably elevated above the level of the sea, near to which it stands, and being unsheltered, is consequently exposed to fierce storms. In severe winters, and inclement periods, the air of Everton is cold, keen, and piercing; but when the north and the north-west winds blow with gentle, or only mode- rate force, the climate of Everton is as salubrious as that of the ocean itself; then, indeed, the sea-breezes, in wholesome purity, waft themselves through and over the whole township. At such times, no bane- ful effluvia, or smoky vapours, are conveyed from Liverpool, by the passing breeze, to any part of Everton. CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 89 It sometimes happens, in the winter months, when the north and west gales travel with the hurricane's velocity and violence, that the winds from the sea are unwelcome visitors; and, owing to the unsheltered situation of Everton, it is not unfrequently ravaged hy those tempests of the ocean, from which the town- ship has sustained much damage. Some serious disasters, losses, and fatal accidents have occurred from these circumstances, at several periods, which will be noticed in other parts of this work. Taking, however, the aggregate of times and sea- sons into due estimation, the climate of Everton may be denominated bracing and salubrious; it may perhaps be too sharp and keen for delicate con- stitutions, or for invalids whose strength may be prostrated, or for systems excessively shattered, but it is admirably adapted for all who may require, or will venture to place themselves in, a bracing atmospheric bath; indeed, it may be safely said, that those who may be temporarily unwell, cannot reside in a more desirable place. Such persons have every chance of finding the climate of Everton an excellent and seldom- failing antidote to disease ; for, except when the south- west Avinds blow, if pure air be near, it will, of a certainty, be brought to Everton. On the whole, making the required distinction of elevated situation, the climate of Everton closely assi- milates to that of Liverpool ; the reader is, therefore, referred to the very scientific work of Dr. Dobson, a 90 HISTORY OF EVERTON. late inhabitant of Liverpool ; and to a more modern publication, entitled " A Familiar Medical Survey of Liverpool." There is an advantage which presents itself, of con- siderable importance, in estimating the value of Ever- ton as a place of residence, namely, its desirable distance from, yet convenient proximity to Liverpool, where the necessaries, conveniences, and luxuries of life abound. Thus, the very situation affords a temptation, nay creates a necessity, for exercise. From their resi- dences at Everton, men of business proceed daily to their affairs in Liverpool, arid the fair sex frequently visit the well supplied markets and excellently stored magazines of that great commercial town; from the first of which the larder and store-room are amply replenished, whilst the latter gratify the eye, furnish adornment for the person or the mind of the lovely fair ones who visit these tempting repositories of useful, fashionable, elegant, and tastefully displayed commodities, many of which are indispensable to gen- teel life. Many a fair daughter of Everton owes much of the hue of health and ruddy beauty she now enjoys, to the excursions she has taken, over and over again, to the neighbouring town ; but it must be granted, that she is more particularly indebted to her strolls in the pure air of Everton, and its vicinage ; where she can enjoy the most charming prospects, or indulge in CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 91 pleasing ruminations or reminiscences, in the rural privacies of shaded and retired roads, or inhale fragrant odours in well-trimmed lawns, picturesque pleasure-grounds, or well-stored gardens : pale, per- haps, had been her cheek, and pallid her now ruby lip, had fate immured her in a close, pent-up cham- ber, in one of the narrow streets or thorough fares of Liverpool. Sheltered by the crest of the hill, the western plain of Everton, and the slope of its brow, afford, in the winter season particularly, delightful sites for places of residence, whose inmates can be little inconve- nienced by the visitation of piercing, inclement easterly winds ; but when in winter the north and east winds prevail, the summit of the hill, and the north and east parts of Everton, are somewhat bleak and cold, nor is it probable that art can materially alter them. These circumstances are thus pointedly set forth, with a view to guide those persons who may be desirous of domiciling themselves at Everton, as to the spots most likely to suit their respective constitutions ; but, after all, it must be granted, that during a great portion of the year, the eastern parts of Everton are delightful — and as a whole form a most charming region; for, during the summer and autumnal months, they may be said to compose a spot of real rural beauty. As to the summit of the hill, its western prospects are so grand, extensive, and variegated, that they tempt even the timid and the delicate to dwell on its 92 HISTORY OF EVERTON. exposed situation ; and there they brave the winter's storms and inclemencies ; hope still reminding them of summer's coming advantages, beauties, and delights. A short walk, of only a few minutes' duration, takes a pedestrian from Liverpool's busy and bustling scenes into a modern Arcadia, where, gradually, the hum of human toil is lost, and is exchanged for that of the busy bee, and the sparrow's merry chirp ; then it is, that, having escaped the hoarse, croaking cries of venders of wares, the vehicles of trade, and the con- verse-killing rattle and noise of the carts of commerce, as he journeys into Everton, his ears are greeted and delighted at every step, with sweet notes, gratui- tously offered, by the " cheerful songsters of the grove " — songsters, which can charm and delight the natural ear much more than can the artificial capa- bilities of a Sontag, or a Catalani. To people pro- ceeding from Liverpool into Everton, the suddenness of this change of scene, and the exliilarating effects of meliorated air, seem almost the effect of magic ; therefore, with natural zest and gotit, the inhabitants of Liverpool seem to enjoy their visits to one of Britain's most charming villages. On Sundays, and kept holidays, the roads and avenues which lead to and from Everton, are much thronged with visitors, drest in their best, inhaling large and refreshing draughts of pure air, and feast- ing their eyes with delightful views, both sea-ward and land-ward. But the number of visitors has latterly CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 93 been much diminished, chiefly in consequence of the safety and cheapness of conveyance hy steam vessels, which tempt many of the former visitants of Everton, whenever they can temporarily leave the dense and murky atmosphere of their gigantic and still encreas- ing town, to cross the river Mersey, to view and ramble over the verdant grounds of Cheshire, on the oppo- site, inviting shore. SECTION V. TENURES OF PROPERTY. To search into the tenures of landed property, from their sources down to these times of secure-holding, must be deemed a satisfactory enquiry by all those who study, or take pleasure in marking, the progress of the laws which govern and protect our social interests. Such study, or enquiry, equally regards and applies to the history of Everton's soil, as to those of the greatest and proudest empires. It is this apparent necessity which has impelled or induced the presentation of the following preliminary dissertation on the origin of present and past tenures, under which the lauds of Everton are and have been long held. Of the tenures under which the lands of Britain were held, prior to the Saxon conquest and rule, little or nothing is known : the Saxons, however, par- celled out among themselves into allotments the lands of the conquered British provinces ; each monarch of the heptarchy distributing to respective chiefs, ac- cording to their rank, or desert, or to the favour in which they were held. It was then that the Saxon TENURES OF PROPERTY. 95 leaders, or chief men, seated themselves on portions of their own soil, and in time became peaceable agriculturalists, exercising a lord's right over their vassals, labourers, and shepherds — the aborigines of Britain, and the lower grades of their own coun- trymen. It was then and thus that the first known appor- tionments of lands were made to individuals, and became the property of subjects of the realm or realms of the heptarchy in Britain. " Then also originated our manors, villages, and townships ; not their pre- cise names, it is true, but their customs, rights, and tenures; which, having commenced in the earliest existence of Northumbria, still subsist, with little alteration but in the orthography of their names, and gradual extension of cultivation." After the Norman conquest, William the Conqueror arbitrarily dispossessed most of the chief Anglo-Saxon proprietors of the soil, and granted to his own chiefs, favourites, and followers large divisions of territory, even, in some cases, to the extent of whole hundreds, and many townships and villages, to a single indi- vidual. Immediately after the conquest, the township of Everton was held under those lords, in whom, from time to time, the possession of the honour, or barony, of Lancaster was vested, and who had themselves to render satisfaction to the crown, ac- cording to certain terms, under the performance of which they held sub-dominion over their respective territories. Historians are generally agreed, that at 06 HISTORY OF EVERTON. or about this period, lands were made hereditary to sub-proprietors, on conditions that required, in most cases, a knight's service for a certain stipulated portion of land. The nobles possessed extensive domains, which were divided into fees, each fee to furnish a knight for the king, or for the superior. The knights thus furnished fought on horseback, and were armed with sword, lance, and shield : it is said that for five hides of land the lord was bound to fur- nish the service of a knight. As time rolled on, wealth and effeminacy encreased, and fines, in money and goods, were offered and ac- cepted in lieu of furnishing and equipping a knight ; thus were established, what are now called rents, and rent became the parent of taxation. But it would lead too far to give more of the history of taxation, than that it took its rise from this composition, or rent of money, &c. in lieu of knight's service. Still, how- ever, much of the arbitrary leaven of the feudal system remained, under the operation of which sub- proprietors continued to be much annoyed ; and thus matters continued, until Magna Charta established and secured the rights of individuals to all justly ac- quired property. Although much of the soil of Everton is held under a tenure which had its origin in feudal times, yet so admirably are those reliques of rude days environed by the laws of the constitution, that copy- hold possessions, save in their disability to work mines for salt, and in some instances to fell timber TENURES OF PROPERTY. 97 for sale,* and the inconveniences of a few set forma- lities, which will be noticed hereafter, are as secure and eligible, and in many respects more so, than any other tenures in the kingdom. Thus is the know- ledge gathered that, in ancient times, and down to the happy and glorious establishment oiMagna Charta, kings, at pleasure, granted and gave lands, and at pleasure dispossessed the lord of his manor. Grants of land were then issued, and frequently recalled or revoked, at the sovereign's will; but the barons of England, in King John's day, established the right to hold their estates independent of every power but that of the law. Lords of manors became independent proprietors ; they regulated and adjusted matters with their tenantry, free of regal interference, according to established rules and customs ; and they admitted the rights of their copyholders to be as secure and valid as their own, liable only to such forfeiture and bereave- ment as manorial customs, and the laws of the land, had ordained. Since then, the lands of Everton have been granted to copyholders, or old grants sanctioned and continued, under easy, nay almost insignificant, terms of suit, service, fine, and rent; and the copyhold estates of Everton have descended, and continue to descend, according to the ordinary rules of consanguinity, or bequest, as the statutes direct, without the lord of the manor having power to * A copy of the customs of the manor of West Derby (and of Everton) is given in the Appendix, in which it will be perceived that copyholders of those manors may "fell and sell wood and underwood." H 98 HISTORY OF EVERTON. oppose, with any hope of success, such equitable and just appropriation of reversions. The superior tenures, under which the lands of Everton are held, are those which, in common par- lance, are termed freehold, copyhold of inheritance,* and leasehold. The last-named term is limited to lands which are held under a lease, granted in 1716, by the lord (and lady) of the manor, for 1000 years. Inferior, or sub-tenures, are those of leases for lives, of various terms of time, and very many of yearly lettings. It should be generally known, and borne well in mind, that in strictness, according to the cus- tom of most manors, no copyholders of inheritance or otherwise can lease their copyholds to any under- tenant for a longer period than one year, without license being first obtained of the lord of the manor. The tenure of freehold or fee-simple is well and sufficiently known. As to the Everton freeholds, they were originally copyholds, or waste lands, enfranchised by purchase or otherwise of lords of the manor. Of the freeholds, then, and the inferior tenures of Everton, it is not intended now to treat ; but of the copyhold tenures, and those of the lease for 1000 years, notice at large will be taken. As there are many persons who have no other idea of copyhold tenures than that they are common, yet good titles, it is deemed proper to go somewhat at length into the * There are a few patches of land in Everton that are said to be held under copyhold tenure for 1000 years, such as 25, a, b, c, and d, and 34, b, and c. TENURES OF PROPERTY. 99 nature of such tenures, and of the practice of the manor court, or halmote court, of the Marquis of Salisbury: at the same time it must be distinctly understood, that what is about to be stated, has not been drawn up by one who is of the profession of the law, and therefore, though these observations may give a tolerable insight into the subject, they must not lead to any determination in nice, critical, and disputed points which may arise on copyhold ques- tions. In ordinary cases, there are no better tenures than those of copyhold ; the titles of such pass from pos- sessor to possessor, after being prepared and examined by the steward of the manor, and by the decision of a jury, whose duty it is, under the steward's guidance, to see that the surrenders which have to pass under their verdict be correct. This open, public, and clear manner of registering, or enrolling, tranfers of copyhold (be such transfers of bargain, demise, or mortgage) gives a great degree of security to such transactions. It is true, fraud may occasionally occur, and copyhold transfers be at times erroneously made $ but to such disadvantages all transfers of freeholds and leaseholds are liable, and in a higher degree than those of copyholds. A copyholder cannot mortgage his copyhold, without giving the act publicity; and this publicity is advantageous to the community, for no second, or subsequent mortgage can be taken privily; but on freeholds and leaseholds, what are 100 HISTORY OF EVERTON. termed second mortgages have been privily taken, and to the injury of second mortgagees. The law sanctions and sustains manorial customs, as to the lord and the copyholder ; but in cases where a stranger may be concerned, the law is paramount, and overrules custom : for instance, in a case, " where a copyholder leased his copyhold contrary to the custom of the manor; yet the lease was good, as to lessor and lessee, although not to the lord of the manor." — Owen 1 7. Downingham's case. But in such cases, it is presumed, the lord could levy fine on the copy- holder. Copyholders will, therefore, do well to avoid the penalty, by conforming to the customs of the court baron.* The copyholders of Everton, as has been already noticed, hold their copyholds under the lord of the manor, and to him they are bound as to suit and service, which, in reality, are but light obligations; to him, or to his representative, they have also to pay certain fixed rents, of very insignificant amount. Those rents, however, trifling as they are, ought to be paid annually and regularly; for, although they may not be demanded for a number of years by the lord's steward, they are never entirely lost sight of, and the time always arrives when, at some transfer of * In the Appendix will be found a copy of the customs of the manor of West Derby, which are also the customs of Everton ; and there also will be found copious extracts touching on manors, courts baron, copy- holds, &c. TENURES OF PROPERTY. 101 the property, those rents, together with all small items of fines and forfeitures in arrear, are demanded and paid. The main part of those fines and forfeitures arises from neglect and irregularity in the payment of rent, and from failure in attendance to perform suit and sendee ; the amount, however, of the whole sum, for rent, suit, service, fines, and forfeitures, it is again repeated, is insignificant. The appearance of the Everton copyholder is due at the lord's halmote court, once at least annually, and if not oheyed or performed, a fine is incurred, trivial, it is true, and seldom demanded, until, accu- mulating for a number of years, the whole amount of the fines becomes worthy of notice, and is, as before stated in the case of rent, demanded and paid. The custom is, for the lord of the manors of West Derby, Everton, &c., to hold a court annually by his steward, on some given day in Whitsun-week, in a small building at West Derby : this building is called the " Court-house ; " it is an old, but still strong, stone erection, and, in appearance, little better than a larger kind of cottage ; its interior is kept clean, and fitted up in the plainest manner; not a vestige of decoration or ornament, either within or without, does it possess ; nor has any attention been bestowed on its internal conveniences, beyond what the business to be transacted within its walls absolutely required ; in fine, it is more in keeping with what such places were centuries ago, than with public buildings of this age of improvement and taste. Were the lord of the 102 HISTORY OF EVERTON. manor's arms placed in some conspicuous part of the interior of the court-house, they would form an appro- priate embellishment ; and particularly so, when it is considered that coats of arms, and also copyhold courts, owe their origin to the feudal system. Separated from the main apartment of the court- house, is a small closet, in which, it is said, the records and other documents of these manors are deposited. It may be necessary to explain why the manorial affairs of Everton are transacted in the same court, and at the same time, with the business of other adja- cent manors ; the explanation will be best given in a concise quotation from an able treatise on copyhold tenures. " The court baron, as well as the customary and copyhold court, must be held within its own manor; but, if a lord be seized of two or more manors, then, by custom, courts may be held upon one for all:" — and again, it is worthy of notice, that " in ancient times the tenants were all bound to attend these courts, or suffer mulct ; nor were they allowed to sit, but were constrained to remain standing and bare- headed" The affairs, therefore, of all the manors in this vici- nage, of which the Marquis of Salisbury is the lord, are transacted together in the court-house at West Derby annually, on one set day, at Whitsuntide \ but adjournments are announced, from period to period ; and on special occasions, courts are frequently held, or, as it is termed, " courts are called" at other place and places than the court-house of West Derby. TENURES OF PROPERTY. 103 The calling of an extra or special court is resorted to, when business occurs that cannot be delayed until the regular, annual, or Whitsuntide courts are held : but it is laid down in some law books that a court baron cannot be held, until three weeks may have elapsed from the holding of a previous court baron of and for the same manor. So indifferent, or so ignorant, are many of the copy- holders of Everton, and of other places, of their liabi- lity to attend the lord of the manor's regular annual courts, that it seldom happens a sufficient number of copyholders would be likely to appear as would form a competent jury to transact the routine business, were not the bailiff to issue summonses, or invita- tions, to a certain number of copyholders, whose inclination or leisure may suffer them, without much inconvenience, to attend; and even after such pre- cautionary step has been taken, it sometimes occurs (as it did in the year 1828,*) that a jury is with difficulty formed. After the jurymen are sworn, the business of the court commences ; all the lord's copy- holders are called over by name, a service which the steward himself performs, who presides in the court as the lord's representative. The names of the copy- holders are twice called over, lest some who were absentees during the first summons, might have made their appearance before it was brought to a close. » The business of the court had not been entered upon through lack of jurymen, when casually, out of curiosity, the writer of this visited the court, — he was impressed into service, — and business progressed. 104 HISTORY OF EVEKTON. Those copyholders who appear are not fined, and many absentees make a saving in their mulct, by employing persons to pay the small demand of four- pence for each of their copyholds, as their names are called. Some other minute forms are used and ob- served, touching the lord's rights and privileges, of which it is not intended to go into details ; it may, however, be proper to notice that many, if not all, of the minor forms of this court would, in all likelihood, be neglected, and by disuse become entirely extinct, did not weightier considerations, with which they are connected, lie behind ; of which more hereafter. At the annual meeting, or holding of the lord's court, the completion of surrender and transfer is effected by the verdict of juries, touching inheritance, sale, exchange, or mortgage of copyhold property. The process consists in making a formal surrender (but which in reality is only a matter of form) by the grantor to the lord of the manor, who instanter (with- out veto) passes all premises, so surrendered, to the grantee; whereby the grantee is invested with all benefit of property so passed, under restraint only of the custom of the manor, as to suit, service, and rent, and with permission to use and employ for ever such passed property as to him, the grantee, and his suc- cessors, may seem most advantageous — working of mines for sale, only excepted. As regards working of mines, the following extract from a judge's charge to a jury, in a cause lately tried, will serve to give an insight into the law of exemption, or the lack of right TENURES OF PROPERTY. 105 in copyholders to work without license, or to their own benefit, mines which may exist even in their own copyholds. " Mines lying under most, if not all, the copyhold tenements in the north of England, belong to the lord of the manor, but the lord is obliged to make an agreement with the tenant to allow him to enter his land ; for if they come to no agreement, the minerals must remain unraised." — Stowe versus Bren- ton; Court of Bang's Bench, 26th November, 1828. It is only a just and deserved tribute of praise paid to the conduct of the present steward to the lord of the manors of West Derby, Everton, &c. — the very worthy John S. Leigh, Esq. — to say that his bland and gentlemanly manners win him the respect and esteem of every copyholder who has to attend at the manorial courts, and indeed of all with whom he has inter- course, whether in matters of business, or in the more grateful performances of the duties of the social com- pact. The copyholders of the west parts of Everton will be likely, very shortly, at each transfer of their copy- holds, to find a serious disadvantage in their liability to go through the manor-courts' customary forms ; and also, in the increased expense incurred at the calling of extra, or special courts; to which may be added other charges, in the shape of fees, &c. to the officers, jurors, &c. of such courts : nor is it a slight disadvantage that the parties bargaining cannot select their own lawyers to draw up the needful deeds, that business being invariably performed by the steward, 106 HISTORY OF EVERTON. who is always (now-a-days at least) a gentleman of the law; consequently, if any other lawyer be em- ployed, together with the steward, the fees and charges are materially enhanced. This is not of so much consideration when the transfer of property is of magnitude; but the prox- imity of Everton to Liverpool has already caused, and will hereafter much more frequently cause, many of the copyholds of Everton to be sub-divided and portioned into numberless building lots, and minute patches, all and every separately owned lot of which has to go through the same forms of transfer as the most extensive copyhold property in the township: it is therefore the interest of every copyholder to have his copyhold enfranchised ; for, at the ratio in which Liverpool is encreasing, the surface of its soil will soon be covered with edifices, or appropriated to the uses of trade and manufacture; and, as a natural consequence, Everton (and particularly its western parts) will also be covered with buildings, or parcelled out into minute subdivisions and allotments, for commercial and general purposes. A most excellent alteration of the law touching copyhold estates, was made by the legislature some few years ago : it was formerly necessary for each copy- holder to go through the form of surrendering his copyhold to the lord of the manor, to the use of his will; without such surrender, as the law stood, a testamentary bequest of any such copyholds, as those of Everton, was inutile and invalid ; therefore copyholds, so cir- TENURES OF PROPERTY. 107 cumstanced, passed into possession of the heir at law of the last seized copyholder, notwithstanding such last seized copyholder had bequeathed the copyhold to any other person. The obligation to make surrender to the use of a will, led to no other advantage than that of throwing some fees and emoluments into the hands of the officers of manor courts ; the law was, therefore, very wisely abrogated by a special act of parliament. As the law now stands, copyholders may bequeath their copy- holds as effectively as they can other lands, free from the ancient obligation of surrendering such copyholds to the use of a will. The particulars of many cases of hardship which arose, under and in consequence of the old law, might be adduced. It is only a few years since, that a gen- tleman died, leaving a valuable Everton copyhold to his niece ; but a surrender to the use of his will had not been passed, therefore the copyhold fell to his brother,* who, being an honest, honourable man, went instantly, when applied to, through the needful forms to make the copyhold the property of the individual to whom his brother had bequeathed it. The world is not virtuous enough to permit it to be said, — thus all others would have done. Having treated diffusely on the copyhold, atten- tion may be now turned to the leasehold, tenures of Everton. There are 115 acres of land, of the customary mea- * The late much respected Samuel Johnson, Esq. 108 HISTORY OF EVERTON. sure, in Everton, held under lease for 1000 years; which lease bears date 3d August, 1716, and was granted by the trustees of Lady Henrietta Maria (daughter and heiress of William George Richard, a late Earl of Derby) and her husband, Lord Ashburn- ham. As it may afford some useful information, and exhibit some curious facts, a concise history of the St. Domingo estate is presented to the reader's notice. Such procedure will also shew the progres- sive advance in the value of some of the lands of Everton during the last century, and up to the present time ; and, at the same time, some knowledge will be obtained of the nature and conditions of the lease itself. The trustees of Henrietta Maria, the wife of Lord Ashburnham, and only surviving daughter and heiress of William George Richard, a late Earl of Derby, jointly with the said Lord and Lady Ashburnham, "in consideration of the sum of £115 paid to them, did lease to J. Seacome, of Liverpool, H. Halsall, of Everton, R. Johnson, of Everton, T. Hayes, of Ever- ton, and J. Rose, of Thornton, for and on the general behalf of the copyholders of Everton, one hundred and fifteen acres of land in Everton, of the measure there used, being heretofore in three divisions, called Hang- field, Whitefield, and Netherfield, and being then parts of wastes or commons, called Breck, as far as the commons did extend themselves, to hold the said commons, &c., for the term of 1000 vears, under the TENURES OF PROPERTY. 109 yearly rent of £5 15s., payable to the said trustees, their heirs, &c., during the said term." In an indenture, dated 28th July, 1724, it is set forth, that the several owners and proprietors (lessees and copyholders) of the before-named lands had separated and divided their several parts, and upon such partition, H. Halsall had apportioned to his share 25A. 2R. 26p.* of land; the land is described at large in this indenture, which identifies some of the share appropriated to H. Halsall, as the land which afterwards became the St. Domingo estate. Mr. Halsall' s family remained in possession of this land until 23d August, 1757, at which time his family sold some of it to a merchant of Liverpool, named George Campbell ; on the 2d February, 1 758, Mr. Campbell purchased other land from the afore- named J. Seacome. The lands thus purchased lay contiguous to each other, and Mr. Campbell, after erecting sundry buildings, and otherwise much im- proving the property, gave the name of St. Domingo to the consolidated estate. In the year 1770 (Mr. Campbell being dead), a Mr. John Crosbie, also a merchant of Liverpool, con- tracted to purchase the St. Domingo estate for £3800, and paid down about £680 in part, or as earnest, of the purchase; but Mr. Crosbie became a bankrupt, and his assignees offered his interest in the St. Domingo estate for sale, at the Pontack's Inn, in Liverpool, but no bidder appeared. There being no * In some documents it is stated that II. Halsall's share was 26A.OR. 19p. 110 HISTORY OF EVERTON. chance of profit likely to accrue to Mr. Crosbie's creditors from the bargain touching the St. Domingo estate, the premises were conveyed over, on the terms at which Mr. Crosbie had purchased them, unto Messrs. Gregson, Bridge, and Parke, of Liverpool, who, in addition to the £680 paid as earnest money by Mr. Crosbie, paid £3449 17s., making £4129 17s. — that is to say, £3800 for the purchase, and £329 17s. for interest remaining unpaid, as was stipulated in the contract. In the conveyance to Messrs. Gregson and Co., the lands of the St. Domingo estate are stated to be 13A. 3R. IP. of the large measure, eight yards to the perch or pole. On the 2d February, 1773, Messrs. Gregson and Co. sold the St. Domingo estate to the late John Sparling, Esq., a merchant of Liverpool, for £3470, and the estate remained in Mr. Sparling's possession to the time of his decease, which took place in the year 1800. There are some remarkable passages relative to this St. Domingo estate in the late Mr. Sparling's will ; one of which is a clause, that forbade his heirs to let or dispose of the St. Domingo property for any period beyond the term of seven years. This restric- tion did not meet the views of his heirs, and, in con- sequence of general and unanimous agreement among themselves, application was made to parliament 50th George III., 18th April, 1810, and a bill was obtained, to empower certain trustees to dispose of the St. Domingo estate : the trustees were, however, bound TENURES OF PROPERTY. Ill by clauses of the said act, to lay out the proceeds of the sale of the said estate in some secure way, so as to answer all the trusts of the late Mr. Sparling's will. When application was made to parliament for permission to sell the St. Domingo estate, it was stated to the legislature, that although certain pur- chasers had offered to give £20,000 for the estate, yet the entire rental was only £395 10s. ^ annum. In the year 1811, the trustees, under the power granted to them by the said act of parliament, sold the St. Domingo estate, in parts, to William Peat Litt, Esq. and to William Ewart, Esq., for £20,295 ; in the same year, however, Mr. Ewart became the sole proprietor; and on the 13th September, 1812, he sold the whole estate to the commissioners for the affairs of barracks for £26,383 6s. 8d. subject to 14s. 9d. $- annum, the proportion of lord's rent. »;)'*' The estate remained in the possession of government for some time, but the 57th Geo. III., chap. 9, em- powered the commissioners for the affairs of barracks, if they deemed it needful, to dispose of lands previ- ously purchased for the barrack department. In consequence of that authority, the St. Domingo estate was put up to sale, but as no purchasers appeared, the property was divided into several lots, many of which have been sold.* There is reason to suppose the barrack department will not be gainers in the transaction, touching the * The whole has been sold— 1829. 112 HISTORY OF EVERTON. purchase and sale of the St. Domingo estate; but there have been many untoward circumstances, too numerous to bring forward, which have tended to depreciate the property, the causes of which, however, have been latterly, and are still, gradually diminish- ing, nay, it may be stated, have now pretty nearly, if not altogether ceased. To adduce full proof of such amendment in the value of the St. Domingo land, it may be only needful to state that some land, which once belonged to the St. Domingo estate (a part, too, of the 115 acres before-named), was sold, the day previous to the penning of this paragraph, in building lots, at 14s. $• square yard, or, in other words, at £3388 the statute acre — a wonderful con- trast to the value of the same land in the year 1716, which was then only 20s. money down, and Is. $• annum chief rent, $• acre. There are some circumstances connected with the above-named lease for 1000 years, which are worthy to be known, and therefore the following brief outline of its history is given. In the year 1714, the copyholders of Everton, being desirous of enclosing and improving the commons, or lands which lay waste in their township, applied to the lord (or lady) of the manor, to have the said lands leased to them for a certain long period of years; and their request being favourably received, a contract was entered into by and between the said lord of the manor, together with the trustees of his lady, and a deputation of the said copyholders of TENURES OF PROPERTY. 113 Everton; the conditions of which contract were effected and completed to the satisfaction of both the contracting parties, on the 3d August, 1716, — on which day a lease of 115 acres of the said lands, for 1000 years, was formally executed; the particulars of which have heen already given in the preceding pages of this work. Soon after procuring the said lease, the copyholders of Everton proceeded to divide and apportion the lands so leased among themselves ; all the copyholders having allotted unto them a proportion of the leased lands according to the extent of their respective copy- holds ; and it is worthy of remark, that the full mea- surement of their aggregate copyholds differed but little in the whole extent from that of the measure of the commons or waste lands which were leased for 1000 years, in the year 1716; so that all the copyholders doubled their possessions at Everton, at a cost to each of them on their respective proportions of £1 $• acre, money down, and a liability to pay Is. per acre per annum, during the whole term — the whole being also liable to 13s. 4d. per annum, the ancient rent paid on the commons. It may be as well to state that, by an excellent recent arrangement, the aforesaid lord's rent, and also the 13s. 4d. per annum, is raised by and paid out of the rent of a cottage, which was erected a few years ago, together with a pinfold adjoining, on a waste spot of land near the border or bank at the north-east corner of the mere, or public watering-place. ' i . 114 HISTORY OF EVERTON. As the copyholders of Everton were proceeding in the division of the lands, leased as aforesaid for 1000 years, it was discovered by the people of West Derby, that a portion thereof, in extent about 16 acres, was part of a common or waste of West Derby, to which the copyholders of West Derby laid claim. After divers disputes and debates, certain articles were agreed on (which may be found in the Appendix), by which Everton gave to West Derby 5J acres in land, and paid £20 per acre for 11 acres, which the tenants of Everton had enclosed, agreeable to the division of the lands of the said lease. But although the tenants (or rather the copyholders) of Everton at large, bought from the people of West Derby the advantages of the said 11 acres of land, for and during the term of 1000 years, the said 11 acres were left under the jurisdiction of West Derby ; and to that township they are still amenable, in regard to tithes, taxes, &c. West Derby has continued to pay unto Everton 5s.* annually, which sum is the lord's rent, on the 5^ acres of land which were ceded, in land, to West Derby, and which 5^ acres are part of and included in the said lease of 1000 years — Everton being bound by the stipulations of that lease, for the entire duration of its term, to pay the whole chief rent. The original lease, together with the articles of agreement between the copyholders themselves, and other documents relative to this material matter touch- * Should be 5s. l^d. annually. TENURES OF PROPERTY. 115 ing the tenures of Everton, — the lease for 1000 years, — may be found in the chest of the township, where they are carefully preserved. Copies of some of those documents will be found in the Appendix to this work. Transfer-titles to this leasehold property are made in the usual way of conveying leaseholds, free from the forms and customs of a court baron. Fancy loves to take long looks through time's tele- scope ; and it is certainly a spying far into futurity, to anticipate the probable state of Everton 886 years hence : but if Liverpool continue to progress as now, and should rival London in endurance and extent, what a valuable estate will the reversionary inheritor have of the lands in Everton, when the lease expires ! Upwards of 200 statute acres of Everton land, it is probable, will then be closely and compactly covered with buildings, of a town-like character, and will yield an immense revenue to the heir or heirs of some fortunate family. SECTION VI. A SKETCH OF THE MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND HABITS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT INHABITANTS OF EVERTON; AND OF THEIR RECREATIVE AND OTHER EMPLOYMENTS. READERS of the present day may deem this section prolix, but if the fragile materials of which it is com- posed should attain a good round age, the minutia will be acceptable to people who may then exist. Let it be asked, if a minute record of the manners and customs of centuries ago would not be acceptable and valuable to ourselves ? Taken, then, in this point of view, it ought to stand excused; at all events, the risk is incurred, in the hope that the censure of the living may be slight, and the record prove satisfactory and useful to those who are as yet in embryo. Rude and barbarous were the manners and customs of the aborigines of Everton ; but of the names and nature of their amusements, pastimes, and general employments, nothing is now known ; nor can any thing be satisfactorily gathered of their particular habits, customs, and recreative employments during A SKETCH. 117 the heptarchy, or even for many centuries after that hydra-headed government ceased to rule over the people of England ; nor can much be related (at least with certainty or explicitness,) of their manners and recreations, from the dissolution of the heptarchy down to and during the seventeenth century; for nothing has been discovered in the archives of the township which bears on these points. The recollections of the oldest now living only serve to shew the usages of their own times, with a smattering of what had reached their ears in their younger days, of the particular practices of their immediate progenitors. Some seventy or eighty years ago, all the inhabi- tants of Everton were plain people, owners and tillers of land, mixed occasionally with affluent and other settlers, who, with their families, had retired from trade, to rusticate, and enjoy themselves at ease, in the salubrious air, the rural scenery, and the then unsophisticated society of Everton. In those days, the upper classes were little removed, either in man- ners or mode of life, from the middling, or even the humblest class of beings which then resided in the township : the main difference between the aristocrats and plebeians lay in the former being exonerated from labour, whilst the latter were necessitated to undergo its fatigues. The table of the wealthy aristocrat was daily furnished with a cup of nut-brown, home-brewed ale ; whilst that of the labourer and small sub-tenant was seldom graced with other beverage than what the dairy, the pump, or the well afforded. In those days, 118 HISTORY OF EVERTON. the public houses were open to, and visited by, all ranks; yet the working-man's visits were then, in general, " few and far between ; " but the landowners, and other opulent persons, seldom suffered a night to pass without congregating at one or both of the public- houses of the township. It is true that in those days, as now, there were some inveterate sots among the lower orders, who would entrench themselves in the midst of the pewter-pots of an alehouse, and remain drinking whilst a maravedi was left in their pouches, and until the little reason they once possessed was for a time destroyed. To preach against such prac- tices would be about as wise as the attempt to raise the voice to an audible pitch during a thunder-storm. The result of a night's debauch with the old lords of the soil of Everton, was seldom more than a next- morning-qualm, or muddled head; and, like old Toby Philpot, they fared well daily, gradually grew fat, and could afford to be prodigal, both of money and time ; but a poor man was constantly taught that he could not afford to waste either. It may serve as a specimen of the manners, and of the mental attainments, of the highest class of society at Everton, some eighty years ago, to give a descrip- tive outline of some occurrences which took place at an evening meeting of the nobles of the township, mixed with some of their boon companions of Liver- pool, held at a public-house, which in those days stood near the late beacon. The fumes of tobacco, ale, and taciturnity were, at most times, the principal com- A SKETCH. 119 modities to be met with at these meetings : it chanced however, one day, that a certain Thomas o'th H 's became inspired with a flow of eloquence ; the sub- ject is immaterial, the speech itself being lost to posterity, for, at the epoch of these events, reporting had not been invented; the force, pith, marrow, and classical beauties of Thomas o'th H 's speech are, consequently, buried in tlie sea of oblivion. In the heat and energy of his peroration, the eloquent Thomas o'th H 's, unfortunately advanced an assertion which, by some of his auditors, was deemed a sin against veracity. Now, in the days here alluded to, the English language was generally spoken at Everton in a plain and unadorned manner ; contra- diction had not then been taught politeness, negation was in a natural state, and diiference in opinion was of a sturdy, knock-' em-down character; the modern reader, therefore, must neither be shocked nor sur- prised at what follows. One William Ripley, who was an eminent grocer of Liverpool, rose to reply to the rare and erudite eloquence of Thomas o'th H 's ; Ripley's oratory was almost altogether confined to that class or style of speechifying termed monosyllabic. Having fairly steadied himself on his legs, Ripley, with elegance and energy, addressed the last speaker thus ; " Thou liest ! " and thereupon sat down, amidst thunders of laudatory ejaculations, uttered in the pure phraseology of the times. Ripley, however, was not permitted to feast long 120 HISTORY OF EVERTON. on the honey of popular applause -, for one Win. JR., a legitimate legislator of Everton, speedily arose from his seat, on the anti-Ripley bench, and after sundry ineffectual attempts to stifle and subdue a vile and impertinent hiccup, at length assumed a wise look, and delivered himself of two or three portentous puffs ; in due time, too, his eloquence arose through certain guttural passages to the root of his tongue, and thence rushing to its tip, thus questioned the bold and evidently self-satisfied Ripley. " Dus ta' ca' Tummus o'th H 's a liar?" "Aye," replied the valiant Ripley. Then, foaming with fury, and almost choked with the posse of angry words which -his exasperated brain thrust, pell-mell, into his throat, the doughty adversary of the still undaunted Ripley in " terrific silence stood : " at length, a few emphatic hems disentangled the sentences wliich had most unceremoniously jostled together in his wind- pipe, and one of them escaped, embodied in a roar of which a bull would not have been ashamed, bellowing in the ears of the now half-frighted Ripley, " Then thou'rt a bear ! " Plaudit on plaudit followed, to reward this elegant home-thrust specimen of rhetoric. The late bold Ripley quailed under the fulmination, and for some time sat crest-fallen, whilst, to conceal his fears and feelings of discomfiture, he buried his features under a cloud wliich he had created by sharp and successive whiffs of his pipe, and, like many other discomfited heroes, made frequent applications to his friendly cup A SKETCH. 121 for consolation. After these, and such like occasional bursts of elegant eloquence, the nobles of Everton would again bury themselves in the luxurious fumes of tobacco, and in Utopian dreams, which ever and anon arose in their abstract fits of taciturnity, would thus remain until the hour arrived for each to depart to his respective home. But, occasionally, the old nobles of Everton recreated themselves with cards, principally playing the game of brag ; at which game, some of them have been known to sit, waning against cankered care, and cheating old father Time, for three entire and successive days and nights; feeding by snatches, and keeping their lower limbs warm by suffering the cinders to spread and arise in heaps around them, in which they embedded their legs, as rumour says, nearly knee-deep. Can modern card- playing match this ? — it can — it does, and far beyond it; that is, in consequences and detrimental results; a few minutes now spent in Everton at card-playing causes many a guinea to change masters; whereas our homely, honest old lords seldom, if ever, rose from the hardest of their carding campaigns the gainers or losers of more than a few shillings, or even pence. Although the nobles of Everton occasionally in- dulged in the game of brag, yet, eighty years ago, cards were little known, and but seldom played, save indeed at Christmas time, and perchance by a few dowagers and old maids at some rare and ceremonious times of assembling together ; but visits of ceremony 122 HISTORY OF EVERTON. were infrequent, whilst those of festivity were strictly periodical — always at Christinas, and occasionally at other holiday seasons. The females of those good, old, by-gone days, constantly busied themselves with domestic duties, and the men with out-door affairs : mothers then reared their daughters more for use than for shew; and the fingers of the richest youthful females of the township were more accustomed to pudding-making than pianoforteising ; to plain sewing, than to the now fashionable employments of embroidering and toy-making : lasses, then, had the rudiments of learning engrafted on their minds ; the Bible, and perchance a ballad, were nearly the extent of their reading; writing was seldom called for or practised; as to arithmetic, they seldom found it needful to know more of it than " how many blue beans make Jive." And yet, with what would now be called a lamen- table lack of learning (as without dispute it certainly maybe deemed), the lasses of Everton, in olden times, made excellent wives, and were exemplary mothers ; to state that they were good Aowse-wives might, in these highly civilized days, be considered as only equivocally meritorious, — but the man who wishes to enjoy real domestic happiness, will select a partner of this kind, in preference to an accomplished bas- bleu. In those days, the lasses of Everton were diamonds, pure from the mine, capable of receiving higher polish, it is true, but not the less intrinsically valuable for being only set in the "mould of nature:" A SKETCH. 123 happy was the man who became possessed of those natural diamonds, for it was generally in his power to give to them the hue and polish his heart desired. As to the young men of Everton, they were indeed insufficiently instructed; for even the better orders knew little of books in general, and of the belles lettres they were profoundly ignorant. Times are, however, much altered, " learning now lies in every one's way, and every one may find it ; " — time must shew which extreme will be most to the advantage of society. There is a calm, smooth, conscience-soothing feeling constantly reposing on the minds of all who live as did the good people of Everton during the period now alluded to; it was then the practice to go to bed with the sun, and to rise with or before him : from the roosting time of the feathered tribe, until chanticleer strained his pipe in the morn, peace and silence held undisturbed sway in the township : devoid of care, and scarcely knowing guilt, even by name, the worthy inhabitants of Everton then reposed in quiet and safety, daily arising from refreshing slumbers, hale and hearty, to perform their diurnal duties. Let it not be imagined, however, that the people of Everton in those so highly lauded days, were all immaculate — no such thing; but to the majority of them this picture of almost primitive character and purity belongs : there were a few black sheep in the township ; and Bacchus could then, as well as now, command a small company of 124 HISTORY OF EVERTON. votaries. During the winters of the olden time, the cheerful fire-sides of Everton were generally sur- rounded by the happy individuals of their respective families, and often augmented by the presence of neighbours and friends ; it was then that the needle and distaff were sedulously plied by the females, and the old men smoked their pipes, whilst most of the young men sat mum-chanting, as it is emphatically called, or, in plain English, somewhat sillily-silent; not feeling bold enough, in the presence of their elders, to advance an opinion, but reserving their ideas for the days when they should be called upon to play their pails as masters of families : but they were not all of this taciturn cast, for some smart natural sayings and sprinklings of genuine mother wit would occasionally escape their lips ; love, too, would sometimes inspire them with eloquence, and in practical courtship they went far beyond the youth of the present day; romping matches, burglarious depredations on the attire, and felonious attacks on the lasses' lips, were much more frequent than now; that is, such things were practised in the full view and observance of the world, whilst in these days, it is to be feared, many a deep design is gilt over with a shew of decorum. In the olden time, virtue had scarcely ever to lament the loss of an Everton handmaiden, and neither stigma nor stain has rumour cast on the fame and reputation of any native daughter of the township; at all events, no croaking collector of scandal has as yet whispered it into the ears of the A SKETCH. 125 compiler of this treatise, where every tale of vice, which has been deposited, shall remain hidden and entombed. No record or tradition avers that any Thais was bom at Everton, though the township's books are sullied with charges of female frailties ; but they are those of stranger domestics, aliens, or tem- porary sojourners. Sunday was strictly observed as a /io/y-day ; to travel on business, or to take pleasure- able excursions, on that day, was considered sinful; such undertakings were therefore never entered upon, and indeed not even thought of, by the late genera- tions of the inhabitants of Everton. To honour the day, by decorating themselves in their best apparel ; to go regularly twice, if not oftener, to church; to take their moderate and sober meals in quiet and thankfulness; and to fill up the portions of time, not devoted to piety and prayer, with pleasant, salu- brious walks, in their gardens, meadows, and high- roads, or, when in doors, seated in conclave, or alone, consulting that holy book, the Bible ; — such were the Sabbath-day employments of a great majority of the unsophisticated beings who dwelt in Everton seventy or eighty years ago. People of the present day may deem the manners and employments of their predecessors to have been vulgar and tame, and may stigmatize the good old mode of passing through life, as one dull round of sameness ; but such sameness was as beneficial, and conducive to morality, as are sober and refreshing draughts of pure water to the physical system. But 126 HISTORY OF EVERTON. where is the pastoral population of Everton uow? Where are its robust, hardy, and healthy children of agriculture — its hale, vigorous, cheerful young men — its neat, yet plainly attired, artless, blushing, ruddy, merry maidens ? — gone — all gone ! Many of them are removed by death, some are converted into other things by fashion, and a few, perhaps, are sojourners in other lands. Together with the face of the soil, the manners, customs, habits, employments, and amusements of the people of Everton have become wonderfully changed, almost to the very reverse of former usages. Their sports and amusements during the early and middle parts of the last century, were similar to those in which the people of the county at large indulged. The fair sex had then few exclusive amusements; and as to the sports and plays of the younger females, tradition only speaks of such as my lady-queen-ann, chuck-kernels, or five-stones, and a few other such like games, in which female children used to engage at their parents' thresholds, or on a sunny bank, un- mixed with the other sex. But women grown had scarcely any amusement in which they indulged themselves, distinct from family society. Boys diverted themselves with the usual varieties of spontaneous mischief, and, at fixed times and seasons, indulged in the games of hoops, tops, mar- bles, balls, kites, pop-guns, &c. ; as they approached toward manhood, they took pleasure in congregating together in large bodies, to engage in the games A SKETCH. 127 of prison-bar, quoits, leap-frog, foot-and-a-half, and bandy ; and when they arrived at the full plenitude of strength, they would betake themselves to wres- tling, cudgel-playing, and hurling, or play at football, skittles, pitch-and-hustle, cross-and-pile, &c. How- ever vulgar such pastimes as publicly grinning through a horse-collar, running races in sacks, and eating scalding-hot porridge, may now be deemed, such things have been known to take place in the township, and very frequently on the borders of Everton. These and such like sports afforded high gratification to the beholders of those days, and to some who were not of the lower orders, for many a young and wealthy heiress, and many a rich, hopeful heir might, eighty years ago, have been found in the crowd of spectators at such sports. Mummers and morris-dancers were much in vogue $ both sexes would sometimes mingle in the "mum- mer's merry mazes;" but, to the credit of the fair sex of Everton be it recorded, the female characters, required in mummer-performances, were generally enacted by individuals of the other sex, decorated in grotesque attire. The performers, on such occa- sions, wore masks, under cover of which a licence would be frequently taken to proceed beyond the boundaries of modesty and decorum. The barbarous, but now nearly exploded practices (ci-devant amuse- ments) of bull and bear-beating, were greatly encou- raged and indulged in by our ancestors : the still 128 HISTORY OF EVERTON. more cruel pastime (horrid misnomer !) of cock- fighting, was a favourite and frequently-recurring practice j especially at Shrovetide, when poor chan- ticleer was doomed to be the victim of double cruelty, being not only frequently fought, but also tied to stakes, and cast at with clubs, for a certain sum given at each throw. Mischievous urchins existed in those days, who, in the fitting seasons (as is still their practice), warred against the feathered tribe, with trap, net, and bird- lime; eggs and young birds were sought for by them with avidity, and wantonly and cruelly sacri- ficed. All kinds of game were followed by sportsmen, who with the hound run down prey, and with the gun committed havoc dire, amongst both the feathered and the furry tribes. From youthhood to mature age, the sports of angling were enjoyed ; but meagre were the spoils the township afforded within itself, to the huntsman or piscator. The hazle coppices were visited, at proper seasons, by the youth of both sexes ; and not ^infrequently would single pairs, when " going a nutting," take the opportunity to seat themselves under the hazle-bush, and there sigh, say, and listen to fond amorous tales. Bonfires were annually ignited, at Everton, on each 5th of November, from the time of Guy Faux until some twenty years ago, when the practice was discontinued by order of the magistrates. The prin- A SKETCH. cipal bonfire was .that which annually blazed in the open space of ground that was, in old times, almost opposite to the ancient town's smithy : the place is not distant more than fifty yards north-north-east of the present coffee-house, and is at the same distance in the east from the plot of land on the slope of the Brow, now enclosed with stone work and handsome iron railing, in the midst of which plot stands a diminutive stone-jug — the Everton bridewell. Fun and frolic, mirth and mischief, were as " busy as bees," on the bonfire nights, at Everton : all classes flocked around the bright blaze : crack! crack! in the lasses' ears went many a ball-less discharge from pistol and gun; serpents hissed along, and singed the hem of many a petticoat; and oft were heard repeated screams, partly feigned, after rapid dis- charges of the dancing crackers. Then the Everton lads, aye, and many of the lasses too, enjoyed them- selves at the pic-nic feast of many choice tid-bits, brought to be devoured at the bonfire's cheerful border, whilst in the embers they roasted that essen- tial root — the potatoe ; nor were the modicums of beer absent from the table which mother earth libe- rally furnished. For a long succession of years, the night of the 5th of November was considered and held as a period of enjoyment and jollity ; and there is still living in the township a very worthy and respectable personage,* who loves to tell, somewhat boastingly, that he was for many successive years * Mr. James Holmes. K 130 HISTORY OF EVERTON. the captain of the Everton bonfire. It is seen in the town's books, that for a long succession of years a sum of from Is. to 3s. was regularly and annually given " to the lads on the 5th November." In the town's accounts, a charge of the sum given has always (when paid to the bonfire-lads} been passed at the meeting as a regular matter : the practice of thus giving the lads the town's money for bonfires seems to have been discontinued since the year 1811, that year being the last in which such charge is made. In the year 1806, 5s. was given to the lads, instead of a bonfire. To delineate the gradual change from primitive, pastoral manners, to those of the present day, would be a minute, trite, and superfluous task ; it is better, then, to strike into a brief descriptive account of the customs, habits, and employments of the existing in- habitants of Everton. Much as the surface of the soil and general appearance of the township have been altered, they are not more changed than the modern usages and habits of its present society differ from those of ancient times. The hind and labouring husbandman have now but little agricultural employment at Everton; this class of labourers having become jacks-of-all-trades, performing the tasks of gardeners, valets, road- repairers, and jobbers, — in short, thorough-paced jour- neymen of all work ; whilst the wives and daughters of these labourers are washers and manglers of linen, managers of petty shops, and domestic drudges. The A SKETCH. 131 majority of the labourers of Everton are industrious, honest, sober, and faithful; but, as is the case in most places, some may be found who are too fond of paying their devoirs at the shrine of Bacchus. The lower orders of Everton have recently had a great accession to their number, by the settlement in the township of many labouring persons, who reside on the borders and parts of Everton which approximate to and join Liverpool ; they are altogether a new class of beings in the township, nothing at all re- moved in their habits and employments from those of the lower and working classes of all large towns. There are now many trades-people establishing themselves at Everton — deserving, useful classes of people ; and there are also some few establishments of small dealers and shopkeepers, whose stores afford great accommodation, inasmuch as they satisfy many wants which otherwise must have been supplied at Liverpool ; but there is not, as yet, one shop of eminence in Everton. A number of persons engaged in the minor de- partments of commerce, and some mercantile and professional clerks, reside at Everton ; some of whom only make it their place of lodging, others take a hasty stride home to their meals, and at night again delightedly repair to their wives and families. Per- sons thus circumstanced can only, on Sabbath-days or superior holidays, spend an entire day in full domestic unity and sociality. Ascending on the scale of society, the merchant 132 HISTORY OF EVERTON. must have the next place here. Many of these reside at Everton, some of whom carry on business in a humble way, and within moderate limits, whilst others are extensive traders, whose affairs are of mighty magnitude. It is to be understood, however, that the merchants who reside at Everton are almost, without a single exception, merchants of Liverpool, but who have chosen Everton as a most desirable place of residence for themselves and families. It is this class of persons, principally, that has made Everton what it is ; their wealth and attention have transformed a spot which, not long ago, was little better than an unsightly common — a neglected waste — into a modern Arcadia, not so productive, perhaps, as was Arcadia of old, yet little inferior in beauty and salubrity to that highly extolled region of antiquity. The merchants residing at Everton at the present time, may be seen " plodding their anxious way," from their mansions to their offices, at all times between the hours of eight and eleven in the morning of every day, but that of the Sabbath. The greater part of these gentlemen usually walk to town, al- though there are but few of them who do not keep either two or four-wheeled carriages, of some struc- ture or other, from the light gig to the gorgeous heavy-bodied coach. Many keep two or more of such carriages ; but not any persons, at present residing at Everton, run their carriages with four horses, except indeed upon casual and very rare A SKETCH. 133 occasions. The practice of the gentry of Everton walking to town is as conducive to their own health as convenient and agreeable to their families, the carriages heing at liberty to take them on excursions of business or pleasure, or to visit the shrines of fashion, or to leave their cards-of-compliment at the doors of their acquaintance and — the word will some- times apply — friends. The dinner-hour of the gentry at Everton is seldom much before five in the afternoon, and often later; there are some few persons, however, and who rank high in their line of transactions, that dine at the unfashionable hour of one or two. Many respectable individuals take their dinner about the hour of three; these are principally such as have retired from business, or who are otherwise independent. It is the custom of those who are engaged in commmercial pursuits, and who dine at the earlier hours, to return to business after dinner; but they .who take late dinners seldom visit Liverpool in the evening, unless it be to join a private party of pleasure, or to attend a concert, or the theatre. On a par with the chief merchants may be placed several eminent brokers, who also reside at Everton, whose talent, industry, and wealth approach near to an equality with those of their great mercantile neigh- bours. The clergy, medical men, and lawyers of Everton are few in number, but highly respectable in their respective spheres, exemplary in their con- duct, regular and indefatigable in the performance of 134 HISTORY OF EVERTON. their respective duties, and truly useful in their avoca- tions ; nor need any exception be made to this well- merited eulogy on their character. There are not any family of nobility, at this time, residing at Ever- ton ; Prince Rupert, and Prince William (now Duke) of Gloucester, are the only personages of royal blood that have been known to make Everton their tempo- rary place of abode. The manners of the greater part of the higher and of the middle classes of Everton are bland, courteous, and polished ; and even those of the lower grades are much improved, and are making some approaches to civilization. As to the middle classes of society, their manners and conduct are characteristically stamped with sound sense and decorum ; in their general inter- course with their neighbours, they are hospitable and friendly ; and in their personal appearance, neatness and comfort are most becomingly blended together: as to ' their internal arrangements, they might be almost termed essays in cleanness, order, and even, elegance; and their domestic economy is regulated on a scale which enables them to provide most satis- torily all that their own wants and comforts require ; to entertain their friends respectably, and even sump- tuously ; and to perform deeds of general benevolence and charity. If the term amusements be taken strictly, and in its literal sense, the people of Everton may be said to have enjoyed but a very limited share, either in times past, or at the present day; but there are certain A SKETCH. 135 ways of employing time, which are recreative and refreshing to body and mind, although mirth may not at such times mix with our modes and moods : the acceptation of the term amusements is therefore, in this context, to be considered, and to have allowed unto it, as general and diffuse a meaning as our language will afford. At the present day, retirement from the bustle of trade, to enjoy social and domestic pleasures, seems to be the ne plus ultra of the enjoyments of the people of Everton ; and latterly, a sober, not to say sombre shade, has been cast over the social manners and con- duct of a great part of the inhabitants of the township, many of whom have become as systematic, uniform, and regular in plainly attiring their persons, and in their regularity of attending to pious duties, as are the fraternities or sects termed Methodists and Friends. Of the amusements of the lower classes of Everton, little can be said, for little or none do they enjoy. A spirit has lately arisen in the land, that has instigated the magistracy, and other high and influential persons, to curb, restrain, and almost absolutely forbid, the lowly and humble of society from indulging in any pastimes whatever. Everton was never known to hold fairs or wakes, or such like merry-makings, within its own limits ; but in the neighbouring townships, at certain fixed periods, such meetings were frequently held, and at most of such merry-makings, the lads and lasses of Everton seldom failed to attend. For a great number of years it was the custom and practice 136 HISTORY OF EVERTON. of the common people of Liverpool and its vicinage to assemble annually, at Easter-tide, to recreate them- selves at a place called Folly-field — a field in Liver- pool, and which adjoined the south border of Ever- tOn. The magistrates of Liverpool have, however, t( quashed the custom; " for, in the year 1819, Folly- fair Easter-meeting was forbidden to be held ; and never since that time have the people assembled to enjoy themselves in that quarter. To Folly-fair the common people of Everton cer- tainly went; but owing, as it was said, to its licentious- ness, it was abolished, and is now almost forgotten, although a dozen years have not passed away since it was at the height of its notoriety. The Folly was near the confines of Everton, and, therefore, it is deemed reconcileable to the plan and object of this treatise to introduce the following extract from, a letter, written by an elderly gentleman, and which was intended for insertion in a Liverpool newspaper; but the contribution was not sent, nor has it been published until now. " The Folly was a low building, with a few rooms for the family, and two or three small ones for the accommodation of the public on the ground floor ; at the west end there was a large tower, and from the erection of this part, the place got the name of * Folly ' — the inhabitants of the neighbourhood sup- posing the proprietor to be a simpleton. R " The site of the Folly was near the south entrance to St. Anne's-street ; the building had a narrow A SKETCH. 137 passage, which led to it from a (then) dirty lane, that ran towards Derby — the same road, hut now much improved and widened, is called Upper- Islington. " The Folly was noted for delicious cakes and choice ale, and forms were placed in the court or fronfrground, for the accommodation of guests. " This house was much frequented on Sunday evenings and on holidays, and more particularly about the time of Easter, for at that season a beverage was brewed at the Folly, composed of ale enriched with spices, called braggot, and the holiday-folk flocked from Liverpool town to quaff this their favourite beverage : many of the guests seated them- selves on the top of the Folly, from whence they enjoyed a most charming prospect of Liverpool, Everton, and the river Mersey. " The Folly was taken down, and there was not any assemblages of persons in that neighbourhood for some years afterwards, except indeed the walks and airings taken by young persons on holidays, and particularly at Easter-tide, when the season frequently tempted them in crowds to creep toward the country ; many youngsters, too, at that season flocked to the open grounds, near the site of the old Folly, to play at trap, &c. &c., and to indulge in many such like harmless amusements. " It was not until some public-houses were opened on the road near to where the Folly stood, that the people again resorted to that neighbourhood to drink 138 HISTORY OF EVERTON. and make merry at Easter-tide ; and then first arose the name of Folly-fair. " From these last named meetings originated the present licentious and immoral practices that now annually take place on the roads leading from Liver- pool to Derby and Low-hill ; and the magistrates are highly to be commended for endeavouring to suppress the disorderly, riotous proceedings which now dis- grace that neighbourhood; proceedings that bear no resemblance to the original quiet and well regulated practices that were wont to be followed at the ancient house of entertainment, called the Folly." From time immemorial wakes have been and still are annually held at West Derby ; it would appear, however, that neither now nor formerly have they been much frequented by the people of Everton. Rude and rough are the sports at Derby wakes, bull- baiting, and other cruel practices, having formed the chief amusements; for many years it was the custom to drive a bull from these wakes into the streets of Liverpool, until a most audacious set of revellers actually drove one of the baited Derby bulls into a box of the theatre, in Williamson-square ; the act, however, proved so obnoxious to the people of Liverpool, as to cause them to apply to the magis- trates, who at once put a stop to the practice of bring- ing the bulls from Derby wakes into the town's crowded streets. Occasionally the common people are indulged with a sight-seeing occurrence at Everton ; but they are so A SKETCH. 139 near the tempting allurements of Liverpool, that the lack of places of amusement is not heeded. The rural dance is now obsolete; indeed, at this day, there is scarcely a vestige left of rural pastime, or pastoral recreation, in all Everton. The sports, amusements, and employments of the upper and middle classes of society, now residing at Everton, are so similar, that it may be allowed to treat of them under the same head. As already stated, society has, of late, assumed a sombre character at Everton; numbers of its residents spending a great part of their leisure time in conversational intercourse, not only with their living neighbours and acquaintance, but with their inanimate, yet not less sincere friends, their books. A book society has been formed, upon principles, and under regulations, which give it a useful effect, with the least possible pecuniary outlay; indeed it may be said, that the highest class of amusement, blended with the advantages to be derived from the expansion of knowledge, and the general cultivation of the mental faculties, is purchased by the members of the Everton book society in the most economical manner, that of a public library excepted, — which Everton does not, at present, possess ; but in good time, there is little doubt, this want will be supplied. Unless the male gentry travel to some distance from their own township, they will have little chance of enjoying what are called field sports, for there are scarcely any foxes or hares, and little or none of any 140 HISTORY OF EVERTON. kind of feathered game, to be met with in Everton's entire township. Nor are there in Everton any lakes, rivers, or rivulets, or other waters worthy to cast a net or line into ; there are indeed a few ponds, some of which perhaps are stored indifferently with small fish, but even such may only be found in private gardens and pleasure grounds, and are consequently, in the strictest sense of the word, preserved. Archery has occasionally been practised as a pastime, both by the young and by adults, at Everton, where associations of archers have been formed, composed of the gentry and their neighbours ; but the spirit that originated such associations has ever proved feeble and short-lived. . The gentry of Everton have frequently evinced a disposition to make a display of fire-works ; but no exhibitions worthy of record have resulted from their efforts; and even those few public displays of the pyrotechnic art which have taken place, within the last few years, proved little other than mere "flashes in the pan." For a long period previous to the year 1814 there had not been a bowling-green in the township, when James Atherton, Esq., attached one to a large com- modious edifice near to the church. When that .edifice was first occupied, it was a house of public entertainment, known by the name of "St. George's Hotel;" and to that hotel the bowling-green was attached, until the former was converted into a board- ing-school, in the year 1822, and the bowling-green A SKETCH. 141 became the play-ground of the pupils. Thus deprived of the place in which the Evertonians had been wont to recreate themselves, a number of respectable per- sons, in the year 1822, established by subscription the present bowling-green, which is at the east part of a spot or locality marked 19, i, on the map, at a little distance due west of the mere. It is said that there were other bowling-greens at Everton formerly -, but if so, it would appear that they proved neither attrac- tive nor profitable : the present subscription bowling- green, however, promises to answer the expectations of its founders. Of late years, during the seasons of frost, a number of gentlemen have assembled, almost daily, on the mere, to engage in the Scottish pastime of curling. The in-door amusements of the gentry of Everton may be comprised under the general heads of card- parties, routs, dances, conversational-meetings, and social and convivial assemblies, at the dinner, tea, and supper tables. Concerts are not now given at Ever- ton, except occasionally on a very small scale, when they are held at private houses ; but there was one society deserving of record — a society that has few parallels in the unison of sentiment, friendship, and stability, and which existed for a quarter of a century; this was a quartette party, whose meetings were regu- larly held weekly, on the evenings of Thursday, except when sickness or sorrow caused temporary interruptions. Death has made lamentable breaches in the ranks of this musical phalanx, though until the 142 HISTORY OF EVERTON. present time other members were procured to supply the places of the removed, — but the society is now broken up. It may not be amiss to state, that the long endurance of tliis musical society may be attri- buted to the prudent determination of its members, and which was strictly adhered to, of not luxuriously catering to the appetite, or to any of the grosser senses, confining their exertions to please the ear, and harmonise the passions : they limited their re- freshments to coffee, and bread, with its butyra- ceous concomitants ; sparingly, very sparingly indeed, did they indulge in the cordial cup, and no dainty delicacies ever smoked on their boards. With these sons of harmony, the selected evenings were strictly dedicated to Apollo ; nor did late hours, or excess of any kind, ever sully their truly harmonious meetings. It is reasonable to assume that the genius of music often hovered over the domicile of Mr. Drinkwater, and with pleasure tarried there, to listen to the " con- cord of sweet sounds : " and when death shall have unstrung the harps of all who used to join this harmo- nious band, still will the genius of music, as he lingers over the well remembered spot, bestow a tributary sigh, and chaunt a prayer-hymn to the throne of grace, that the souls of his departed devotees may find rest, peace, and happiness in heaven. An attempt was made, in November, 1814, soon after the erection of the church at Everton, to hold an oratorio there : the price of a ticket was fifteen shillings, which admitted the possessor to two days' A SKETCH. 143 performances ; but the attempt was unsuccessful, and resulted in loss and disappointment to its projectors and conductors. About twenty years ago, some attempts were made to establish public assemblies at Everton, where the aged might recreate themselves with cards, and the young with "tripping on the light fantastic toe." The attempt, at first, promised tolerable success, but the number of frequenters annually becoming less, and dwindling into insignificance, the project was altoge- ther abandoned. Those assemblies were held at the Everton Coffee-house, on the Brow, and were as much frequented by the people of Liverpool, as by the inha- bitants of Everton. About the same period, one or two grand balls were given at the coffee-house, by bachelor-gentlemen, who had received civic honours. The expenses incurred by the mock-magistrates afforded them scarcely any other reward than deri- sion's smile. Of the existing in-door amusements of the gentry of Everton, routs must have precedence, and routs are not infrequently held at Everton, at which the num- ber of visitors materially varies. Sometimes, at such meetings, a snug party of half-a-dozen assembles ; in general, however, the number is greater, extending to twenty, fifty, or more ; when the visitors are very numerous, they, of course, squeeze themselves into pleasure's saloons, and, in such cases, fresh air is sometimes as precious as it was in the never-to-be- forgotten prison-cell of Calcutta. The employment 144 HISTORY OF EVERTON. of time at the Everton evening parties is, in some instances, in conversation only, but more frequently with cards; sometimes music and singing are the order of such nights ; and often, particularly in the cold season, " dancing devours the merry hours ; " whilst at other times, all these employments are pro- gressing simultaneously under one roof, and on the same evening. The refreshments served at such meetings accord with the convenience, capability, and inclination of the host or hostess, and are generally studiously produced to meet the taste of the guests. At some parties, tea and tea-bread only are offered ; this kind of party has received the ill-merited satirical title of "tea and turn-out" At other parties, to the tea and coffee, rich cake and wine are added; and not unfrequently the visitor is treated with viands more substantial, introduced on trays, which are gene- rally covered with sandwiches, slices of cold meat, patties, and pies of fruit and meat, together with custards, jellies, and glasses sparkling with wine, or foaming with malt liquor ; and generally, when part- ing time comes, good night is drank in a cordial spirit cup, or a glass of generous wine. But a practice is now very prevalent, at these even- ing parties, of seating the guests at a supper-board, sometimes moderately covered, but too often loaded, with many delicacies of the season. At such supper- parties, conviviality becomes the order of the hour; tongues are unloosed, that previously seemed inca- pable of motion, by the all-powerful effects of sociality A SKETCH. 145 and good cheer ; it is then that many, who at other times are accounted silent, sedate, and sober persons, often change their outward characters. Starch and demure personages will, at these hospitable meetings, lay aside the cloak in which convenience, interest, habit, or hypocrisy had wrapped them, to play the merry-andrew, spout out witticisms, or promulgate sarcasms, inuendoes, and jokes of every grade, from the excellent to the despicable. But the majority of the guests at an Everton suppering, it is willingly and truly avowed, are good, hearty subjects; and indeed, taking them in the main, the men are honest, and the lasses bonny. The pleasure of the evening is fre- quently enhanced by the songs of amateur cantators and cantatrices, and the strains of essayists, who, though they are not highly-gifted votaries of Apollo, are listened to with good humour and complacency, and generally, with or without desert, rewarded with applause. Sometimes, at these supper-tables, talented and ra- tionally-disposed minds exchange, reciprocate, and dis- seminate learned lore ; but, be the mood what it may, conversation, singing, good eating, and as good drink- ing, are the constant adjuncts of the Everton suppers under consideration, where cankered care never dares to intrude, and even old father Time seems bribed to stand still ; the sly old rogue, however, moves onward, as the guests discover, when, at long-last, the reluc- tant and lingering question is put, "How goes the enemy ? " or, in other words, " What's the hour ? " L 146 HISTORY OF EVERTON. On the evenings of routs, and of set supperings, at Everton, cards are almost invariably introduced; the game of whist is then generally played by the adults, especially by the males; whilst the ladies, for the most part, particularly those of a certain age, prefer that of quadrille, played, almost without exception, in the improved way, under the name of preference, and occasionally, but very rarely, in that still more advanced stage of complexity, called mogul. The young people of Everton, of both sexes, are not over much addicted to card-playing; and when they do sit down to cards, it is generally to play at what are called round-games, such as loo, pope, speculation, intrigue-and-matrimony, camat, com- merce, &c. The younger branches of the Everton gentry are not averse to indulge occasionally in the good old romping sports of blind-man-buff, hunt-the- slipper, hide-and-seek, tick-and-touch-wood, &c. ; and are delighted to enter into the more roguish games of forfeit. Ah ! who are there that cannot with delight call to mind the joy, the pleasure, the happy carelessness, and the primitive innocence of those days, when they themselves participated in such sports? Can they repress the sigh of regret that such enjoy- ments are for them no more? But although from the adult advanced in life, from the aged, and from the infirm, such innocent, sportive joys are withheld, let them still rejoice and be glad that their children, and children's children, can enjoy and revel in those A SKETCH. 147 recreations which they, in their youthful days, thought so ecstatic. Of the snug, family, and friendly dinner parties, on a small scale, or of the cosy, comfortahle tete-a- tetes of feeding friends and acquaintances, who often meet at Everton, little need be told. On such occa- sions comfort, happiness, pleasure, and content are generally the attendants and servers-up of excellent nutritive dishes, or of tempting tid-bits, that prove exquisite flavourers to the juice of the grape, the alco- holic cordial, the nectar, brewed with acid and dulce, dashed with Farintosh, and the wholesome and invigo- rating beverage extracted from British fountains, with the aid and instrumentality of Sir John Barleycorn. Breakfast parties are rare, and scarcely ever given at Everton, except on the mornings of wedding-days; but set and formal large dinner parties are as frequent as may be desired. Dinner parties are, however, the gentlemen's scenes of glory -, the fair sex, at such times, are not in their element, unless, indeed, it be the bold woman who loves to laugh loud, and to hob-nob with all who challenge her to quaff the "rosy cup ; " it is only the least amiable of the sex who can enjoy, with a zest, a crowded dinner party's operations. But thanks to morality, decorum, and virtue ! the dames of Ever- ton are more given to tea than to toasts; to soiree badinages than to banquetings ; and, in fine, to pru- dent and rational pleasantry than to pampering their appetites with the best gifts of Apicius or Bacchus. 148 HISTORY OF EVERTON. Many ladies of Everton, to gratify their lords, do the honours, and go through the arduous duties, of a crowded dinner table ; hut such efforts are generally tributes to conjugal affection and duty, rather than effusions of display, or ventures in quest of satisfaction or delight. Seeing that in every library, and in every bookseller's shop, we meet with ponderous tomes on "Cookery made easy," it need not be stated here what viands grace the dinner tables of the Everton gentry in general, who feast and feed according to the custom of fashionable society, the particulars of which Kitchener, Ude, and Co. may, and if consulted, must and will, inform the reader. At this epoch, it is the custom of the ladies of Everton to retire at an early hour from the dining saloon, leaving the gentlemen to politics and Port nine. Ah, no ! honest plain Port is now almost banished from the tables of the present luxurious Englishmen; fanciful French wines have now become the bibulous favourites of John Bull, or rather of the gentlefolk of John Bull's family ; John himself, and his unsophisticated branches, are wise enough still to love the good, sound, bracing juice of Portugal's grape, despite of the shewy sparkles which, in French wines, deceive all the senses but that of sight. The secrets of the seraglio are not better kept than are those of the ladies who assemble in the drawing- room immediately after dinner ; in due time, however, the female divan bring their confabulations to a close; coffee is announced to the lords of creation, and then, A SKETCH. 149 in most cases, the sexes again assemble ; some of the gentlemen, it is true, love to linger with their beloved bottles, but most of the youngsters, and all sober- minded men, quit at the earliest summons to join the ladies ; some solely for the ladies' sake, some to avoid a debauch, some to escape the host's commands of fill ! fill ! and drink ! drink ! " drink deeper still ! " and some to propitiate Cupid and Hymen. In the evenings of a dinner-day at Everton, on the reassem- bling of the sexes in the drawing-room, the employ- ments and occupations of host, hostess, and guests, are most diffusely diversified. On the removal of the coffee service, music is frequently introduced, to which, perhaps, some few lend an attentive ear; but the generality are more inclined to loquacity — the gentlemen, moved by the powerful potations they have taken, the ladies by instinct; and, it is well known, your lovers of loquacity are little solicitous to enjoy the " concord of sweet sounds." The charms and delights of music, therefore, on the evenings of such days, are but too often "wasted on the desert air : " but not so the tactics of flirtation ; its ma- noeuvres are regularly performed; whilst inflexible prudes look on and darken their lovely features with cold, constrained, and solemn airs, generally masking their real wishes and desires with fictitious frowns. Cupid is often very busy on such evenings; he delights to keep up a brisk fire on the hearts of the young, aye, and pours volleys of darts into the bosoms 150 HISTORY OF EVERTON. of the more aged, who have retired from the temple of Bacchus to visit the shrine of Venus. Affianced lovers will often, on such occasions, steal the opportunity to whisper certain tender sentences ; half-formed attachments wax stronger, and bashful- ness inclines to grow hold; for wine works strange metamorphoses in a bashful lover's brain; it is, indeed, generally found that the bottle can give courage to the faint heart, and eloquence to the timid tongue; therefore, let young ladies take good note, and bear well in mind, that as " in vino veritas," so may they expect to hear the unadorned and honest truth, from the lips of their admirers, on the evening of a dinner- day. It only now remains to sum up the ways of ending a dinner-party's amusements at Everton, by stating, that sometimes a merry dance ends a merry day. To the list of the in-door amusements and recreative employments of the gentry of Everton, must be added the game of billiards — billiard-tables being now esta- blished in many private houses at Everton. To tliis game may be added those of chess, trou-madam, baga- telle, draughts, backgammon, and others. Many a fascinating fair one of the township, by adroitly en- gaging her husband, brother, or other relative of the roving sex, in games at backgammon, cribbage, pic- quet, &c., keeps forging fresh links for that chain of blandishments with which she binds the strongly- inclined-to-be rover to " Home, sweet home." These remarks on the manners, customs, &c., of A SKETCH. 151 the people of Everton, must now be brought to a close, by stating that there are many families in the township devoted to serious studies and pursuits; the members of such families frequently meet in a neighbourly and friendly manner. At such meetings, time is generally employed in rational conversation, in mutual intercourse of sentiment, and in pious, learned, or moral discussions : the younger members find advantage and amusement in putting together dissected maps; playing with moral conversation cards; providing for the charitable bazaars; constructing fanciful toys and useful nick-nacks, wherewith the saloons of the wealthy are embellished ; and lastly, though not least in importance, in listening to the wisdom of their elders, — in which occupations the utile and the dulce are nicely blended. These, and many other employments of a similar nature, offer high advantages and enjoyments, as well as pastime and pleasure, pure and satisfactory, to the moral and well instructed children of the township. If this copious section, now brought to a close, need further apology or defence, it must be briefly made in the poet's words, who states that — " the pro- per study of mankind is man." SECTION VII. DESCRIPTIVE AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE SUBDIVIDED PROPERTIES OR LOCALITIES OF EVERTON; INTERSPERSED WITH BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, AND REMARKS. IT is too much the custom of those who draw up historical accounts to confine themselves to general matter, and prominent events; presuming this, it certainly may not be deemed blameable, when authors or compilers make stepping stones of minute circum- stances, by which their readers may be led, step by step as it were, to become clearly and intimately ac- quainted with the subject matter in hand ; and it is the minute and variegated parts and passages of historical contexts which soften their characteristic dryness; the view, therefore, that is taken in this section, of men and things, will be close, minute, and familiar. Next to veracity, in historical essays, is variety; it is this which grafts amusement on instruction, and applies equally to this humble local treatise, as to historical narratives of magnitude. In furtherance of GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 153 this view, the reader is invited to accompany the author in his travel over the township of Everton, or rather over the map, which is affixed to this work. The outline of the map above alluded to was con- structed about forty years ago, that is, in or about the year 1790, and is now presented, with many altera- tions and amendments, and in a far more explicit shape. This map is not introduced or recommended to the reader on account of its possessing any peculiar accuracy beyond other maps ; for, indeed, it is owned that, of all the maps of Everton which have yet been drawn up, the palm must be yielded to the one pub- lished by Mr. Sherwood, in the year 1821. Mr. Sherwood's valuable map of the township is a masterly work, and, in a great degree, free from fault ; yet the omission of the measurements of the enclosures of gardens, &c., &c., may be deemed a defect of some importance. But it is preferred to introduce the ground-work of the map of 1790 into this work, principally, because it affords the opportunity, by such a line of reference, to shew the manifold and great changes which a few years have brought about in the property and appearance of the township. Having already given, from the most authentic records extant, a brief outline of the soil and seign- orage of Everton, from the earliest periods to the present time, a closer and more comprehensive view will now be taken, in which the several and separate properties, or localities, of the township will be minutely and expansively examined ; a view not 154 HISTORY OF EVERTON. merely and solely descriptive, hut which will embrace and connect minute description with diffuse observa- tion; a sort of analysis, as it were, of both matter and mankind in Everton : the reader may, therefore, ex- pect to find his walk over the township plenteously strewed with remarks, pertinent and appropriate to the subjects discussed. In the histories of empires, the most celebrated figurantes, and the most prominent national transac- tions only, can be placed; but in a local historical essay, there is room to exhibit a great part of the community separately and individually ; where events, however humble, are seldom deemed devoid of interest : it is therefore intended to graft on the descriptive context, numerous and brief biographical sketches, — connecting the biographical matter, as ap- propriately as possible, with the several localities, as they pass under consideration. When youth are instructed in the art of drawing, they are taught, in delineating the human face, to divide the visage into sections, by which, correctness and intimacy with the subject in hand are amply and facilely obtained. Copying, in some measure, this simple yet efficacious plan, the township is nominally divided into nine distinct and separate districts or divisions; those districts or divisions are again divided by the regular black lines into proper appor- tional parts or spaces, which distinctly point out and delineate the shape and size of each proprietor's proportions, and the several and distinct possessions, GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 155 throughout the entire township; for the sake of conciseness those subdivisions are named localities. To elucidate the plan further, to each proprietor a figure is appropriated; so that when a proprietor owns more than one locality, each and all the loca- lities of such proprietor will he markedwith a figure or figures, uniform and alike, as the case shall de- mand; and again, the different localities of each individual proprietor may he distinguished by the italic letters subjoined to the figures. This mode of treating separately and individually, and in many cases minutely, the localities of the township, may be, perhaps, considered somewhat precise; but the method has the advantage of perspicuity, in a high degree, and affords, to all persons concerned and interested in the affairs and property of Everton, a facility of reference, which it is hoped will atone, in a great measure, if not altogether, for the formal, business-like manner of the plan adopted. Everton is a compact parcel of land, and, as the map shews, pretty nearly a square : for convenience of description, as has been before stated, the township is marked out and divided on the map into nine dis- tricts ; and as the north is the prime or principal of the cardinal points of the compass, to the north dis- trict of Everton is conceded the precedence in these observations. NORTH DISTRICT. The north district of Everton is bounded on the 156 HISTORY OF EVERTON. west by St. Domingo-lane ; on the south by Mere- lane ; on the east by part of Hangfield-lane, and by part of Beacon-lane, and Sleeper' s-hill ; and on the north by Bronte-lane and Walton Cop. In the year 1 790, the whole of this district was the property of two individuals : that portion of it marked 6, a, (being the northernmost extremity of Everton, and separated from the other parts of the township by Walton-breck-lane, and a short lane at the west end .of the great Sleeper,) belonged, at that time, to R. Hey wood, Esq. This spot is the north-west part of the ancient Sleeper' s-hill, a name by which this and two adjacent localities on the east of it were known from time immemorial \ and by that name is this small region or portion of Everton designated in a map constructed about the year 1710. It is said that the person who first enclosed or reclaimed the lot of land marked 6, a, from the common or waste, was a shoemaker; from which circumstance the place acquired the by-name of " Cobbler's Close : " but the name was discontinued after Thomas Barton, Esq. purchased the locality, and gave it that of " Pilgrim," a name which took its rise from some transaction or agency in the disposal of a valuable prize, captured in the West Indies, during the French revolutionary war, by a letter of marque of Liverpool, belonging to Joseph Birch, Esq., M.P. called the Pilgrim. Mr. Barton was a wealthy merchant of Barbadoes and Liverpool, of whom it is not necessary to say more, than GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 157 that he raised himself by talent and industry, from a humble station, to one of great respectability and opulence. After, or just before his demise, Pilgrim became the property of his brother, the late highly respectable Sir William Barton, Knight, long an eminent merchant of Liverpool, who sold the pre- mises to James Atherton, Esq. The entire locality 6, a, was purchased from Mr. Atherton, about fifteen years ago, by the present owner and occupier, Samuel Woodhouse, Esq., who took down the old dwelling, &c., and erected the elegant mansion which embellishes his villa ; he also changed the name of the place to that of Bronte ; the origin of which name is connected with an estate or place in the Mediterranean, from which the title of the immortal Nelson, as Duke of Bronte, was taken. Mr. Woodhouse has been also one of fortune's favorites ; he resided for many years with his brothers on the shores of the Mediterranean, where they were engaged in commercial pursuits, on a scale of great magnitude, in which they were very prosperous. Samuel Woodhouse, Esq. of Bronte, returned in affluent circumstances to his native land, and fixed his residence at Everton, where, in the autumn of life, he seems to enjoy every advantage that fortune has placed at his command. Mr. Woodhouse may be considered a scion of an Everton family-stock, for his maternal connexions were, and long had been, nobles of Everton ; — his mother was a Miss Hey es, co-heiress to some valuable Everton property. Mr. Woodhouse 158 HISTORY OF EVERTON. has not placed himself prominently in any of the pub- lic affairs of Everton ; he has, however, been in office, and shewn that, if necessary, he has both talent and inclination to render good service to the township. With the exception of the Bronte, or as it was formerly called, the Pilgrim villa, and the mere, or public watering pond, the entire of the north district of Everton was, in the year 1790, the property of John Sparling, Esq., a merchant of Liverpool, of emi- nence and long-standing, and was his St. Domingo estate, of which many particulars have already been given in the section of " Property." But it may be relevant to enter more at large into the history of tin's estate, and briefly to treat of its founder, and other proprietors. George Campbell, Esq. was the founder of the St. Domingo estate, who, on the 23d August, 1757, made the first of his purchases of those Everton lands which originally formed the estate. From time to time he made other purchases of contiguous lands, which he added to his St. Domingo estate. The spot Mr. Campbell chose for his place of residence, was at the south end of the patch of land, or locality, which is marked in the map 2, i, where a house was pleasantly situated; it was separated from the main road by a deep, triangular-shaped lawn, the sides of which were bordered with trees and shrubs, and the front protected by neat stoops and chains. The house was not distant more than bow-shot from the old Beacon, consequently it commanded extensive and GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 159 charming sea and land prospects. There were many convenient outbuildings attached to the mansion, one of which stood in the east, separated from the dwelling by Beacon-lane. The building was, in reality, a stable, but a stranger would have rather inclined to consider it a place in which religious rites were performed ; for, to indulge some whim, Mr. Campbell had constructed the building (particularly the windows of it) to resemble places dedicated to divine worship. Whether Mr. Campbell meant any thing or nothing by the indulgence of his whim, tradition doth not very clearly elucidate \ but there is strong reason to surmise that a spice of improper satire, or some- thing still more reprehensible, dictated the project. Mr. Campbell gave the name of St Domingo to this estate, in commemoration of a piece of good fortune which befel him, when one of his vessels captured a rich ship from the Island of St. Domingo, in the West Indies. Of all the anecdotes, connected with Mr. Campbell, which have been collected in the research of data for this work, only one will be inserted here. It is said that in the year 1745, Mr. Campbell was placed at the head of an irregular body of men, hastily raised in Liverpool, for military service, to check the advance of the rebels, under the Pretender : Mr. Campbell's company was ordered to march for Manchester, but made no further progress than War- rington ; but even in that short campaign, one adven- ture, worthy of Cervantes' pen, fell to their share. 160 HISTORY OF EVERTON. It happened that in the way of Campbell's warriors lay a flock of geese; mistaking them, at first, for fellow-militants, Campbell's heroes prepared for their maiden encounter in the field of Mars; — some say that their hearts palpitated, others, that worse things happened ; but we will let these rumours pass. On a near approach, the enemy was found to be a cackling cavalcade, more disposed to flight than fight. The reasoning bipeds, marching onwards, soon com- mingled with the main body of the feathered tribe of instinct, upon which the former became strongly disposed to declare war, and to commence slaughter- ous operations. Now Campbell's men, if they were not the most valiant of soldiers, proved themselves deserving of the character of diplomatists of the first rate, and most admirable machiavelians. A parley was entered into, in which Campbell's heroes demanded of the geese, whether they were willing to accompany them on their march? — the geese hissed! — a sound so per- fectly in unison with, and similar to, the affirmative monosyllable, yes, that eveiy man of Campbell's company, to spare their new friends the fatigue of marching, "bagged his bird." Onward the allies went, until, at halting time, the descendants of the saviours of Rome found themselves placed at the post of danger, as hunger's forlorn hope ; in short, they were devoted to all the horrors of the pot and spit. Thus, under a saving clause which would have done honour to the ingenuity of the ancient Mr. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 161 Touchstone, did Campbell's warriors acliieve their first and only warlike enterprize. Their fears of future consequences were stilled by conscience whis- pering unto them, that the recording angel would register the peccadillo as a venial sin, and place it on the list of other such statesmanlike — pardon the slip — warlike offences. As to worldly consequences, Camp- bell's men well knew that the state of the times was their safeguard. And now, gentle reader, take this anecdote in the sense it is meant to be conveyed — that is, as a philippic against war in general. The proprietors who possessed the St. Domingo estate between the days of Mr. Campbell and those of Mr. Sparling were non-residents, or only temporarily resided at Everton; therefore, if a sketch of their biography be required, the annals of Liverpool must furnish it. The context, then, at once passes on to John Spar- ling, Esq., a common-council-man of Liverpool, and a merchant of that port, of the highest class in his day: prosperous and prudent, he realised a vast fortune, and wisely retired, in the wane of life, to his beautiful villa at Everton; which, in the year 1793, he improved and embellished, by taking down the old mansion, and at some few hundred yards north of its site, erecting the most splendid edifice in the whole township, St. Domingo-house; but at an expense considerably beyond his calculation, the recollection of which caused him some sighs of real regret, if not M 162 HISTORY OF EVERTON. of sorrow. But Mr. Sparling was desirous to tempt his heirs and successors to reside at a spot to which he was himself much attached, and took great pains in his testamentary clauses to bind his heirs to keep possession of the property; and, should they be unwil- ling to reside at the place themselves, so highly did he hold and regard the name of Sparling, that he directed them to give a preference to any tenant of that name, who might offer to take the St. Domingo estate. But testamentary restrictions, it seems, can be removed; the last desires of testators are not always complied with ; as was the case with Mr. Sparling. An act of parliament was procured, under the powers of which the St. Domingo estate was sold and alienated alto- gether from the Sparling family ; a measure, it is true, that did no injury to the surviving heirs, — on the contrary, they were considered benefited ; but thereby the fondly cherished intentions and desires of the last testator were posthumously destroyed. Soon after the late Mr. Sparling erected St. Do- mingo-house, he constructed a tomb, in Walton church-yard, so as to be visible from the windows of his mansion ; no doubt calculating that such an object would cause generation after generation of his family, in their frequent glances towards so impressive a me- mento, to recur to the memory of the individual who had, in an exemplary manner, procured them so stately, valuable, and delightful a place of residence, as was the villa, or estate, of St. Domingo ; — but the GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 163 sequel has added one more proof to the many on record of the evanescent and unstable nature of our trust and confidence in all human transactions ! There were some other remarkable clauses in the late Mr. Sparling's will, but it is not necessary to notice them further than to say, that they were the emanations of a pure mind, devoted to the religion of his progenitors. It is said Mr. Sparling purchased the St. Domingo estate with the fruits of a fortunate spe- culation in the funds; but independently of any such stock-jobbing transactions, he was a very wealthy man. Mr. Sparling contemplated the construction of Queen's Dock, in Liverpool, but subsequently disposed of his interest therein to the dock-trust; Sparling-street, which is near to Queen's Dock, owes its name to him. Mr. Sparling was elected mayor of Liverpool in the year 1 790. During his mayoralty, he convened a common-hall; but none of his successors have shown any inclination to follow so noble an example. Mr. Sparling was one of the last of the old school of Liverpool merchants; when he attended 'Change, he was drest with precision and care, generally wear- ing a gold-laced waistcoat, and of course, as was the mode in his day, a three-cornered, or cocked-hat : he was one of those wealthy and upright traders of Britain, of the eighteenth century, whose attire and conduct were on a par, so far as plainness, precision, regularity, and substantial worth will suffer the com- parison to be earned. Independently of the erection of the mansion-house, 164 HISTORY OF EVERTON. on the St. Domingo estate, the late Mr. Sparling much improved its general appearance, hy planting trees, huilding good stone fences, and in various other ways, until at length the property became every thing that a retired gentleman and amateur agriculturist could wish. In one point, however, he was defi- cient, he neglected the construction of paved roads, by which his residence would have been commo- diously approached; for in his day, the estate was surrounded and intersected by sandy, cart-rutted lanes; nor are many of the roads in its immediate neighbourhood yet paved. The principal of the St. Domingo estate consisted of two large, triangular-shaped patches of land, which may, for distinction's sake, be termed the western and eastern triangles. St. Domingo-house stands on the western triangle, but the lands of this triangle, which once formed one and the same property with the man- sion, are now divided and subdivided into many parts ; in some of which architectural operations are now carrying on with such rapidity, that a description of their appearance to-day, would not be a picture of the plan a month hence. The north boundary of this west triangle is marked on the map 2, a, and 2, 5, where some half a dozen dwellings and outbuildings are erected ; on one of which there is marked " North View : " but from that north boundary, to the lodge of St. Domingo-house in the south, the lands are as yet uncovered with buildings, except an old barn, which was crowded with spectators, on the 12th GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 165 August, 1812, when Mr. Sadler's balloon was inflated at the Pilgrim (now Bronte) villa. The fields and the lawn, north of St. Domingo- house, are used as pasture land, from whence crops of hay are occasionally taken ; extensive gardens (one cultivated by a nursery-man) are in the immediate south vicinage of the mansion ; the nursery ground is in the tenancy of Mr. Whalley, an eminent seeds- man, &c., whose house is of the oldest standing in that line in Liverpool. It may be remarked, en pas- sant, that Mr. Whalley takes great pleasure in per- mitting visitors, at all reasonable hours, to stroll in his highly cultivated grounds. South of Mr. Whalley's grounds are some unbuilt-on lots of land, and, pro- ceeding more southerly, a new street (Sparling-street) bounds the vacant lands last named : this new road is a short thoroughfare, which connects Beacon-lane with St. Domingo-lane. There are, at this time, only two cottages in Sparling-street, to which pretty places the appropriate names of Delta and Rose are given. Mr. Atherton is, however, contemplating the erection of a handsome range of dwellings on the north side of this street. From Sparling-street to the south point of the west triangle, the space is occupied, on the east side, by one or two joiner's establishments, and a few cottages ; and on the west side, by some comfortable, but not extensive dwellings. The roads and avenues which border this west triangle of the ci-devant St. Domingo estate, were some time ago considered delightful and sequestered 166 HISTORY OF EVERTON. . places; they were adapted to the ruminations of philosophers, or to the seclusion coveted by lovers, for seldom was this charming retreat intruded upon by strangers ; therefore, neither the philosopher nor the lover, who perchance stole into these delightful avenues, had to fear the observations of ignorance, malice, and slander. It has been already stated, that W. P. Litt, Esq., and afterwards, the late W. Ewart, Esq., became proprietors of the St. Domingo estate, and that Mr. Ewart sold it to the commissioners of the barrack- department ; but the purchase was comprised in, and confined to, this western triangle, very nearly the whole of which became the property of the barrack- department. W. P. Litt, Esq. was an eminent merchant of Liverpool, as he is now of London, and where he at present resides ; he made St. Domingo- house his domicile the greater part of the time he was its proprietor ; but the late Mr. Ewart never made it his place of abode. The barrack-department made little use of their Everton purchase; nor was it at all calculated for their purposes; a truth, indeed, of which they were apprised before the purchase was made, by a deputa- tion of the inhabitants of Everton, who endeavoured to dissuade government from a measure which threat- ened to annihilate all Everton's advantages of rural beauty and tranquillity: the deputation, however, failed in their object, and the barrack project was completed. To the people of Everton, the result GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 167 proved of but little annoyance, whilst to Government it was altogether unsatisfactory. At length, the barrack-department grew tired of their bargain, and offered the whole for sale ; but no purchaser offering for the place in gross, the com- missioners had the property divided into lots ; some of which they sold at public mail. Much of the land was long on their hands, and the last parcel was only recently disposed of; no part of the purchase has been sold to advantage. After the sale, Mr. Pritchard, a very respectable wine-merchant of Liverpool, was the first to erect a dwelling upon a part which he purchased in the north-east corner or angle of the triangle. Mr. Pritchard's house is a neat and commodious place of residence ; for a length of time it was somewhat lonely, but other houses are springing up in the west, so that shortly it may have a neighbourhood populous enough to afford both security and good society. The locality on which Mr. Pritchard's house is fixed was called "Headless Cross-field;" here, therefore, the cross must have once stood. At the north-west angle of this west triangle, Mr. Lang has recently erected some three or four most excellent houses, called North View, from which a marine prospect is obtained, that can scarcely be excelled. St. Domingo-house, with a strip of land on the north for a lawn, was sold by the commissioners for barrack affairs, to Messrs. Sandbach and M'Gregor, and has been tenanted, for a considerable time, by the 168 HISTORY OF EVERTON. very worthy Misses Come, who have established a seminary there of the first class, where respectable young females are received en pension, and carefully, becomingly, and usefully educated, — with every ele- gant requisite as to taste, grace, and ornament. It is ventured further to state, (though entirely, and only, on the strength of the good report the Misses Corrie have obtained by their exemplary conduct) that in the care and culture of young ladies com- mitted to their charge,, purity of mind, agreeableness of manner and person, and the proper direction of intellect are attended to most carefully, and in fine, that nothing is neglected by them in the education of the choicest of all a parent's treasures — the fairest, and the loveliest, and the tenderest of creation's works. Of Prince William of Gloucester's sojourn at St. Domingo-house, notice will be hereafter taken. The lands that are marked in Mr. Sherwood's map as belonging to the barrack-department, have, since that map was published, been disposed of by the com- missioners to Messrs. M'Gregor and Sandbach, but all of them were afterwards purchased by the late Alexander M'Gregor, in whose family the ownership remains. The trustees, under the powers granted by the act of parliament relative to the alteration of the objects of the late Mr. Sparling's will, sold the eastern triangle of the St. Domingo estate to J. G. Geller, Esq.; and soon after the purchase was effected, Mr. Geller erected on it a most extensive and elegant GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 169 mansion. This handsome, stately edifice stands pretty nearly in the centre of the grounds ; its front is constructed of a superior kind of red brick, brought at great extra cost from Manchester ; but Mr. Geller was not sparing of expense in the development of his taste, of which this villa is a noble specimen, and is sufficiently and becomingly planted with young wood, which is fast spreading, and will shortly shelter and embower the mansion and out-offices : a long moat runs in nearly an east and west line, intersecting and irrigating the lower grounds ; and over this miniature canal, or elongated lake, are thrown light, fanciful, and useful bridges. In fine, taken in the whole, the place may be classed the very highest of all Everton's villas ; and (if the extent of ground be properly taken into consideration) it may be deemed the most picturesque and desirable place of residence of any within the circuit of half-a-score miles. To this, or very nearly to this, state of perfection, did Mr. Geller bring that which, when he purchased the estate, was only a few acres of meadow land. Mr. Geller is, and long has been, a highly respect- able merchant of Liverpool, very extensively engaged in the commercial affairs of that port ; assiduity and punctuality seem to have been his guides through the labyrinths of commerce ; he is one of those merchant- men, by whose employment, and through whose means, Liverpool and other lands reap great advan- tages. Such men fill the hives of trading towns with abundance of rich wax and honey. 170 HISTORY OF EVERTON. After residing at this beautiful villa, named Mere Bank, for some time, Mr. Geller disposed of it to William Myers, Esq., who has made it his place of residence for a length of time. Of Mr. Myers, as a public man, the annals of Liverpool will treat ; from a tinge of reserve in his manner, the biographer cannot collect much data to descant upon ; but as a member of the community at large, enough is seen and known of him at Everton, to sanction the statement of his being a moral and highly respectable gentleman. Mr. Myers seldom interferes with the public affairs of Everton. The localities that now form Mere Bank are marked on the map 2, q, 2, r, and 2, s ; they are all enclosed as in a ring-fence, containing in the whole about four acres; and, in all likelihood, it will be long, very long, ere the builder covers this land with any other architectural erections than such out-houses as may be requisite for the family occupying the villa, and occasional additions or enlargements to the man- sion itself. Of the north district of Everton there remains now only to notice the mere, or public watering place for cattle. The mere and its banks occupy the south-east corner, or angle, of the north district of Everton ; it is a large sheet of water, and is, together with its banks, nearly an acre in extent : in most places it is shallow, and in no part very deep. As the seasons are more or less wet, this piece of water expands or contracts its dimensions, and sometimes very considerably. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 171 Were it ever desirable, some land might be reclaimed, at a small expense, from this watery expanse ; indeed, there is already a good piece of terra firma embanked and effectually reclaimed in the north-east, where a snug cottage and pinfold are constructed. The cottage is public property, and is tenanted by a worthy mason, who is the overlooker or superintendent of the pinfold; it yields a rental of £9 9s. per annum to the town- ship, out of which certain demands are annually paid, amounting to £6 8s. 8d., — viz. Lord's rent £5 15s., Breck-silver 13s. 4d., and 4d. for the acquittance. This arrangement consolidates and simplifies the set- tlement of certain demands annually due to the lord of the manor, which, as is shown by deeds in the town's chest, the township is bound to liquidate ; and as the lands become more and more subdivided, the apportionment of each lot's liability becomes also more minute, intricate, and complex, even to the extent of causing perplexity in the adjustment. The scheme, therefore, of thus raising the sum required for the lord's rent, and even more, in this simple shape of a single rental, is as commodious as it is satisfactory; and if, in carrying the plan into effect, any slight inac- curacy arose, the good produced will far more than balance any such trifle.* Another excellent matter has been spoken of — which is, to build a workhouse near, or even adjoining the cottage at the mere, for the use and accommodation of the paupers of the township. Such a step would eventually prove an * See a minute made in the town's book in the year 1759. 172 HISTORY OF EVERTON. economical measure ; for many paupers who receive out-door relief, would forego their demands on the township, when they were offered the alternatives of — no relief, or to become in-door paupers. At all events, the measure is worthy of cool, deliberate, and early consideration. NORTH-EAST DISTRICT. The north-east district of Everton is bounded on the north by Walton-cop; on the west by part of Hangfield-lane, Sleeper-hill, and part of Beacon- lane ; on the east by the lands of Walton ; and on the south by the Long Hangfield, marked on the map, 3, e. Until a few months ago, the north-east district was perfectly pastoral ; very lately there was not a single erection on it to serve man for a domicile, or the beasts of the field for shelter ; it was then altogether a patch of pasture land ; but a few months ago two wealthy persons of Everton, Hugh James Sanderson, and George Johnson, Esqrs., have made extensive and adjoining purchases, at the west end of which they are now constructing three commodious man- sions. Of these gentlemen more notice will be taken in the section of the west district of Everton, where they reside. The localities of the north-east district are separated, as indeed are those of the whole township, with neat, well-kept fences, hedge-rows, walls, and ditches, ac- cording to the several portions of the properties of GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 173 various individuals. In the year 1790, this district was owned by five proprietors; but of the principal part of its past and present owners it is not necessary just now to treat ; for, with the exception of three of them, they will have other places allotted to them in these annals. One of these exceptions is the late Mr. Birchall, who some say was a publican, others a dairyman ; it may be that he followed both occupations. The Everton freeholds which formerly were his, have now fallen into other hands. Another of the exceptions above alluded to is the late Bamber Gascoyne, Esq. It will be found, in the early pages of this treatise, that the late Bamber Gascoyne, Esq. was, for a con- siderable period, and until a few years ago, the lord of the manor and township of Everton; in con- sequence of the marriage of his daughter and only surviving child, those manorial rights became vested in the family of the Marquis of Salisbury; and the lands in the township of Everton, which were the property of the late B. Gascoyne, Esq., have also gone into the same possession. These lands, which are marked on the map 3, a, b, c, d, e,f, and g, are in reality freeholds, or lands of inheritance, but the present proprietor has also power to dispose of them as copyholds, he being lord of the manor ; therefore, they might be almost termed optional tenure. The other lands in the township, similarly held by the late B. Gascoyne, Esq., as is stated in the map 174 HISTORY OF EVERTON. of 1790, have been sold to diaries Horsfall, John Mather, and William Earle, Esqrs. It would be superfluous to enlarge on what has been already stated of the Gascoyne family; for its high, respectable, and honourable estate and bearing in society, have been so long, and are still so well known, that they need neither notice nor panegyric in these humble pages ; besides, it is in the history of Childwall, that the biography of the Gascoynes must, at some epoch, conspicuously appear. It may, however, be added, that deeply rooted in reason is the hope which assures us that the exalted connexions of the Gascoyne family will, by acts of justice, courtesy of conduct, and amenity of manner, continue to conduct their manorial privileges, and to hold inter- course with their feudal tenants, so as to continue entitled to receive that which, though possessed by the Gascoynes, cannot be bequeathed, demised, or entailed — the voluntary praise, esteem, and respect of the inhabitants of the manor of Everton. The third and last of the exceptions before noticed, is Christopher Bullin, Esq., banker, of Liverpool, who owns several localities in this district. It would require much space in these pages to speak of Mr. Bullin as his desert warrants and demands ; few are the lines that can be devoted to each biographical sketch — but in one line truth can say much ; and as it regards Mr. Bullin, truth says he is of a suave and cheerful disposition, agreeable and gentlemanly, and GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 175 in his conduct, both public and private, courteous and highly honourable. Except at the north extremity, this district is a flat plain, affording little of that variety which is so pleasing to the lover of the picturesque ; but from all parts of it a good inland view is obtained. There is little wood in the entire district, except the hedge- rows. But if the principal part of the north-east district affords little that is interesting to the ad- mirer of landscapes, the reverse may be said of the north extremity, which is a beautiful patch of land ; the place is named the Great Sleeper, and is a part or parcel of the lands once known by the name of Sleeper-hill, which was and is still the north-east boundary of Everton. The Great Sleeper, or, as it has been sometimes called, the Four Acre, is a fine piece of ground ; its southern extremity is its highest part, where it is bordered, or bounded, by Walton Breck-lane ; from that lane, extending northward, the land of the Great Sleeper forms a level plain for a considerable distance, and from that plain, in different directions, two gentle slopes decline towards the lands of Walton ; these slopes present two fronts, the one to the north, and the other to the west, thus offering an uninterrupted view of the mouth of the Mersey, of the Irish sea, and of the extensive plains which, commencing at the sea-side, run for many miles into the interior — plains that are daily becoming more interesting, for wealthy persons are constantly building extensive, elegant, 176 HISTORY OF EVERTON. and beautiful villas upon them ; and many other very respectable persons, but whose banks, perhaps, are not quite so heavily furnished, are also erecting snug, convenient, and handsome domiciles, to which they diurnally retire for the night, when the business of the day at Liverpool is over ; or as places of general abode, when success commensurate with their calcula- tions or wishes has crowned their commercial efforts. Near to the cop of the Great Sleeper, in the road called Walton-cop, there was constructed a beacon of faggots, which only stood for some months, when, about the year 1803 or 1804, some incendiary, during the night, set it on fire, and the pile was consumed ; • — no further evil ensued. The Little Sleeper, or Sour-longs, presents a most extensive front to Walton Breck-lane ; a circumstance which will materially enhance its value when it shall be required for building purposes, the situation being delightful, promising to suit all who may wish to possess agreeable rural villas. EAST DISTRICT. The east district of Everton is a compact patch of land, and the only district which is not intersected with roads or lanes. This district is bounded on the west by Hangfield-lane ; on the south by Breck-lane; on the east by the lands of Walton Breck; and on the north by the Marquis of Salisbury's, and the late Rev. J. Tatlock's Hangfields, marked 3, d, and 12, i. The bulk of this district is also pastoral, and with GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 177 its immediate neighbours on the north and south sides, may be admired, and almost coveted, for the rural advantages they possess ; this and the adjoining dis- tricts not only enjoy the advantage of being purely rural, but, from their proximity to a large town, they also possess the convenience of having all their house- hold and domestic wants facilely and economically supplied. On the verdure of these districts cattle are amply depastured ; the soil affords to the husbandman a fair, if not a generous return; and the few erections already completed admirably serve the denizens of Liverpool, and other individuals, for pleasant domi- ciles, where, in peace and pure air, under the favour of Providence, they may add many years to the leases of their lives. Of many of those persons who were proprietors of lands, in the east district of Everton, in the year 1790, it is not intended, in this section, to treat, as they will have conspicuous niches allotted to them in subsequent parts of this historical treatise, — a few of them, however, en passant, must be men- tioned. The localities marked 29, a, and 29, b, were, in the year 1790, owned by the late Jonas Bold, Esq., a gentleman of high rank in the aristocratical circles of Liverpool, and who was an alderman of that borough. Mr. Bold was but very slightly connected with Everton; he married into the Oldham family, whose house, near the old beacon, was destroyed by fire, in the year 1 782 ; since that period none of the family have N 178 HISTORY OF EVERTON. dwelt in the township. It does not appeal' that the late Mr. Bold was ever conspicuous in the affairs of Everton. Mr. Green, who in the year 1 790 owned the loca- lity marked 45, a, was an eccentric gentleman, and somewhat given to ascetic habits; he built the original part of the dwelling (now much enlarged and improved) which forms the charming residence of the family of the late William Harding, Esq. Previously to its becoming Mr. Harding' s property, it was owned by George Case, Esq., alderman of Liverpool, who for some years made it his country residence. During Mr. Case's possession of this villa, in the night of the 2d of October, 1803, a destructive fire took place, which materially damaged the mansion. It is more than probable that Mr. Case always deemed the public affairs of Everton too insignificant for him to engage in ; but in the mercantile, and more particu- larly in the municipal, affairs of Liverpool, he has long borne a prominent part. In the rear of this mansion, which has been greatly improved since Mr. Green's time, the late George Goring, Esq. erected a summer hut or small cottage, which was unpleasant to his neighbour on the south. This cottage had its origin in a misunderstanding between Mr. Case and Mr. Goring, and gave rise to a suit-at-law ; the result of the law-suit (as is ever the case) was loss, particularly to Mr. Goring. There are many curious clauses respecting cottages in an old law, 31 Elizabeth, chap, vii., little known GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 179 and less cared for at the present day : the following is extracted therefrom. " No man may build a cottage, unless he lay four acres of land thereto; except it he in the market towns, or cities, or within a mile of the sea, or for the habitation of labourers in mines, sailors, foresters, shepherds, &c. ; and cottages erected by order of jus- tices of the peace for the poor and impotent people, are excepted out of the statute : the four acres of land to make it a cottage within the law are to be freehold and land of inheritance ; and four acres held by copy, or for life or lives, or for any number of years, will not he sufficient to make a lawful cottage."* If this law be not abrogated, or if there be not some hole to creep out of, it is a question if the cottage (the subject of these remarks) was an erection agreeable to the laws of the realm ; but this is now immaterial, as regards the instance under consideration, for the cottage which Mr. Goring built has been taken down. Being now on the subject of cottages, it may be as well to state that there have been recently many cot- tages, or small houses, built at Everton. Now if the trade, commerce, and manufactures of Everton re- quired such a description of population as must occupy buildings of this humble sort, the evils, which of a certainty often emanate from the presence of such domiciles, might be patiently endured; but when it is considered that the labouring tenants of such dwell- ings are, and will continue more and more to be, — * The penalty is £10, and 40s. a month for the continuance. 180 HISTORY OF EVERTON. a very vast majority of them at least, — artizans and operative ag'grandizers of Liverpool, surely it is not too much to endeavour to place the burthen of pauper- ism on the right shoulders ; on the shoulders, in short, of that body which grows fat on the labour of the prospective paupers of Everton. Under this view of the case, the authorities of Everton would not only be justified in examining into, and having enforced, all the restrictive clauses, touching cottages, that may be found unrepealed in the Statute Book, but it is their duty so to do.* The south-west quarter of the east district of Ever- ton has, of late years, been much advantaged, by the formations of new villas, and by planting, and other- wise improving the soil; two excellent, handsome, and spacious houses have been recently erected there, and the roads have been much improved -, the south- end of Hangfield-lane has been paved, and were it properly taken in hand, this road might be made excellently useful and ornamental. From Breck-lane to the mere, what a number of elegant villas, charm- ing and salubrious residences, might be constructed in that rural lane ! where a life almost, if not wholly pastoral, might be led, and even at so short a distance from the second town of Britain — twenty minutes' walk would take a merchant from the Rialto to these regions of Arcadia. The late William Harding, Esq. made considerable additions to the villa originally founded by the late * See a minute in the town's book, made on the 20th June, 1754. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 181 Mr. Green, by purchasing the adjoining localities, 16, e, and 17, g, which enabled Mr. Harding highly to improve the appearance of his lawn and pleasure- grounds, and to form the whole into a most delightful place of residence.* There is a neat, handsome, though small, lodge- like cottage at the north part of the late Mr. Harding's mansion, the appearance of which must be pleasing to every spectator ; it is a spot where a quiet bachelor, or an elderly lady, might calmly glide through life, in all the luxuries of retirement. Two excellent houses have been lately erected, by the late Mr. Harding, on localities 16, e, and 17, g j these buildings are stuccoed over on the outside, to resemble stone-work. At the northernmost of these mansions resides James Cordes, Esq., a gentleman extensively engaged in mercantile pursuits at Liver- pool ; and at the southernmost and largest of these domiciles resides Adam Hodgson, Esq., whose "Letters from America" have given him well- deserved celebrity. The two last-noticed villas would wear a more rural, and a truly picturesque appearance, were the grounds attached to them more adorned with that necessary feature in all rural landscapes — wood; were the places clustered somewhat abundantly with shrubs, and moderately sheltered and embellished with trees, as is the villa of the late Mr. Harding, * Mr. Case, in the first instance, by the purchase of locality 20, - road ran, including the smithy, were one property, it might be deemed only a back road to that place, as it was in reality on sufferance, formed and tolerated, perhaps, by the tenants of the smithy for the accom- modation of its customers.* The next lot in the village on the east of Mr. Me George's premises, is the south part of locality 16, b, on which stood an old cottage, which has been already noticed in the section of Antiquities; this cottage, for many years, and nearly to the time of its being demolished, was tenanted by Mr. John Lyon, who * There is little probability of this road being ever claimed by the pub- lic, but should such a measure be attempted, the compiler of this treatise ventures to assert, that the public would lose the object in view, it being now upwards of fifty years since the writer of this note first knew the style-road in question, and then, as well as ever since, that path was always known to be called, and considered, a back or private way to the smithy. 322 HISTORY OF EVERTON. was for some time high constable of Everton, and nominal factotum of the township's executive affairs ; he was a farmer and dairy-man, on whom fortune frowned, and having never diligently attended to scholastic studies, he was superseded in his offices by men better versed in clerkship lore, and is now obliged to toil constantly and hard ; but in all likelihood, had he been somewhat better schooled in his early years, he, even now, had been acting the parts of high constable, tax collector, &c. &c. of the township of Everton. The dairy establishment was modernized and con- ducted, after Mr. Lyon's abdication, by Mr. Richard Naylor, who purchased the concern, and the copyhold also. Mr. Naylor took down the old cottage, and on its site erected a snug convenient dwelling, and the needful offices for an extensive dairy establishment; he has, however, recently transferred the management of the concern to other hands, having retired to more congenial employment. There is a well in the public road, near to Mr. Naylor' s property, a few yards west of the house door : it appears, by a minute inserted in the town's book, that a pump was put down into this well in the year 1815 ; prior to that period, the public drew water from it by means of a bucket, and various times and oft are charges made in the township's accounts, for "new buckets," and for "mending buckets ; " the putting down of this pump, therefore, may eventually prove a measure of economy and con- venience. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 323 The next locality, on the east, to Mr. Naylor's pre- mises, is 55, a, which has been for a great length of time the property of an ancient Everton family, whose sirname is Anderton. Many individuals of this family have, for a long series of years, figured, in their own plain way, in the annals of the township, one of whom served the offices of high constable, &c. of Everton for thirty-seven consecutive years ; nor is it very long since they quitted Everton as a place of residence: it is said, indeed, that only one of this family is now living that bears the name of Anderton, and he not a sojourner in the local land of his fathers. Merely to exhibit how moderate the charges of lodgings were at Everton in olden time, it is stated here, that R. P. Buddicom, Esq., father to the worthy clergyman of this place, had a furnished parlour, and an excellent bed-room, at this mansion of the Anderton's, in the year 1770, at the rate of 2s. 6d. per week. One of the last of the Andertons followed the trade of a wheelwright on these premises. The old buildings, which are still standing on this locality, are noticed in the section of Antiquities. On this property of the Anderton's, and nearly opposite to the ancient cross, which stood midway in the public road, long dwelt Mrs. Mary, or as she was always styled, Molly Bushell. Mrs. Bushell was the original manufacturer of Everton toffy — an article too well known, and too highly appreciated, to need com- ment, elucidation, or eulogy here. It is said, that this esteemed article owed its origin to a kind-hearted 324 HISTORY OF EVERTON. medical gentleman of Liverpool, who ranked high in his profession ; this gentleman visited Mrs. Bushell professionally, and noticing that her industrious and laudable exertions to provide for the wants of her family were harely rewarded with a sufficiency, sug- gested to her the idea of making an experiment in fabricating and keeping this toffy for sale, and the worthy doctor gave her a recipe for the composition of this delicious compound; — would that all recipes were as innocently and pleasantly compounded! By adhering to the formula .of that recipe, Mrs. Bushell ac- quired her great name; and also thus, secundum artem, did she administer to coughs, colds, sore throats, &c. — the medicine proving not only palateable to the ail- ing, but to the convalescent also, and even to those of "constitution sound and strong," all degrees of per- sons flocked to Mrs. Bushell's laboratory, to taste and to try the efficacy of the most celebrated and admired, if not the most serviceable, prescription the good doctor ever wrote. So eulogised is this toffy, that strangers seldom visit Everton and its vicinity without taking a quantity of it with them on their return homeward. A son of Mrs. Bushell's (John), now grown old, still dwells in the township, and loves to linger among the haunts of his young and happy days ; he is a harm- less individual, and familiarly known to every inmate of the village as "old Johnny Bushell." The old buildings on the premises of the Andertons have been already noticed ; at the front of those old buildings there were benches fixed, on which, in fine weather, GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 325 the ancient nobles of Everton delighted to assemble, and to converse on foreign and domestic affairs ; in summer time, this spot might have been styled the evening Rialto of Everton : nor was it always occupied by the sage and the hoary, for it was a rendezvous for the young, where they assembled to make merry at the cross, which stood exactly opposite the residence of the Andertons. How altered is the scene now ! the cross has been removed, the favourite benches of the lords of Everton' s soil are neglected and deserted — the modern nobles of Everton being fonder of reposing their limbs on cushioned chairs and costly couches, in the perfumed air of crowded rooms, than to enjoy the healthy, wholesome air of early evening, in the friendly, humble manner of the ancient possessors of the soil. The property of the Andertons has also two fronts, but on the north, or that part fronting to Rupert-lane, there are not any buildings as yet erected. On the east, adjoining the property of the Anderton family, lies locality 20, b, which in the year 1790 was, and previous to that period, from time immemo- rial, had been, the property and place of residence of another very ancient Everton family, named Rice.* The Rices were long extensive proprietors of Ever- ton's soil; and some considerable and valuable lots of Everton land were left to his grandchildren by the last of that family bearing the name of Rice : the * In the year 1 790, there was a plot of ground, with houses thereon, at the top of Everton-brow, owned by another family of the name of Rice ; these latter-named Rices resided at Bootle. 326 HISTORY OF EVERTON. name, however, is now extinct in the township, and the property has descended to relatives of other names, one of whom, Mr. Edmund Mawdsley, the grandson of the late Mr. E. Rice, has heen already mentioned in the section of the south district, where he resides ; and he, together witli one or two cousins, of the name of Dale, inherited all the remaining Everton posses- sions of the Rices of Everton. The southern part of locality 20, b, which is much the greater, is now the property of the family of the late Rev. Johnson Tatlock, where his worthy widow now resides. The son and only child of the late Rev. Johnson Tatlock is heir to much valuable property in Everton. This residence was greatly improved, embellished, and modernized, about twenty years ago, for the occupation of Mrs. Gregson, the widow of the late John Gregson, Esq., formerly a banker of Liverpool, and who long resided at an excel- lent villa, in the south-west district. This domicile of the Rices, which was originally a better kind of farm- house, with out-offices attached, was, at the time above stated, transformed into an elegant place, so far as regards its interior, thus strongly exhibiting Mrs. Gregson's superior taste and tact in the economy and arrangement of a genteel residence. It may not be omitted to remark here, that this and the adjacent spots have every appearance of having been the first settled parts of the township; the seed, germ, or origin of the village of Everton. On the north part of locality 20, b, are a few small-sized houses, of GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 327 modern erection; at the largest of these, a neat compact building, which fronts to Everton-village, resides a personage, who must not pass unnoticed in these annals. At this place Mr. William Shaw dwells, who may be styled Everton's executive, for the onus, or, in humbler language, the weight and practical execution, of all its public business rests with him; who most certainly performs the multifarious and complicated duties of his offices to the satisfaction of the entire community. Mr. Shaw seems to be possessed of physical and mental capacities commen- surate to the business he has to accomplish ; he is active, vigilant, prompt, and clear-sighted; he has a skill too in clerkship, that might put to the blush many a better-paid public functionary : he has the routine of the town's affairs at his fingers end; and were it not for form's sake, there would be little need to convene more than one periodical public meeting for local-legislature and municipal purposes; at all such meetings, however, Mr. Shaw's intelligence is conspicuous and serviceable, yet always given in an unobtrusive manner. It must not be omitted to ac- knowledge that much matter in these pages has been obtained through the instrumentality of Mr. Shaw. In the section of Antiquities, notice has been already taken of the old house which stands a few yards on the north of Mr. Shaw's dwelling; that ancient domicile is still the home of the lowly in life ; it is tenanted by a gardener, who is well-known throughout the township as a hard-working man, 328 HISTORY OF EVERTON. would that it could be added, a temperate one. In the year 1815, John Pyke, Esq. erected a very good family-house, fronting Rupert-lane, at the north- west pail of this locality (19, k). In the year 1801, the village road was widened and improved, by draw- ing a straight line along the east part of this locality, from the old house where Charles Stevenson now lives, to the north extremity of the village, where several roads meet, a place which long went by the name of the " Four-lane-ends. " At the time of widening this road, an old building was taken down, which stood opposite to the west front of locality 17, m, and served for a barn, or such like purpose. The remain- ing part of the centre district of Everton still to be delineated is principally pastoral; here and there, indeed, are some detached places where buildings have been erected, and very recently several builders have commenced operations somewhat extensively in this quarter. At the four-lane-ends a melancholy and distressing accident occurred, on the 27th November, 1829 : by us short-sighted mortals, such events are too often regarded as unkind, if not cruel, visitations of provi- dence; but this is not the case, for our severest trials are useful lessons, to ourselves or to the world. He who doth not disregard the "fall of a sparrow," in His wisdom determines the length of man's life; some are permitted to live to the age of weakness and decrepitude, whilst infants, and even babes, are doomed to be smitten by death in the earliest stages GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 329 of their existence ; it is our duty, therefore, resign- edly, and even thankfully, to bow to the strokes that God inflicts, for his ordinances have ever been founded in wisdom and goodness. The following account of this fatal accident is copied from the Albion. " A gig, containing a gentleman and his servant, on turning the corner where a foundation for a new house had been recently dug, about four feet deep, was precipitated therein, dragging with it three of the lovely children of Mr. and Mrs. Fleming, of Ever- ton-terrace. One fine boy, an only son, was killed on the spot, a sweet girl most dangerously hurt, and the third, a charming little girl, seriously injured. The poor children were looking into the foundation from that side of the causeway furthest from the middle of the road, where they ought to have been safe. And this very lamentable accident has arisen from driving, perhaps prematurely, a hard-mouthed, but partially-broken young horse. The gentleman and his servant escaped with little injury, but the former was much affected, and forthwith despatched his servant for medical assistance, appearing fully to appreciate the severity of the affliction which he had been the means of casually bringing upon the parents of the infant sufferers." From the village, along the left of the road, to locality 13, b, every thing remains much in the same state as it was in the year 1790, with the exception of some few houses now erecting at the west end of locality 1 7, c. About fifteen years ago, 330 HISTORY OF EVERTON. a Mr. Gillespie formed a very pretty villa, and erected at its south front an excellent house, on locality 13, b. In summer this is a delightful situation, and in con- sequence of several houses having been of late clus- tered together, the neighbourhood has become safer and pleasanter in winter; there seems, indeed, a disposition to create a populous community in this quarter; for the localities 13, b, and 13, c, in par- ticular, promise to be very shortly plentifully studded with the domiciles of man. Two short streets are now laid out in locality 13, c, wherein a few small- sized houses are built ; and on the east of the eastern- most street is the pleasant villa of Joseph Fry, Esq., who has erected a handsome mansion thereon, at which he resides. A little way on the east of the last named is a very pretty villa, the property of the heirs of the late Mr. Edward Rogerson, where he himself long dwelt : this villa stands on the south-west part of locality 21, d. The late Mr., or, as he was familiarly called, " Neddy Rogerson," had much singularity of manner, but " take him for all in all " he was a well meaning, useful member of society : he had a particular habit of larding his conversations with ejaculations, such as "Eh ! ah ! O ! aye ! aye ! " these monosyllables were constantly slipping off his tongue ; and his undevia- ting mode of greeting was " Ha' dun ye ? ha' dun ye?" which was spoken with an emphasis and a raciness of style that never failed " to linger long on the listener's ear," and as seldom failed to move, GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 331 as it were, galvanically, the risible muscles of his auditors' faces. Mr. Rogerson's reputation stood high as an amateur M. D., yet not exactly so either, for amateurs practise without looking for pecuniary reward, hut Mr. Rogerson both took, and expected a fee. The disease he professed to combat was the jaundice, or, as he called it, the janders. Many sought to possess the secret of Mr. Rogerson's panacea, but none could discover it; many said, and some thought, that his cures were effected by incantation ; be that as it may, cures were effected, and as to incantation, it is most likely it had its origin in a little ruse of Mr. Rogerson himself, for he once told a gentleman, who put the question to him, touching his treatment of patients, that "he cured the janders mainly by magic." Cures, however, as before stated, were effected; but after all, there are good reasons to lead to the belief, that Mr. Rogerson was only the sleeping partner of nature; she doing all the work, whilst his incanta- tions gave to patients the required confidence and con- sequent patience. Poor nature ! many a regular M. D. treats thee not a jot more gratefully, for in millions of cases, like their brother Rogerson, they reap both the profit and the credit due to thy works ! The excellent house which stands on this south- west part of locality 21, d, was erected by Mr. Rogerson, who died suddenly near the place, on the 16th June, 1814, aged 82 years. Adjoining the last- noticed villa, at the south-east part of locality 21, d, 332 HISTORY OF EVERTON. is another very charming residence, called the " Odd- house," which, together with the entire locality, was in the year 1790 the property of the Rogersons; hut the Odd-house now helongs to the heirs of the late Rev. Henry Barton, whose very worthy widow was its last occupier; and at this villa this excellent gentleman and his widow died. The house is a compound of ancient and modern architecture ; the old dwelling, at several modern periods, having heen aided in the way of space and accommodation, hy the addition of adjunct buildings. This place was called the Odd-house in the year 1 768, as may he observed on examining a map drawn up by the late Messrs. Yates and Perry; but in the year 1716, it was called Kenny on' s-house, as appears by the old map in the town's chest. It is hinted here that, a little way on the north of the Odd-house villa, a road might be very advantageously formed to run west- wardly into Church-street, near to the east end of Priory-lane : were such a road formed, it would offer great accommodation to church-goers and others from the Breck. From the Odd-house in Breck-lane to the mere, along the whole line on the west of Hangfield-lane, there is only one dwelling, and that is a diminutive, though pretty lodge-like building, standing on the narrow neck of land fronting to Hangfield-lane, and forming the east part of locality 22, a, which, with the exception of a short length at its south part, is still in its pristine, pastoral state; most certainly GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 333 pastoral, for grass grows in all parts of it, except where men and cattle tread, and the wheels of vehicles occasionally roll ; but for about one hundred yards in length, or a little more, the south end of Hangfield-lane is paved, and on the east side a parapet is formed. The lodge previously alluded to is the property of William Perry, Esq., and serves as an outpost of protection to the eastern parts of his property, no other dwelling being near this secluded habitation. A field's breadth distant on the north is the mere, which has been noticed in the early part of this section. Across the road, on the south-west of the mere, is locality 16, f; this extensive and valuable piece of land has been recently sold by Seacome Ellison, Esq. to Charles Eyes, Esq. ; and in the autumn of 1829, the architect commenced operations on this lot, where one or two houses are already nearly run up. Great has been the advance in the value of lands at Everton, even in these its eastern or interior parts ; for, in the year 1724, this identical piece of land (locality 16,/), together with two other parcels of land at Everton, measuring in the whole 4 A. IR. 6p., of which, this lot, 16, /, was BA. OR. 22p., was sold for £84 10s. ; and, in the year 1828, this particular portion of that sale was sold for about three thousand pounds. Adjoining the last-named property is locality 19, i, or Beacon-hey, which, in the year 1790, was one large undivided piece of land, the property of the heirs of the late Thomas Heyes, Esq. ; the land of this locality 334 HISTORY OF EVERTON. is now subdivided and parcelled out amongst several proprietors. The north part is held in trust by Charles Okill, Esq., and others, for their children, who are some of the heirs of the late Woodhouse, Esq. Mr. Okill is the talented secretary to the committee of the corporate body of Liverpool ; he resided for some time at Everton, and did much good and gra- tuitous service to the township; but a wider and a more profitable field for the exercise of his talents and abilities presented itself at Liverpool; and he has rendered very essential service to the authorities of that town, of which they have given many proofs, and have often declared they are sensible. At the east part of the north division of locality 19, i, there is a bowling-green ; this establishment was formed by subscription in the year 1822; the green is spacious, and embellished and accommodated with a handsome alcove, in which are convenient sitting- rooms for the subscribers ; it is nearly planted round with shrubs, and, on the whole, has a pleasing appear- ance. The members of this bowling-establishment are most respectable persons of Everton, Liverpool, and other neighbouring places. The remainder of this north division of locality 19, i, lying west of the bowling-green, is in the occupa- tion of Mr. Alexander Thompson, who has converted that portion into a nursery for horticultural purposes. Mr. Thompson was high constable of Everton for some years. The centre division of locality 19, i, is a large patch GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 335 of pasture land, where, through the medium of a sJwrt pump, a top-spring affords an excellent supply of good water — top-springs might be found at most places hereabout, by penetrating a few feet below the surface of the soil. The substratum here, and every where in this part, is composed of the reddish-coloured rock already noticed. This patch of pasture-ground is the property of John Pyke, Esq. On the south of Mr. Pyke's part of locality 19, i, is the south portion of Beacon-hey, the property of William Perry, Esq., who is also the proprietor of the adjoining large piece of land, marked 22, #, called Hungry-croft ; at the west part of which, Mr. Perry has formed a delightful villa, and about twenty-five years ago erected there a spacious, commodious man- sion, at which he has ever since resided, for the prin- cipal part of each year. Mr. Perry's house stands pleasantly removed from the noise and bustling incon- veniences of a main highway, and, by a good private road, is accessible from Church-street. Mr. Perry is a surgeon, and has long stood at the head of that par- ticular part or branch of his profession known by the name or term of surgeon-dentist ; his business is con- ducted at Liverpool, where by talent, assiduity, and courtesy, he has raised himself high in the commu- nity's estimation, and, as a natural consequence, fortune has favoured him. The locality 13, a, is now much altered on its west and north-west parts : on the north-west there are two small residences, and also a large house, with 336 HISTORY OF EVERTON. grounds attached; at the latter, Mr. John Coleman conducts a very respectable seminary. With excellent abilities, this gentleman bent his attention, at an early age, to acquire the requisite knowledge for conducting an extensive and respectable academy, and, therefore, it is presumed, he must have commenced his present undertaking with the necessary qualifications. Youth are received at this establishment as full-boarders, as day-boarders, and as day-pupils; a gymnasium makes a conspicuous feature in the scene, from the main-road, being fixed in the play-ground of this seminary. The house in which Mr. Coleman resides was many years under construction ; the builder main- tains that such a mode of seasoning will ensure dura- bility, but time must put the truth or fallacy of his axiom to the test. About the year 1823, James Heyworth, Esq. built the very handsome range of red brick stabling, &c. which now stands at the south-west corner of locality 13, a, fronting to Church-street ; the building contains a lodge, and in its rear are piggeries, poultry-yards, &c., constructed on plans as admirable as they are extensive and commodious. The little spot on the map, on locality 27, 6, oppo- site to Mr. Dyson's lodge-gates, across the road on the east, marks the site of a cottage, or rather a hut- tage, which stood there for a great number of years. This miserable abode of man has been razed to the ground ; the act was most humane, for it was a dark, dank, damp, and rheumatic-fever-begetting hovel ; its GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 337 roof was sieve-like, its floor of soft clay, at all times fit for the potter's use, for it was constantly kept moist with rain, that was constantly dripping through the dilapidated roof, and kept properly tempered by the incessant trampling of the barefooted offspring of the poor tenants. So miserably necessitated are some of our fellow-creatures, that there is no hovel, however ruinous, or likely to produce disease, or otherwise miserably uncomfortable, that is not crept into and tenanted by human beings, who with patience calcu- late to endure, or with patches to exclude, the pelting and pitiless storm. The outbuildings, consisting of coach-houses, sta- blery, barns, &c. now standing on the west front of locality 39, b, must have been erected some short time previous to the year 1800, by the late William Clarke, Esq., the younger: these buildings are attached to the villa belonging to the Waterhouse family. Although the ground hereabout has been almost reclaimed from its pristine marshy state, it is not entirely divested of its humid character : the names which these places retain, even to this day — "the Mosses," — are evidence of their once having been boggy, swampy, marshy lands ; but only in this part of the township is there evidence of marsh or moss having at any time existed at Everton. Two of these " Mosses," together with the Rye-croft, or Hey, — a piece of land close by, measuring in the whole two and a half acres, — were sold, in the year 1549, for z 338 HISTORY OF EVERTON. £15; a copy of this deed of sale, the compiler of this treatise has in his possession. There is a patch, or portion of land, which still hears the name of the GREAT-hey (locality 17, a); hut this part, which now measures SR. 16p., is the remainder only of a very large piece of land, called, from time immemorial, the Great-hey, out of which, the villas of Mrs. Waterhouse, and Messrs. Hope, Higgin- son, Allcock, and Blundell, have all heen formed. SECTION VIII. HISTORICAL SUMMARY. IT was only at a comparatively late period that Ever- ton emerged out of a state of rudeness ; much less than a hundred years ago, with perhaps one or two solitary exceptions, the township was inhabited by persons of the plainest rural manners, and of truly rustic habits. In the latter part of the last century, a few settlers from the neighbouring town of Liverpool were the first to introduce genteel manners and a polish into Everton society : a few eminent, and some humble merchants of that great commercial town, desirous of relaxation from busines, settled themselves on Everton-hill ; where, with every advantage of a rural residence, they were still not too far removed from the town's conveniences, and at hand and ready, when required, to aid or conduct their commercial enterprizes. Another advantage, possessed at most times by these trading settlers, was, that they could view the egress and ingress of the Liverpool argosies, and also note the general movements of the vessels of 340 HISTORY OF EVERTON. that port in which they were themselves directly or indirectly interested. It requires not the inspiration or the gift of a pro- phet, to predict that Everton is destined to be a place of great consequence; the obscurity, insignificance, and humility in which it lay for many ages past, will shortly be contrasted with proud prospects and brilliant events: its late green sward is fast being covered with magnificent mansions, and multitudes of more humble dwellings; in fine, the township of Everton will be soon a sharer in the commercial fame and immense trade of its neighbour, — it might indeed be said, of its semi-self, — the town of Liverpool ; a town that, from its late rapid strides to eminence, may lay claim to the title of modern Tyre. In ancient times, Everton must have been consi- dered little other than a large farm or estate ; for the whole township or manor has been frequently, and at one swoop, conveyed or transferred, by gift or sale, as well by royal personages, as also by patrician, and even by plebeian, subjects of the realm. By a docu- ment, a copy of which will be found in the Appendix, it appears that Everton had, previously to the year 1761, provided two soldiers for the state; but, on ac- count of the then small value of the township, was relieved of one-half of this impost, and, by the order of the magistrates, was then charged and directed to raise only one soldier for public service. At this period the population of Everton was very limited; indeed, it is somewhat remarkable that, from the year HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 341 1327 to the close of the seventeenth century, so little increase took place in the number of its inhabitants, as may be observed on inspecting the tables given in the appendix to this work. At so late a period as immediately previous to the parliamentary war, the stupid and barbarous belief of witchcraft existed at Everton ; for an entry, which was made in the town's accounts of the year 1761, treats of a certain witch Mary. Really, it is nearly incredible that our almost immediate ancestors should have been so besotted : will our posterity have any thing like this to charge us with ? The principal parts of the generalities of the history of Everton, previous to the early part of the eigh- teenth century, have been given in the first sec- tion of this treatise ; and nothing on which national affairs can be said to be grafted or blended with its history appears on the records, which for the most part are comparatively modern, until the siege of Liverpool, which occurred in the year 1 644, by King Charles' forces, under the command of Prince Rupert. Of this siege several versions are extant, all agreeing in the main, and from which, collectively, the follow- ing account is selected and compiled. On collating all the existing data of the siege of Liverpool during the parliamentary war, it would appear that Prince Rupert, having taken Bolton by storm, remained there a few days to refresh his army ; after which, in the latter part of the month of May, he marched to the attack of Liverpool, in the imme- 342 HISTORY OF EVERTON. diate neighbourhood of which town, it is pretty clearly ascertained, he arrived on the evening of the first of June, 1644; and, in the first instance, commenced, or prepared to commence, his operations of siege on its north side, having, doubtless, received good infor- mation that on that side it was the weakest and most vulnerable ; the result shews that, if he acted on such information, it was substantially correct. It was not long, however, ere the prince discovered the disad- vantages that presented themselves to a besieging army on the north of Liverpool j for the ground there was only on a level with the town, whereas, on the east and south-east, its immediate vicinage was over- looked and commanded by high hills. Seeing that there was no chance of carrying the place by a coup- de-main, on the second of June, the prince changed his plan of operations ; he marched his army to Ever- ton, placed his soldiers in camps on the common, near to and around the beacon, and established his head- quarters at a cottage on the crest or south-east pail of Everton-brow. This cottage is well known, and has received notice in this treatise, under the title of Prince Rupert's head-quarters ; as to his officers, they were principally quartered at the houses or cottages of the village, some of which also still remain in very tolerable habitable condition. The prince raised a battery on a natural platform, or flat piece of ground, which lies some few yards on the south of the cottage, and, in the first instance, from that battery the town of Liverpool was cannonaded ; but the distance was HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 343 too great for carrying into effect this offensive opera- tion, therefore more advanced batteries were con- structed, on ground westward of where the king's statue, in London-road, now stands; and trenches were formed on the ground which runs north and south along the crest or upper part of Shaw's-brow, and on land that is now intersected by the upper or eastern parts of Hunter-street, Gerard-street, and Circus- street. It would appear, however, that neither from the batteries of Shaws-brow, nor of Everton, were sufficient breaches made to warrant the storming Liverpool on the south-east side ; for the defences in that quarter had been principally constructed of sacks of wool, which were piled up on the interior sides of hastily-formed mud walls — this wool had been brought to Liverpool by certain emigrant Irish protestants, who, having escaped the massacre of 1641, formed a valuable reinforcement to the garrison of Liverpool. As to the south and west sides of Liverpool, they were efficiently protected by the river and the pool; in the latter, the tide flowed by where the Old-dock was, and where Paradise-street, Whitechapel, (for- merly Frog-lane,) and the Old Haymarket now are. But the prince, having received confirmation of the besieged town being vulnerable on the north side, attacked it on that side, and carried it by escalade and storm, about three o'clock in the morning of the 26th June, 1644; his soldiers put to death all they met with, until they came to the high-cross, which stood upon the spot where the town-hall now stands* 344 HISTORY OF EVERTON. Here the prince's troops met with a regiment of soldiers from the castle, who beat a parley, and de- manded quarter. This was granted them on their submitting to become prisoners of war, and on sur- rendering the castle to the prince : thus ended that siege of Liverpool. But not long after the place was re-possessed by the parliament, and accordingly, in the latter part .of the year 1644, the parliamentary Lieutenant-General Meldrum had command of the place. It is somewhat strange that tradition is silent on any remarkable event which may have occurred in Everton, during its occupancy by the troops of Prince Rupert; save that, during the siege (or, as some with more latitude say, during the civil wars) the clergy of Liverpool, being driven out of that town for their loyalty to their unfortunate king, solemnized several marriages at the beacon, then standing at Everton. Of course, to such holy and loyal persons, the Prince, who was nephew to Charles I., would afford his utmost protection. But there are some trifling affairs connected with the siege, traditionally handed down to a few of the elder of the now living inhabitants of Everton, one of whom can even point out the places where the holes in the rock are, or were, in which the flag-staffs of Prince Rupert are said to have been fixed. One of those places was a few yards north- east of the easternmost door on the north side of Prince Rupert's cottage -, the other is on the north, across the road called Everton-brow, and opposite to Rupert's cottage ; this last place was formerly within HISTORICAL SUMMARY. - 345 the rails, but is now part of the parapet on the west of the coffee-house. It is said there were some niusquet or cannon balls found near Prince Rupert's quarters at Everton, and that those balls were in the possession of the late Matthew Gregson, Esq. There can be little doubt that the skeletons of two men, which were found in the cemetery of the church of St. George, at Everton, a few years ago, were those of two soldiers of Prince Rupert, that had been interred there, sans ceremonie, during the siege, for it is authentically stated, that his troops encamped near the beacon. The officers attached to the troops of Prince Rupert, who were encamped near the old beacon, had excellent quarters in two good dwellings which stood within a few yards of the beacon itself, and, as accords with undisputed tradition, one of those dwellings was a public-house; the soldiers would have all the advantages at hand, which surplusage of pay or booty could purchase for them. It is not recorded how the people of Everton were affected or disposed during the siege; it is, however, very strongly surmised, that they subscribed to the tenets of the Vicar of Bray, for it does not appear that injury was inflicted, or censure cast, on Everton's inhabitants, by either of the belligerent parties. There is the following passage in Gores' directory for 1829 : " the hollow way to Everton " (from Liverpool) " to be made passable for man and cart — 1663" — but where and what this hollow way was, it must be the business of the antiquarian to discover, 346 HISTORY OF EVERTON. none being now alive, at Everton, who even know where the place was ; hut, as there was then hut one knotvn main road to Everton, it may be very plausibly surmised, that this hollow way was Byrom-street. Although on the very precincts of Everton there are great public roads, which lead to the principal towns of Britain, yet through the township itself, no direct road passes to any place of material conse- quence :* from this circumstance there is something gained in the advantages derivable from privacy of situation; although much of it may be lost, when the township becomes more densely settled. It is, however, very advantageous to Everton that no pro- hibitory local municipal law, real or pretended, exists to forbid settlers to domicile themselves, or to carry on trade, in the township : this freedom and facility will lead much industry and talent into the place, when need shall require them, and which it is very probable will soon be the case. There is a circumstance connected with Low-hill, not generally known, touching the impolicy of muni- cipal prohibitory enforcements, ancient illiberal prac- tices, and injudicious by-laws, which now, thank heaven ! are deemed too obnoxious to be enforced, and are, indeed, almost obsolete ; and as the scene of the circumstance lies but a few yards from the south * The good and bold road now just formed by the junction of Shaw- street and the Netherfield roads, and the projected boundary roads, will present most admirable advantages to travellers, as they will constitute most convenient and spacious lines of communication between the London-road and the great North-road. HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 347 border of Everton, it may not be deemed altogether irrelevant to introduce the matter here. Some tune about the middle part of the last century, a Mr. Savage (probably a Scotsman) had settled himself in the linen trade at Liverpool, where his business throve to his heart's content ; but the common-council of that borough (who were for the most part traders themselves), instigated by prudence, or parsimony, or perhaps by patriotism, at length, with a by-law, ejected Mr. Savage from the town of Liverpool; he did not, however, remove his establishment to any great distance ; he fitted up a house which stood on Low-hill, and such was his celebrity in regard to the goodness and cheapness of his commodities, that the people of Liverpool flocked to his warehouse, and, in consequence, his business wonderfully encreased ; nor was this all, for many settlers (aliens especially) removed, and others prepared to leave Liverpool for the neighbourhood where Mr. Savage had established his mail : and had not the prohibitory decrees of the wise men of Gotham been rescinded, Low-hill, aye, and probably Everton-hill also, had stood in rivalry, as to internal commerce, with the now lordly town of Liverpool -, but be that as it may, had not the restric- tive or prohibitory system been abandoned, Liverpool, at this time, would, perhaps, have been only a tenth- rate place of trade. Reverting again to the great high-roads, that one which lies in the south, called London-road, will pro- bably never much directly advantage Everton ; but as 348 HISTORY OF EVERTON. the great north-road touches its north-west comer, Everton thereby will ultimately be much benefited. The circumstance of that road running through the village of Kirkdale; the presence of that stupen- dous, yet handsome erection, the house of correction ; and the proximity of the now-constructing north docks of Liverpool, must, after a time, convert the township of Kirkdale into consequence and value; at present the place is found to be fertile by hor- ticulturists, and until lately was a pleasant, rural, and sequestered spot. For many years the townships of Everton and Kirkdale had a copartnery of liability laid on them to raise each the fraction of a man for the militia; that is, on the supposition that six men were to be raised, Everton may have had three whole men to provide, Kirkdale two entire men, and the united townships furnished the sixth man at their joint expense; but the practice has been discontinued for some years. Previous to entering on the history of Everton during the nineteenth century, it may be as well to dilate on, and endeavour, in an historical way, to concisely connect, the most material of the minutes found recorded on the books of the township, (the earliest of which bears the date of 1731,) and to graft on them such matter as may appear pertinent to the subject. In the year 1731, as is usual now, the inhabitants of Everton annually met at certain periods to scan their past, regulate their present, and direct HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 349 their future affairs; in those days the constables of Everton were chosen yearly, according to what is termed house-row, that is, impartially, or in turn ; but the duties of the office were so light, that the person chosen had no difficulty in getting a substitute, who was glad to take the office on payment from the township of the small sum of 10s. per annum; the township also gave 10s. to some one able to wield the pen,* for writing the accounts. On looking over the account of expenditure for the year 1731, it appears that the small sum of £9 4s. 3d. was disbursed to defray the entire of the township's public expenses ; what a contrast this forms with the present state of Everton's financial affairs ! For the year 1828, ending in March 1829, the sum of £2,107 16s. 3d. was required, exclusive of the sums raised to pay the watchmen, of which no accounts are published. Great as the difference is, in a few years it will probably be much extended; therefore it is imperative on the authorities of Everton to check pauperism as much as possible, in a legal and humane manner; and as we English are a nation fond of precedents, it may not be amiss to refer those authorities to a minute made in the town's book, on the 20th June, 1754. (See Appendix.) Everton once had a share in a workhouse at Orms- kirk, but in the year 1818, the copartnery was dis- solved, which some think has been disadvantageous * To be able to write was no mean qualification, in those days, at Everton. 350 HISTORY OF EVERTON. to Everton; but ultimately, and not remotely, it will be found that the township must have its own poor- house, within its own tenitorial limits, and under the near and direct surveillance and management of its own authorities, otherwise the demands of the out- door poor will be clamorous, and their claims be found excessively expensive to satisfy. It has been suggested that an additional building, placed on the south of the pinfold-cottage, would serve for a work- house— perhaps the suggestion is good, and worthy of immediate consideration. It appears, in the town's accounts, that the wages paid a hundred years ago to a working man, at Ever- ton, was tenpence, and for a horse one shilling, per diem. These accounts also shew that formerly the inhabitants of Everton kept the beacon in repair, for a charge is there made to that effect, in the year 1 734, but since then nothing of a similar nature is recorded in those transactions ; but as to the ancient cross, and the dial thereon, they have frequently been repaired and kept in order at the town's charge — and why have that ancient relique and the poor man's clock been removed? — there does not appear any minute on the books of the township to order or sanction the measure. In the year 1741, it is stated, " the boundaries were walked ; " this should be a hint sufficient to remind us, that it would be desirable and advantageous to direct certain officers, and a posse of the town's people, annually to "walk the liberties;" nor should parsimony HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 351 urge us to stint the order to the walk only, let refresh- ments, on a moderate and temperate scale, be provided, and the day will arrive when the youth of Everton will joyfully ask, " When will liberty-day arrive ? " Such a feeling should be now excited, and continually encouraged. In the year 1744, the charge of 6s. for "journeys to Prescot about the papists," and the charge of Is. lOd. for searching the township of Everton "for papists," too plainly indicate the temper of the times preluding the civil war ; but Everton does not seem to have been much troubled with warlike proceedings, nor does it appear that any papists, at least none that proved troublesome, were found; but certainly the sound of preparation was made, the town's arms were cleaned and repaired, and a goodly muster must have been made on the occasion, for the repairs of those arms cost the sum of 2s. lOd. ! but, to speak seriously, it would seem that only one, or at most, some two or three, musquets were all the town could have pos- sessed; however the enemy came not, and the prowess of the Evertonians of that day was never tried. In the same year, 1744, a share in the workhouse at Ormskirk was purchased, of which notice has been already taken ; five pounds is stated to be the sum Everton paid for its share or interest in the building. In the year 1 746, it would appear that the paviour made his first appearance in Everton, as may be gathered from the words of an entry made in the town's books that year ; latterly, however, he has had a fine 352 HISTORY OF EVERTON. harvest in the township, where nearly a thousand pounds are annually spent on the roads; but seeing that it is spent, and, for the most part, advantageously to the community, we should not grudge the little we individually contribute of outlay, but rather rejoice that, in improving our ways, we are benefiting posterity. It is much to be wondered at, that until the year 1749 the inhabitants of Everton took no steps to secure their public books and documents of value; in that year, however, they directed that a strong chest should be provided for the purpose, and accord- ingly, at the cost of twenty-six shillings, the measure was accomplished, and the chest then procured still lays claim to be the sole secure archives of Everton. Until the above year little notice seems to have been taken of the encroachment of individuals, who at their pleasure carted away the soil from the lanes, and, as it would appear, took slices from the highways, to add to their own possessions ; but in this year (1749) the inhabitants of Everton resolved to check, and, indeed, entirely stop, those proceedings, for they passed resolutions to have the aggressing parties called upon, and payment demanded of them for acts of infringement; at the same time it was ordered, that such proceedings should not be permitted in future, without the sanction of the community having been first duly obtained. In or about the year 1 754, there would appear to have been symptoms of a dis- position to build cottages, and introduce prospective HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 353 paupers into the township, for, at a meeting of the inhabitants of Everton in that year, it was resolved, that persons letting cottages should save the town- ship harmless from the expense that might accrue from their tenants becoming hurthensome to the township. It might be advantageous to its present inhabitants to keep sight of the measures adopted by our predecessors of 1754. Passing on to the year 1763, it appears that there was then certain waste land near the old beacon, part of the lease of 115 acres, which, not having been allotted to any particular individual, might, so far as regards the leasehold interest, be deemed the property of the township. In 1 763, this land was first let by the township, at 2s. 6d. per annum, to Henry Hardwar, Esq., the collector of customs, Liverpool, who resided at the house near to the old beacon, which is shewn in the plate given in this work, but the right of road to the beacon was reserved ; and in the same year the inhabitants of the township let a piece of land, called the " Netherfield-lane," to R. Lunt, for £3 3s. per annum — this must have been a large lot, and from subsequent circumstances appears nearly iden- tified with locality 23 b. In 1764 leave was given to Mr. Halsall to remove the pinfold that stood in what is now called Rupert- lane, which was carried into effect some years after- wards by the late Mr. Harper, or rather the walls of the old pinfold were razed, and another was constructed at the north end of Netherfield-lane north. 2 A 354 HISTORY OF EVERTON. In 1765 the land near the beacon was sold to H. Hard war, Esq., reserving a road to the beacon, and this land now forms part of the cemetery, &c. of the church of St. George. In the year 1770 the place where the bridewell now stands was sold by the late J. Seacome, Esq. to the township for £20, as is stated more particularly in the section of General Observa- tions. It was at this place that the late Joshua Rose, Esq. proposed to build a church at his own expense, the foundation of which was commenced; but the project was given up, as is supposed, in consequence of a want of concert between the constituted autho- rities of Everton and Mr. Rose. It will be found in the town's accounts, that even so »late as 1774, the authorities of Everton had the libe- rality to keep the poor-man's clock in repair, for the dial on the cross was "squared" in that year. In 1 775 Mr. Rose rented the Netherfield for £4 per annum, and in 1777 purchased it for £140; the description given of the place pretty closely identifies it with loca- lity 23, b. Soon after this period the south end of the road called Everton-lane, leading from Everton village to Low-hill, was altered ; and in 1 780 Mr. Rose was ordered to pay Mr. Gregson, out of the pur- chase money of the Netherfield-lane land, the "money Mr. Gregson had expended on the roads when he was in office." In the year 1787 a stone-jug or bridewell was built on the triangular patch of land lately walled and railed in, at the upper part of Everton-brow : such HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 355 an erection might have suited the temper and the exigencies of the times in which it was erected ; but how does it suit the temper and the exigencies of these enlightened times ? To reply, would be to reflect on the intellectual attainments of the present inhabitants of Everton. . Surely this apology for a stronghold will be razed to the ground, and its site occupied with something more becoming and useful — and what would be the expense ? so little, indeed, that it would be scarcely felt, comparatively speaking, by such a wealthy and respectable community as that of Everton ; whilst the advantages to be attained would be great and many. Somewhere hereabout a large hall should be erected, in which the inhabitants of the township might conve- niently and comfortably assemble; the chief constable's offices, and even his residence, might be fixed here : a spacious bridewell might also be constructed, with the additional advantage of having secure archives in which to deposit the township's books and docu- ments of value and interest. This last, indeed, is a necessary measure, for it is astonishing how few documents are now to be met with, touching Everton' s public affairs ; that many documents exist, there is little doubt, but most of them are missing, and in all likelihood they lie neglected among the family papers of persons formerly in authority at Everton; yet so supine, or so suspicious, are the representatives of those persons, that all applications 356 HISTORY OF EVERTON. to recover, or even to inspect them, with scarcely a single exception, are and have heen unsuccessful. In the year 1787, it was ordered that a lamp should he fixed on the bridewell; but the measure was never carried into effect. It somewhat ludi- crously occurred, that the high constable of Everton and his fidus Achates were the first prisoners who were incarcerated in this bridewell. It seems that the worthy smith of Everton, the late Mr. George Mercer, had a wag of a journeyman, who, under the directions and superintendence of the constable, placed locks, bolts, and other fastnesses on this petty-prison ; the smith had just completed his work, when the constable and his deputy stepped into the interior to examine the fitness and correctness of things ; but no sooner had the men of authority graced the interior with their presence, than the merry blacksmith turned the key of the outer lock, and leisurely walked away. The bawls and calls of the guiltless creatures, thus unexpectedly shut up in " durance vile," brought some stray passengers to hear their sad plaints, who, on receiving due instructions, proceeded to the smith's laboratory, and with proper petition or remonstrance, there and then made, softened the heart of Vulcan's mischievous son 5 for after treating the applicants with a joke to fit the occasion, he presented the key of the dungeon, and forthwith the entrapped men of authority were set free. In the year 1795, the charge of 2s. for making HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 357 four privy searches every year was discontinued; this charge annually makes its appearance in the township's book, from the earliest date found there, which is that of 1731. It would appear that this custom of privy-search was formerly a national prac- tice, and an indispensable part of the duty of the chief constable of every township, &c.; it was an investiga- tion or search after all ill-disposed strangers, aliens, improper settlers, or sojourners. Of course it is to be presumed, that such obnoxious characters, when found, were dealt with according to law, or the then general mode of punishment. The custom was what may be termed a " good old-fashioned measure," and might, under proper regulations, be practised now, and prove salutary. In the year 1801, the people of Everton very laudably took respectable and efficient measures to ascertain and mark their boundary lines, particularly on the side lying next to Liverpool, which was taking giant-like strides to encrease its size; for the archi- tects were even then spreading their buildings over the fair fields and pleasant places on every side, so that the people of Everton began to perceive that, in a very short period of time, the western parts of their township must be covered with dwellings and other erections for the use and convenience of man; in fine, that Liverpool and Everton must become so linked and blended together, as to present the sem- blance of one sole and single town. It will be seen, on a reference to the extracts from the town's books, 358 HISTORY OF EVERTON. that on the 20th May, 1801, a number of the land- owners of Everton and others, accompanied by one of the late* rectors of Liverpool, set eight boundary stones " to the extent of the land belonging to Ever- ton, which lies opposite to the land belonging to Liverpool; the stones are marked 1800." The names of the witnesses were Edward Rimmer, John Hogg, George Broadbent, and the worthy rector, who are dead; Peter Pownall, who has been long absent; and John Bushell, who still remains in the township. At the time now alluded to (1801), the late Mr. John Hogg was high-constable of Everton : he resigned his office in 1803. It will be, perhaps, the most perspicuous mode of proceeding, to give a statement here of the respective successors of Mr. Hogg in the constabulary depart- ment of Everton, as such a statement may tend to give a clearness of character to what will follow in these pages of the general affairs of Everton. On the resignation of Mr. Hogg, two candidates offered themselves for the office ; viz., Mr. John Lyon, and the late Mr. Joseph Ellinthorpe : Mr. Lyon was the successful candidate, at a salary of £21 per annum, with no allowance for a clerk.f This salary was inadequate, particularly without a clerk, as the person chosen for office had little other chance or prospect than that of his accounts gradually progressing into * Rev. R. H. Roughsedge. f Yet it appears that four guineas per annum were paid annually for keeping the accounts during the years 1803, 4, o, 6, and 7. HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 359 the most perfect confusion : his scholarship was un- equal to the duty he had to perform; this truth was soon made evident; for it will be seen that, in the year 1808, Mr. Joseph Ellinthorpe was placed as Mr. Lyon's coadjutor, their joint services being remune- rated with £50 per annum, and " to be allowed their necessary expenses," of course over and above their salaries. In the year 1808, the numbers of strangers, strag- glers, holiday, and other michievous visitors had become so great a nuisance, on account of their irregular and improper conduct, as to create a neces- sity to call for a levy of additional or temporary constables, and, accordingly, a number of men were hired to attend and scour over the township, on Sun- days in particular; their efforts, however, were not crowned with much direct success ; for the obstreper- ous strangers always contrived to escape apprehension : but in some degree, the measure resulted beneficially; for the very name itself of the precautionary measure, had much such an effect on the mischievous frequenters of Everton, as the smell or knowledge of the presence of a cat has, on those domestic depredators, rats and mice. The employment of extra constables, the shut- ting up of public-houses during the hours of divine ser- vice, and other salutary regulations, restored tolerable tranquillity and order to Everton on Sundays, holi- days, and indeed on all days; but, perhaps, the novelty and convenience of the steam-vessels, which carried the holiday loungers of Liverpool to the Cheshire 360 HISTORY OF EVERTON. side, was the most beneficial relief, and mainly tended to restore to Everton its wonted order and tranquillity. Toffy-hunters, it is true, continue their peregrinations to Everton; but who would be saucy or ill-behaved, whilst tasting the delicious productions of Mr. Sandi- ford's or Mrs. Cooper's delicious stores ? in such a case, sweet-mouthed civility ought to be the current language of Everton's visitors. Proceeding on with the constabulary history of Everton, it must be stated, that the united efforts of Messrs. Lyon and Ellin- thorpe, as time progressed, became less and less satisfactory to the lords and ley-payers of Everton : it moots not to enter on particulars ; suffice it at once and briefly to state, that the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants of the township, touching their constables' management, resulted in their dismissal from office. This measure was accomplished in the year 1813, when Mr. Alexander Thompson was elected high- constable, &c. of Everton, at a salary of £120 per annum; and in the year 1816, so satisfactorily had he performed the duties of his offices, that at a public meeting the sum of £21 was voted and paid him, in addition to his salary, in consideration of his able and effective services. Until the year 1820, Mr. Thomp- son continued to perform the duties' of his respective offices, and was much in favour with the inhabitants, when a defalcation in the payment due to government for the taxes of Everton was astoundingly announced. The sum supposed to be deficient was too considerable to be lightly noticed, therefore a meeting of the HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 361 inhabitants was called, and a public investigation took place, at which a deficiency of some hundred pounds was ascertained. The inhabitants were called on to provide for the liquidation of the deficiency, and of course Mr. Thompson lost his places. It ought, however, to be stated in extenuation (if the term may be used), that Mr. Thompson, when called on to account for the deficiency, explained that " he lost his pocket-book, and some hundred pounds which were therein deposited, no part of which," as he further declared, " did he ever receive back or recover." A committee was appointed to investigate and bring this unpleasant affair to a close, the result of whose labour does not appear in the town's books ; but on the 20th November, 1820, the following state- ment was published, in the form of a printed cir- cular: — "The committee appointed at a general meeting of the inhabitants of Everton, held on the 31st January last, at Halliday's coffee-house, for the purpose of examining into the deficiency of Alexander Thomp- son, the late collector of taxes ; have to state to you, that the amount was, as nearly as they could ascertain, £700 ; but from the sale of his private property, and arrears collected and paid by his trustees to the present collector, the sum is reduced to £389, to provide for which, a rate of two shillings and one penny in the pound on the whole amount of the assessed taxes for the present year will be necessary to cover the same. The assessors of the township 362 HISTORY OF EVERTON. have been called upon to make such rate, agreeable to act 43 Geo. 3, chap. 161, sect. 56. "JONATHAN BROOKS. " A. Thompson's account current has been left by his trustees with Mr. W. Shaw, the collector, for the inspection of the inhabitants." The necessity of appointing an active, prudent, and efficient person to fill the office of high-constable of Everton, now very forcibly presented itself to the minds of the inhabitants of the township ; induce- ments were held out, and considerable pains taken, to discover and bring forward respectable and competent candidates to offer themselves to fill the several offices of high constable, overseer, and tax-collector. Several persons presented themselves as candidates, and a meeting of the inhabitants was called, to select and elect the person who might be deemed most fit and proper to fulfil the then highly encreased and pro- gressively encreasing constabulary duties at Everton. The choice fell on Mr. William Shaw, and it has been proved, that on no one more capable could such a choice have fallen; but of Mr. Shaw's duties and abilities, much has been already stated in the section of General Observations. In the year 1828, the weight of Everton's public affairs became so much encreased, as to give rise to the necessity of having a deputy-constable; and accordingly, at a meeting duly convened, George Wrightson was appointed to that office, at a salary of £60 per annum; but the deputy did not continue long HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 363 in office, for, in consequence of incapacity or error, he was obliged to resign his situation, in February, 1830. On the resignation of Wrightson, it became neces- sary to elect a person to supply his place, and two candidates offered themselves to fill the situation, which is technically termed that of assistant-overseer. The parties were Charles Sandiford and William Smith. A short, but energetic canvass of the friends of both candidates took place ; and the inhabitants were called together on the 25th February, 1830, to make their selection. Accordingly, at six o'clock in the evening of that day, the rooms of Mr. Halliday at the Everton coffee-house were so crowdedly filled, as to raise alarm in the minds of some, touching the safety of their limbs, and even lives, should the extraor- dinary pressure on the floors cause them to give way. On James Atherton, Esq. being appointed to take the chair, William Robinson, Esq. proposed William Smith, and George Syers, Esq. proposed Charles Sandiford ; the sentiments of the persons assembled as to the eligibility and fitness of each candidate for the office were taken, and the numbers for each appear- ing nearly equal, a poll was decided on, and for some time the voters came forward alternately for each candidate until the 27th round, when Smith's party became exhausted of voters for that evening ; but at that period the number of votes were in Smith's favour, for the poll had proceeded according to the 364 HISTORY OF EVERTON. vestry act;* but on the side of Sandiford persons continued to vote until nine o'clock, when he had a majority of forty-one votes, and the poll closed for that night. Next morning the friends of Smith came in strength sufficient to reduce the previous evening's majority to eighteen votes against him; but during the day the party for Sandiford exerted themselves so energetically and successfully, as to place him in a great majority, when the poll finally closed at six o'clock of the evening of the second day. The contest exhibited something of the character of similar affairs as occasionally conducted at Liverpool, and the tactics of some experienced electioneerers were called into play ; the female-housekeepers of the township were canvassed, and most of them voted ; the affair altogether formed a novel and remarkable feature in the quiet history of Everton. At the close of the poll the numbers stood — For Sandiford 205 persons, 261 votes . Smith 81 — 180 — 124 81 Supposed bad votes — For Smith 2, H a Sandiford... 37, r 35 35 Leaves a real majority of 89 persons, and 46 votes in fa- vour of Sandiford. * Each person rated at any sum under £50, has one vote ; and at £50, and under £75, two votes ; at £75, and under £100, three votes j and so on until a person may give sir votes, but no more. HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 365 Having given Everton's constabulary history from the year 1800 to the present time, an account of the manner of conducting public affairs, and of events that have occurred in the township, must be continued in their regular order. The magistrates of the county, and generally the magistrate who resides nearest at hand, preside over the judicial affairs of Everton, so far as their magisterial powers extend ; but all matters, touching the general weal and local arrangements, are directed, managed, and ordered by the inhabitants at large. Parochial affairs and the surveillance of the highways, together with the laying of rates and raising the needful pecuniary supplies, to answer the exigencies of those matters, the inhabitants at large also govern, direct, and conduct, under the regulations and stipulations of the acts of parliament, in those cases made and provided. It is the custom, and has long so been, to call the inhabitants together on all cases of emergency, touch- ing the public affairs of Everton. On such occasions, they meet at the coffee-house, on the brow,* elect a chairman, and proceed to business, systematically and orderly ; and it has seldom happened that the results and final decisions of such meetings have been other than satisfactory : the public voice is forcible, and truth loves to unveil herself in large assemblies, where, * Previously to the town's-meetings being held at the present coffee- house, it was the custom of the inhabitants to meet at Boyd's, a public- house which was formerly kept by a person named Boyd, and stood where a good house is now erected, on locality 42, d, in Everton lane; part of the old dwelling still remains, on the south. 366 HISTORY OF EVERTON. in general, falsehood has so many eyes bent on her, that she is forced to slink away abashed and ashamed. This mode of conducting the legislative or municipal affairs of the township, may be all-sufficient at present; but as the population increases, the necessity of esta- blishing something that may be styled a managing municipal committee will be felt, and most likely will be effected. As to the executive or constabulary duties, those may and must be performed by adding, from time to time, consecutive recruits to that department; at present, Mr. Shaw seems to be quite competent, with the aid of one deputy, or assistant, to perform all the tasks and duties of his multifarious offices satisfactorily. There are certain fixed times when parishes and townships hold meetings, at which the inhabitants confer on, arrange, and expedite public affairs, — that is, those of the township, the paupers, the county, and the highways. The business of the three first-named is transacted at Everton in public, at Easter ; whilst by the ordi- nances of certain acts of parliament, the public meet- ings on highway affairs, particularly as to the selection and recommendation of a person to serve as the next surveyor of the roads, must be held on the forenoon of the 22d day of September, each year; adjourned meetings may be, and of course generally are, subse- quently held, to arrange, settle, and pass the past year's accounts, and to determine on any point at issue, or matter in project, or progress. HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 367 The method of convening such meetings in the township of Everton is, to have a notice of the time, place, and nature of the proposed meeting read in the church, and also to have written notices of the same placarded on the church door, and on some conspi- cuous place on or near the house at which the meeting is to be held. Although almost invariably right and truth rule in the decisions of the assemblies that con- gregate occasionally to transact public business at Everton, yet individual views, partial interests, and private manoeuvring have sometimes, for a season at least, misled and abused the municipal congresses of the township; but the energy, honesty, discrimination, and spirit of some of the assembled parties, seldom fail to detect the fallacy, sophistry, and falsehood which intrigue or private policy may adduce ; such honesty and energy generally uncovers the cloven foot, and in the end clothes the resolutions of public assemblies in the garments of usefulness and propriety. It is acknowledged, however, that some improprieties of management have been tolerated, or looked over, which forbearance has emanated more from a spirit of pity than of justice; sometimes, indeed, such things have been permitted to pass without other penalty than proclaimed or implied censure, yet some measure is generally taken at the proper times to check attempts at, or chances of, future irregularity. In matters of expenditure, it would not be amiss to limit all officers, so that, without the sanction and approbation of the ley-payers at large, no officer what- 368 HISTORY OF EVERTON. ever should be permitted to expend, on any one given object, more than a certain fixed sum. It may be as well to treat very briefly here of the taxatory concerns of Everton. With regard to those taxes that are raised under and by virtue of the powers of acts of parliament, little more of them can be noticed than what the table in the appendix states; which shews their progressive increase and com- parative amounts, so as to display, at a glance, the great disparity betwixt the amounts raised at present, and those raised in days of yore. The county rate draws heavily on Everton ; in 1815 the township was assessed for that rate at £9981 — last year its assessment for the county rate was £301 39. It would be well if some cheaper mode of procuring safety and justice could be obtained : they are dear commodities at the present cost. The lighting and nocturnal watching of Everton are modern matters. About twenty-six years ago the late John Drinkwater and James Atherton, Esqs. made the experiment, on a limited scale, of having a few of the Everton roads lighted during the dark-moons of the winter season ; the first named gentleman raised by subscription somewhere about £40, with which he commenced operations, and placed as many of the old darkness-made-visible lamps along a few roads, as the funds would permit; but there are few documents preserved touching the earlier years of Everton's lamp-lighting. Some time about the year 1814, the late John Hind, Esq. consolidated the management, HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 369 and made the /amp-lighting of Everton a general and united concern ; lie took pleasure and pride in direct- ing the operations, and most satisfactorily conducted the entire business; giving to the subscribers a printed statement of his receipts and disbursements at the end of every season, and faithfully accounting for his trust, all the duties of which he most meritoriously performed; and his system is pretty closely followed to this day. The progressive encrease in the expense of lighting the township of Everton may be immediately seen in the table given in the Appendix. It must be observed, that the late rise in the charge of lighting the town- ship is principally occasioned by the introduction of gas, in lieu of the light formerly produced from oil and wick ; but some places are still lighted by the old mode. It is to be observed, however, that the inha- bitants who reside in the vicinity of places lighted by gas, pay sixpence in the pound on their assessments, whilst others, whose vicinities are lighted in the old wick-and-oil way, pay only fourpence in the pound. It is highly to the credit of the inhabitants that, with few exceptions indeed, they voluntarily pay to the watching and lighting of the township; but it will shortly require the aid of an act of parliament to enforce and equitably regulate these matters at Ever- ton. About twenty years ago, a somewhat ludicrous event occurred, in consequence of the lack of lights in parts and places of Everton. One dark night, as Esq. and his sister were returning to their 2B 370 HISTORY OF EVERTON. dwelling on Everton-hill, from a visit they had been paying at Liverpool, their route lay along Fox-street and Great Homer-street ; when they had passed in perfect darkness so far as to judge themselves at the foot of Roscommon-street, they turned off suddenly to the east to ascend the hill, hut, to their dismay, surprise, and discomfort, they marched knee-deep into a pond, which, in those days, lay at the west end of a road or opening on the south of Roscommon- street; of course the perambulators went to the " right-about," and marched out well soaked with wet, and shiverjng with cold ; but on essaying a passage a little further north, they eventually reached their domestic haven : the pond went by the name of " 's bath" for many years afterwards ; it has, however, been dried up for some time past. The nocturnal watching of Everton is pretty general, yet the arrangements are numerous, and unconnected with each other : a few neighbouring streets unite together in raising a fund (which by the bye is now pretty generally collected by the high-constable), and with such fund, some of the inhabitants of each respective quarter, pay and requite the watchmen, who at the customary times, go their nightly rounds, call the hour, and to the best of their ability protect passengers and property. In some of the larger of these irregular districts there are two watchmen. There are no general or regularly printed documents issued to give statements of receipts and disbursements, touching the watching of Everton, but the direction is in hands so HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 371 respectable, that the contributors feel perfectly satisfied as to the prudence and integrity of the management. About twenty-five years ago, an association was formed, and a fund raised, to prosecute offenders; some prosecutions were entered on, but probably through lack of support, or perhaps owing to want of energy in the parties interested, the object seems to have been lost sight of, if not altogether abandoned. Before taking leave of these subjects entirely, it ought to be stated, that the watching and lighting of Everton has doubtless saved a number of lives, and much property, from the attacks of ruffians and depredators. The damages sustained in the almost unexampled storm of January, 1802, have already been alluded to, and many ravages of tempests at Everton have been noticed in various sections where the scenes of such devastations occcurred. In the year 1803, the cqmmander-in-cliief of the district, Prince William, now Duke of Gloucester, fixed his head-quarters at St. Domingo-house ; thus following the example of Prince Rupert, he chose Everton for his temporary abode. Prince William was received and entreated with all the respect, honour, and attention due to his rank: the gentry near unto him were proudly anxious to vie with each other in proving to the prince, that trade and com- merce were not hostile to hospitality and courteous demeanor, nor, in many cases, to politeness and refinement of manner. The prince seemed perfectly satisfied with his mercantile and munificent neigh- 372 HISTORY OF EVERTON. Lours, and graced many a banquet at Everton with his presence. As the prince is the only member of the royal family who has dwelt with us at Everton in modern days, it is hoped it may be permitted to give here the following copy of a memorandum that was made some little time after the prince left these parts. " Prince William of Gloucester is of manners cour- teous and urbane; during his stay at Everton, his intercourse with the neighbouring gentry was stamped just enough with real and requisite dignity, mixed up, at the same time, with much of suavity and cheerful good temper ; he was highly and generally respected and esteemed. At the time now treated of, the prince was a young man of superior personal appearance, possessing very agreeable if not handsome features, tolerable of stature, but of slighter make than the gene- rality of his royal cousins; when he walked, it might be discovered that he was slightly troubled with lameness, but when seated, or riding, he might lay claim to graceful appearance. The prince was unostentatious, addressing even the humblest, always courteously, and not unfrequently condescendingly ; with the upper classes he was at all times agreeably polite. " Could Lavater have studied the prince's features, he perhaps would not have considered them to index so much of sublimity, as of soundness, of intellect ; but there requires not a perhaps to state, that Lavater would have read in the prince's physiognomy strong traits of good nature and goodwill to his fellow- creatures." HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 373 If the prince, subsequently to his residence at Everton, has spoken against the slave-trade, such lan- guage has been dictated by his conscience, suggested, doubtless, by feelings of pure philanthropy ; but most certainly it was not necessary, during his temporary sojourn among the African slave merchants of Liver- pool, that he should either preach sermons, or indulge in censorious remarks on that trade, which the laws of the land then sanctioned, but which is now most happily abolished. In the month of September, 1804, the prince received a visit from his father, the late Duke of Glou- cester, brother to his late most gracious majesty George the Third. Proud seemed the people of Everton to have the royal stranger among them, even for so brief a space. The late Duke, at the time of his visit to Everton, was an old man, whose frame, constitution, or system was evidently what is called "breaking up : " he sat his horse well, but there was a stooping forward, and a general appearance of debi- lity about him, which plainly told that old Time's scythe was very nearly making towards him that last and fatal evolution which, under Death's direction, is aimed, without distinction, at prince and peasant ; the duke died soon after his visit to Everton. As before mentioned, it was in the year 1804 that the late Mr. Drinkwater made an attempt to have the old custom of walking the boundaries revived; he collected a posse of old and young, and had them led round the entire boundary lines ; the names of 374 HISTORY OF EVERTON. the principal witnesses are recorded as follows : Wm. Robinson, gent. ; Edmd. Mawdsly, gent.; Robt. Fos- ter, servant ; Wm. Halliday, publican ; Thomas Adamson, gent. ; and John Lyon, formerly constable of Everton ; all of whom are now living in the town- ship. From the year 1804, the affairs of the township continued to run so smoothly as to present no event that calls for remark, until, in the month of January, 1809, the place was visited, and considerably damaged, by a storm ; no lives, however, were lost in the town- ship on that occasion. In the year 1811, the people of Everton were much disturbed, not to say alarmed, at a report that govern- ment intended to establish barracks in the very heart of their hitherto quiet and delightful township : the place selected was St. Domingo ; but why so is inex- plicable; for St. Domingo-house was ill calculated commodiously to receive many of the common soldiery. Officers, indeed, would have found its conveniences little inferior to those of a palace ; but why the thirty statute acres of land forming that estate were required "puzzles comprehension." It may be that Prince Rupert and Prince William had, by their sojourns at Everton, stamped on the place a character of military fitness ; be that, however, as it may, the project pro- gressed, and sorely were the peaceful and respectable inhabitants aggrieved; meetings were called, and a deputation was sent from Everton to the proper authorities, in London ; common sense, prudence, and HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 375 even sound policy, were enlisted and sent in company with the Everton delegates, to the powers that then ruled British affairs; hut they, together with the worthy delegates themselves, returned from their mission un- successful, disappointed, and chagrined : there was, it seems, stronger reasoning or greater interest hehind the curtain, therefore, the St. Domingo estate was purchased for barrack purposes. It is stated here, for barrack purposes, hut the purchase was never made effectively useful. To shew how much the people of Everton and its vicinity were alarmed and aggrieved at the idea of barracks heing established at the St. Domingo estate; the following concise and compressed account is given of the efforts and proceedings of the inhabitants of that and the neighbouring places. On the 27th November, 1811, a numerous meeting of the inhabitants of Everton and the neighbouring parts took place at the Everton coffee-house, to take into consideration a measure contemplated by govern- ment to purchase St. Domingo house and the lands of that estate, with an intention to convert the same to barrack purposes. The resolutions passed at that meeting were in substance as follows : " That the establishment of barracks at St. Domingo could be viewed in no other light than as an enor- mous grievance, likely to be injurious to property, and destructive of the comforts of the neighbourhood. " That immense sums had been invested in forming valuable villas, near to the contemplated establishment. 376 HISTORY OF EVERTON. " That the meeting had been assured by the pro- prietor of St. Domingo house and lands he was will- ing to forego the profit to arise unto him from the sale of that estate, and of his readiness to absolve govern- ment from the purchase thereof. "That the thanks of the meeting be conveyed to Wm. Ewart, Esq. for his consistent, disinterested, and honorable conduct. " That these resolutions be presented to the Honor- able Commissioners by Colonel Stanley, and that copies be presented to the Commander-in-chief, the Right Honorable Spencer Perceval, the Earl of Derby, J. Blackburn, Esq., M.P., General Dirom, and the Mayor of Liverpool." Soon afterwards another meeting was held by the same class of persons at the same place, on which occasion W. Earle, Esq., (the chairman) stated " that the letters from Lord Derby and the members of Parliament were very cool, and not at all satisfactory, excepting that from Lord Stanley, who, it would appear, had taken some pains to persuade the barrack-board to relinquish their intentions at St. Domingo." A letter from Mr. Ewart was read, in which it was stated, that the bargain with government had been completed for £26,383 6s. 8d., with leave for govern- ment to relinquish the bargain ; but Mr. Ewart hoped that the people of Everton would remunerate him for any loss of interest which he might sustain. A letter from General Dirom was read, in which was stated, reasons why St. Domingo had been HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 377 selected for the intended purpose. The persons assembled at the meeting stated it to be their opinion, that St. Domingo had been selected on account of the splendid mansion erected on it. William Earle and William Statham, Esqs. were requested to proceed to London with the resolutions of the meeting, and also to state the value of the villas and lands about St. Domingo ; and they were desired to use their best endeavours to induce the barrack-board to alter their plan. A committee of the following gentlemen was formed, and Messrs. Byrom and Eyes were directed to make a plan of the township, and to estimate the value of lands and houses therein. COMMITTEE. Mr. Earle, Mr. Rowe, Mr. W. Appleton, Mr. Carson, Mr. Robinson, Mr. Campbell, Mr. Houghton, Mr. Alherton, Mr. Brown, Mr. Mather, Mr. Bateman, Mr. Harding, Mr. Lorimer, &c. &c. Finally, a subscription was commenced, and eight or nine of the first-named gentlemen subscribed each thirty pounds. These efforts of the people of Everton and neighbourhood proved fruitless; barracks were established at St. Domingo ; but in a short time after- wards, government found the place either unfit or unnecessary for their purpose, for on the 4th January, 1813, the late George Rowe, Esq., (in the absence of the chairman, W. Earle, Esq.) called a meeting of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood of St. Domingo 378 HISTORY OF EVERTON. to submit to them a proposal from government, that they should be permitted to re-purchase the premises bought from Mr. Ewart, on the terms of the original sale. On the 5th January, 1813, the parties called upon met, and declined to be purchasers on the terms offered by the barrack-department, and that board afterwards offered the premises at public sale. A few lots were sold within the year in which the offer was made, but not until somewhat recently have the com- missioners disposed of the whole. With the view and hope to enliven, in some mea- sure, a dull theme, the following verses are inserted ; they are said to have been written by the late Sil- vester Richmond, Esq. THE DAMES OF EVERTON TO WM. E T, ESQ. Come forth, all ye females of Everton-hill, Ne'er shall women be wronged, and their clappers lie still ; Let us tell, one and all, these proud lords of creation, That we cannot submit to unjust domination : And unless they will straightway express their contrition, Maids, widows, and wives, all will counter-petition. A barrack, my girls, which these men think so frightful, Is just what we want — O a barrack's delightful ! We shall never stir out, be it good or bad weather, But quite certain to meet a cockade or a feather : And these terrible men, to our husbands alarming, So far from a bug-bear, to us are quite charming ; I'd give all I'm worth in the world, girls, by jingo ! For a summer-night's ramble about St. Domingo. All the bands will be playing, the captains saluting, O ! such drumming and fifing, such fiddling and fluting ! And instead of a fusty old brown-coated varlet, We shall have, at command, a smart fellow in scarlet. HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 379 What a difference, ye gods ! from an ale-drinking clown, Who quart after quart every night guzzles down ! Is the sot, who returns from the club half seas over, Fit to prove a kind husband, or make a good love,r ? But the captain's all life, full of fire and politeness, With a beautiful hand of an exquisite whiteness, Gives a pressure quite gentle, but full of expression, And manoeuvres his eyes and fine teeth at discretion. Then he woos all our senses, in accents so tender, That, delighted, our hearts we with transport surrender. When spousy comes home, he does nothing but gorge ye With the rise of Sea Island, or fall of Bow'd Georgia ; Or else tells us in triumph, and makes a bravado, Of what money he gained by the last muscovado ; And sometimes exults — though you'd think it a quiz, — To see " ashes looks up, and because rums is riz," From such frograms lets turn to a prospect more dear, Embroidered huzzar, or the tall grenadier, Who always are ready by actions to prove That they bravely can fight, and with energy love. Then join, all ye damsels, who feel well. inclined, Let us tell Mr. E — t a piece of our mind, That if any longer our wishes are crost, In a blanket, ere long, he may chance to be tost ; For in spite of George Rowe, or the Colonel so brave, A barrack we like, and a barrack we'll have : Nor shall Statham's bright genius our faculties blind, Though supported by the double refined, And fit for nothing I wot on But chewing tobacco, and picking of cotton. Then pray, Mr. E — t, sit down well contented, For women will not have their plans circumvented ; And in times like the present, believe it or not, Five thousand good pounds* are not easily got. In the year 1812, an event occurred which gave * The profit or gain by the sale. 380 HISTORY OF EVERTON. greater brilliance, activity, and interest, than any scene or event that had ever previously happened at Everton. On the 12th August, 1812, Mr. Sadler ascended in his balloon from the Pilgrim-villa, at Everton. An account has been given, so correctly and explicitly, of this ascension, that it were scarcely possible to introduce a better version into these pages; the following, therefore, is extracted from Gore's news- paper of the 13th August, 1812. " The weather being uncommonly fine, an immense concourse of people assembled at Everton to witness the ascension of the intrepid Mr. Sadler. "Nothing could possibly exceed the grandeur of the scene ; the numbers of people present could not have been less than 70,000, and amongst them were noticed the beauty and elegance of Liverpool and its environs. The balloon was inflated within an en- closed area, which was partitioned off into three divi- sions, into which upwards of 2000 persons were admitted at different prices. "The balloon commenced inflating at ten o'clock, and during the process a band of music from H. M. S. Princess attended. The inflation was completed soon after two P.M., and a little before three o'clock the ascent took place. " The balloon rose slowly, the effect was sublime and graceful; the aeronaut travelled in the south-east direc- tion, and descended safely in a field, at a short distance from Derby chapel." In the month of October following, Mr. Sadler HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 381 attempted to cross the Irish Channel, from Dublin to England, but fell into the sea, off the coast of North Wales; had he proceeded a few leagues farther, he might probably have descended in Everton ; he was picked up in safety by a Manx fishing-boat. The year 1812, was also remarkable at Everton, in the projection and commencement to construct the first church erected in the township, but of this under- taking the needful has been stated in the section of General Observations ; and some material matter on this subject will be found in the Appendix annexed to this treatise. The people of Everton have never been tardy in displaying their genuine loyalty and patri- otism ; on most great occasions they have promptly and cordially come forward, simultaneously with their neighbours, to express and demonstrate their joy at all national victories : it was on one of such occasions, in the year 1813, — the epoch of Bonaparte's first serious discomfiture, — that the people of Everton very properly determined not to continue the dangerous and disagreeable practice, usual on such occasions, of illuminating their houses; but in lieu thereof, they proceeded to raise a fund, to be chiefly expended in giving a brilliant display of fire-works, and whatever the residue might be to give unto the poor. Accord- ingly, in December, 1813, a notice, of which the following is a copy, was placarded in various parts of the township : — " Fire-works at Everton, in lieu of an illumina- tion.— The inhabitants of Everton give notice, that 382 HISTORY OF EVERTON. they will manliest their participation in the general joy of the kingdom at the great and decisive victories that have been achieved by the arms of Great Britain over the common enemy, by a grand display of fire- works (in lieu of an illumination), to commence at five o'clock in the evening of Tuesday, the 14th instant, near the Everton coffee-house. "Everton, 9th December, 1813." At the appointed time, in the field which the north end of Shaw-street now intersects, the fire-works were exhibited, to the satisfaction of a vast body of specta- tors ; and the residue of the subscription was put to a much better use, that of bestowing many a comfort to the poor, at that inclement season. In the year 1814, at a meeting of the inhabitants, it was ordered that a pinfold, with a cottage adjoining thereto, should be constructed at the north-east angle of the mere-bank ; and subsequently, it was ordered that the lord's rent and breck-silver should be paid out of the rent of the said cottage, as has been already stated in this treatise. In year 1815, it became necessary to have the paupers of the township mustered at the coffee-house, and accordingly, on Whit-monday of that year, they were summoned by the constable of Everton, and appeared at the coffee-honse ; but nothing remarkable accrued from the inspection, except, indeed, that the measure was the first step which led to the separation of Everton from the copartnery in the workhouse at Ormskirk. HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 383 Under the direction of Charles Okill, Esq., the boundaries of Everton were walked and examined, on the 13th November, 1816, and Mr. Okill performed his public duties so meritoriously this year, as to receive the thanks of the inhabitants : his method of numbering the vouchers produced at the examination of his public accounts is worthy of being followed by all public functionaries of Everton. To Mr. Richard Powell, in 1818, public thanks were also given, for his able conduct in office, as surveyor of the high- ways. In the year 1817, various elaborate statements were entered in the town's book, touching the before- named separation of Everton from copartnery in the Ormskirk workhouse. The following are the names of the townships formerly concerned in the said establishment : 1 Everton. 7 Melling. 13 Bretherton. 2 Bootle. 8 Downholland. 14 Tarleton. 3 Little-Crosbie. 9 Bickerstaff. 15 Simmonswood. 4 Lidiate. 10 Latham. 16 Croston. 5 Halsall. 11 Burscough. 6 Maghull. 12 Scarisbrick. On the final arrangement of this separation, thanks were voted to the late John Hind, Esq. for his indefatigable exertions in the management of the tedious affair. ^i / In the same year, the inhabitants of Everton invited six of the neighbouring townships, viz., Wal- ton, Kirkdale, Linacre, Fazakerly, Litherland, and 384 HISTORY OF EVERTON. Bootle, to unite with them iii forming a place of general accommodation for the paupers of the above townships; but, to the several written applications of Everton, the township of Kirkdale only gave a written reply, which was a negative to the proposal; from the silence of the other townships, their dissent was also considered to be tacitly given. On the 22d January, 1818, the paupers of Ever- ton, viz., four women and two children, were removed from Ormskirk to the township of Everton, with their wearing apparel, beds, and bedding, and the governor of the workhouse at Ormskirk was paid all charges that were due to that time. Ever since that period, and until the present, the in-door paupers have been lodged with Mr. John Lyon, whose late wife most kindly and assiduously did all in her power to soothe the pangs, and allay the bitterness, that generally attends pauperism. What would our ancestors and predecessors of a century ago have said to a law bill of £107 12s. 2d.? yet such a bill was paid on the township's account in the year 1819. But a much wiser measure was soon afterwards taken into consideration ; for in the same year encouragement was given to an able surveyor to take a survey, and draw an accurate map, of the town- ship ; Mr. W. S. Sherwood took the business in hand, and the fruits of his labour are a very clever survey, and a handsome chart or delineation of Ever- ton. The work is done by master-hands, both as to the survey itself, and the engraving thereof; and long, HISTORICAL SUMMARY. 385 very long, will Mr. Sherwood's map be highly prized, and found useful to all persons interested in the good old township. It is lamentable, however, to have to state, that the artist's time and talent were not pro- perly requited ; it is said, that in the result he lost by his labour, and very considerably so, although the township, in consideration of Mr. Sherwood's labour and ability, voted the sum of thirty guineas, which was paid to him from the township's funds : comment on such a result is unnecessary. This map was com- pleted and published in the year 1821. The town- ship had formerly employed a person to survey Ever- ton, who accordingly did survey it, and with very considerable accuracy, as a comparison with Mr. Sherwood's map proves ; but the plan of survey was never engraved, though many MS. copies of the map as then drawn up are still in existence : in one respect, the map of 1790 has a manifest advantage, for in that map, each separate lot in the township has its whole measurement marked thereon. Two inhabitants of Everton are annually chosen to fulfil the duty of assessing the township for taxation ; and it may be as well to state, that by a minute made 20th March, 1824, a sum of £3 is directed to be paid to all future assessors of Everton — a measure highly proper, seeing that the assessors have to make one or more journeys to Prescot during the year of their assessorship. The time perhaps is not distant when steps may be again taken touching the mode of raising the parish church rate : it will be seen, in the 2c 386 HISTORY OF EVERTON. Appendix, that some proposals were made, in the year 1826, to alter the present mode of raising the money required for the parish church of Walton ; but it will be well to continue the present practice, so long as it can be legally sustained, otherwise Everton's share of such leys will be enormous, when compared with the quotas that other townships would be called upon to pay, under the new or proposed mode, which differs little from that under which the county rates are at present raised. The history of Everton is now brought to a close, and it is probable that a long period may elapse ere another pen historically treats of this humble town- ship ; humble, no ! it has cast its humility aside, and is destined to bear a proud name, when tens on tens of thousands of human beings shall have domiciled themselves within its boundaries: anticipation pro- phesies that Everton will grow with the growth of Liverpool, and in after ages largely participate in the wealth and fame of that eminent commercial town. APPENDIX. THE CUSTOMS OF THE MANOR OF WEST DERBY. " Henry, by the grace of God, King of England, &c., to the High Steward of the County Palatine of Lancaster, that now is or hereafter shall come, send greeting : " Know ye that by the advice of our council we of our espe- cial grace have granted unto our liege tenants of our towns of Darby and Wartree, that they and their heirs may have and hold their lands and tenements in our said towns for a reason- able fine to be made at every of their first entry thereof, accord- ing to the discretion of our steward there for the time being ; and that the heirs of our said tenants be not put out of their said lands and tenements for no stranger, if 'they will make a reason- able fine, at the discretion of our said steward for the time being; and we will and command you that you suffer our said tenants, and their heirs, to have and enjoy our said grant and grace, without making or suffering to be made or to attempt therein to the contrary of our aforesaid grant. Given under the seals of our Duchy of Lancaster, at our palace of Westminster, the 15th February, in the second year of our reign. "These are the customs granted by Lord William de Ferrers, late Earl of Derby, and afterwards by all other lords after him, being to his tenants of Darby and Wartree. First, it is lawful for every tenant of said towns to give or sell all their messuages, lands, and tenements in the aforesaid towns unto whom they will whilst they live, by witness of the steward or bailiff of the manor of the said towns, and in case that when and so often as any of the lands or tenements so sold, and whosoever doth buy the land, 388 APPENDIX. shall give unto the lord a fine at his entry for the same ; and in case that any tenant shall sell any lands or tenements to one or other, and he will not restore the same to him that bought it, and if it be proved by the aforesaid steward and bailiff, he will be put in possession of the said lands and tenements in the court which bought the said lands and tenements, without any con- tradiction or let of him that sold the same; and in contrariwise, if said buyer will take any lands or tenements which he bought of any other tenant, he shall be put in possession in the court, if he that doth buy the same do reasonably agree with the steward; and in case that he cannot reasonably agree with the steward aforesaid, the lands and tenements aforesaid shall then remain to him that sold it. And in case that if any land or tenement be in the hands of the sovereign lord the king after the death of any tenant, they shall not be forfeited into our sovereign lord the king's hands for ever, which were not taken at the first court, or at divers courts then next following. Likewise, such heirs which take such lands and tenements shall make fine according to the discretion of the steward, if it be found by inquisition before the same stewards taken. And it is lawful for every tenant of the aforesaid towns to fall and sell the wood and underwood growing upon the tenement in the aforesaid towns without licence of any of the lord's officers : and the said tenants shall not be charged to repair their houses, but according to their own will and pleasure. And if any land or tenement be sold by any tenant, and not taken at the first court, nor at divers courts then next following after letting or demise- ing of the same, they shall not be passed into the lord's hands ; but they that shall take the same shall make fine according to the consideration of the steward, if it be taken by inquisition -before him. And if any tenant of said towns shall be sick, and shall send for the bailiff of said towns to come unto him and to hear what a demise he will make of his said lands and tene- ments, or of any part thereof, and the said bailiff will not come, nor cannot be found at home, nor any other in his place and APPENDIX. 389 stead there being put, then it shall be lawful for said tenants of said towns to sell their lands or tenements unto whom they will, by witness of their neighbour of the said town ; and when and so often as any tenant shall sell any land or tenement unto any other, they shall make fine unto the lord. And in case that if any tenant shall sell any goods or chattels to any one or other dwelling in the towns aforesaid, and he doth say that the same payment shall be always paid by them at the form and at the usual terms of the said towns, and if it be behind and not paid, then it shall be lawful for the said bailiff the chattels of the said tenant not paid to empound until it be paid. And there is some land which shall not be taken in the court but by testi- mony and witness of the bailiff, that is to say, oxland.* And if any land or tenement were let by any tenant to another, or to a stranger, and he which hath it cannot agree of fine, the said tenement shall be given unto him which had first delivered the same estate that was before letten. And if any exchange be made between the neighbours of the said towns of any lands equally, they shall not make fine unto the lord for the aforesaid exchange ; and if any land or tenement of the aforesaid towns of any of the tenants be taken for their children, by the fathers or mothers, the said children, during their fathers' and mothers' lives, shall not possess the profits of said land or tenement. And if any wife have any land or tenement, she shall not take upon her any profit of the said land or tenement during her husband's life, without the goodwill of her said husband ; nor yet, she shall not challenge nor alien the said land or tenement. And there shall be holden, in Darby, two halmotts — and at the first halmott every tenant of the said towns shall make his ap- pearance. And know ye, that the father for the son, daughter, and wife may make answer; and likewise, the wife make answer for the husband. And at these two halmotts, all the lands and tenements which are bought and sold shall be entered and taken * Supposed common or waste, open to all. 390 APPENDIX. before the steward, the bailiff, and the tenants of the said towns, and not unto other courts. And no steward, nor bailiff, nor any other officer, shall possess any service nor perquisites of the tenant of the said town, without their goodwill. And if any tenant hold any land or tenement which are counted naughty land, those good lands shall not be sold nor let for worse, lest peradventure that naughty land do not suffice to sustain the fine. And if any tenant of the said towns shall be impleaded in any wapentake at the suit of any stranger, and he that is impleadeth doth deny by inquisition, the half of the inquisition shall be taken from the town where he remaineth impleaded. And no bailiff shall make any summons to any tenant of the said towns between any stranger parties complainant and defendant in any wapentake. And no bailiff of a wapentake shall gather any perquisites of the tenants of the said towns, but only upon their own goodwill. And know ye that the beasts of the said tenants of the said towns ought to feed in common pasture with their beasts in Woolton, Walton, Kirkby, Liverpool, Childwall, Huyton, and Roby ; and in contrariwise, as it hath been found by divers inquisitions taken before Rt. Pleasington, late chief steward unto John, late Duke of Lancaster. And if any tenant of the said towns shall be impleaded at the suit of any other tenant of a plea of debt, this is the duty of the fine-lands : * he which oweth debt shall not be at the law but at the inquisition." The following notes, which have been accidentally fallen in with in MS., are certainly more pertinent to the affairs of the township of Wavertree than of Everton, but there is some matter in these notes that may prove useful information to persons interested in the township of Everton. " that this manor of Wavertree is a distinct manor as well as township from West Derby, and hath its common separate * Or firm-lands, or farm-lands (the writing is difficult to be understood). APPENDIX. 391 and distinct (as Everton), appears from the following reasons, viz. : — " First, It hath meers and bounds, both of the inlands and wastes, which are, and by former perambulations have been, well known. "Secondly, Pays a distinct rent — and Wavertree holds a distinct and separate court from West Derby, and have their own jurors, and make their own orders, impose fines for misde- meanours done within their own manor, and have often pre- sented and fined the tenants and inhabitants of West Derby, as well as others, for getting gorse, &c. upon the common of Wa- vertree.* "Thirdly, That the constable and other officers of all the three towns are different — every town within itself, and have no power or authority in another. " Fourthly, That their leys and taxes are also distinct, and in every thing are divided, distinct, and separate from each other, as any remote towns or manors whatsoever — save only that West Derby and Everton hold but one court, and that the jury at every court are collected out of both townships, three out of Everton, and the rest out of West Derby" EXTRACTS FROM AN ABLE TREATISE ON COPYHOLDS, COURTS BARON, &c. "A manor consists of demesnes and services and a court- baron as incident, and this must be time out of memory ; for a manor cannot begin at this day, because a court-baron cannot now be made. The court-baron is the chief prop and pillar of a manor, for that no sooner faileth but the manor falleth to the ground. * "Everton hath not a separate court or separate jurors, but is joined with that of West Derby ; whereas the manor of Wavertree is distinct from both, and in a different parish." 392 APPENDIX. " A copyholder is tenant by the copy of court- roll, and is the only tenant in law who holds by the copy of any record, deed, or charter. The title or estate of the copyholder is entered into the roll, whereof the steward delivereth him a copy ; from whence he is called a copyholder. "A copyholder originally had (in judgment of law) but an estate at will, yet custom had so established and affixed his estate, that this by the custom of the manor is descendible, and his heirs shall inherit it ; so that the custom of the manor is the life and soul of copyhold estates; for without a custom, or if they break their custom, they are subject to the will of the lord. And by custom a copyholder is to have his land according to the custom, as he who had freehold at common law. "As a copyhold is created by custom, so it is guided by custom. " A copyholder doth not derive his estate out of the estate or interest of the lord only, for then the copyhold estate should cease when the estate of the lord determined ; but the copy- holder is in by custom. "A copyhold interest cannot be transferred by any other assurance than by copy of court-roll according to the custom, and that by surrender. "A surrender (where by a subsequent admittance the grant is to receive its perfection and confirmation) is rather a mani- festing the grantor's intentions, than a passing away any interest in the possession ; for till the admittance the lord taketh notice of the grantor as tenant, and he shall receive the profits of the land to his own use, and shall discharge all services due to the lord ; but yet the interest is in him, but secundum quid, and not absolutely ; for he cannot pass away the estate to any other, or make it subject to any other incumbrance than it was subject to at the time of the surrender — neither is any manner of inte- rest vested in the grantee before admittance, for if he enters he is a trespasser and punishable in trespass, and if he surrender to the use of another this surrender is void. Yet the grantee APPENDIX. 393 cannot possibly be defrauded or deluded of the effect of this surrender ; for if the lord refuse to admit him he is compellable to do it by a subpoena in the chancery, and the grantor's hands are ever bound from the disposing of the land any other way, and his mouth ever stopped from revoking or countermanding his surrender. "A copyholder may surrender his copyhold by attorney, in case he be in prison, sick in bed, or beyond the seas, but he may not be admitted by attorney, because he must do fealty in person. And as in admittances upon sur- renders, so in admittances upon descents, the lord is used as a mere instrument, and no manner of interest passeth out of him, and therefore neither in the one nor in the other is any respect had unto the quality of his estate in the manor; for whether he hath it by right or by wrong it is not material, these admittances shall never be called in question for the lord's title, because they are judicial acts which every lord is enjoined to execute. " Admittances by the lord to a wrong person is void and of no effect ; and in such case the lord must make a second admit- tance which must be to the right person, and he will enjoy the estate, and the first have nothing. " The custom of every manor is compulsory in point of admittance : for either upon pain of forfeiture of their copyhold, or of incurring some great penalty, the heirs of copyholders are inforced to come into court, and be admitted according to the custom, within a short time after notice given of their ances- tor's death. " Custom is the very soul and life of copyhold estates, for without custom, or if they break their customs, they are at the lord's will. " An unreasonable custom, as for the lord to exact unreason- able fines for a tenant to cut down and fell timber trees, or the like, is void. "By the custom, the lord as chancellor in his own court 394 APPENDIX. may dispose of a copyhold estate when the tenant leaves it uncertain. " Under tenant, although he be but tenant for a year, yet he shall have all the benefits and privileges which the copy- holder himself might have, and he is distrainable for the rents and services due and payable to the lord ; for the charge lies upon the land, and not upon the person. " A custom which is contrary to the public good, or injurious to a multitude and beneficial only to some particular person, is repugnant to the law of reason, and consequently void. "All customs shall in construction be taken strictly, and shall not extend beyond the words of it. " Any man once taken tenant in any tenement by the stew- ard of the court, in (he presence of the homage, by the lord's con- sent, and having a copy, although by reason of the absence of the said lord the same be not signed, yet the tenant having such a copy shall enjoy the same according to the custom of the manor. "Every customary tenant, holding by copy of court-roll or otherwise, ought to pay his or her rents due to the lord of the manor annually, at a time fixed and certain. " The lord of the manor cannot take in and inclose any part of the common, and demise the same to any tenant, without the whole consent of the homage. " The general custom allows a copyholder to make a lease for one year. " In most manors, if a copyholder hath leased out his copy- hold for more than a year and a day without the lord's licence, it is a forfeiture of his copyhold : or if for a lesser term he hath let it out to an under-tenant, and hath not retained enough thereof in his own hands whereby the lord's dues may be fairly and justly answered, he is liable to be amerced.* * It is almost superfluous to add, that in most manors it is a forfeiture if a copyhold be transferred under a wrong denomination or tenure. APPENDIX. 395 " If any copyholder hath committed felony, and thereof hath been lawfully convicted, it is a forfeiture of his copyhold. " Where there is no custom to guide copyhold estates, they shall be directed by the rules of the common law. "If a copyholder die, his heir within age, the heir is not obliged to come to any court during his nonage to pray admit- tance or render his fine. Also, if the death of the ancestor be not presented, nor proclamation, it is not any detriment, al- though he be of full age. — Leon Rep. 1 par.fol. 128. " Copyholder may dig for marl without any danger of for- feiture, but he ought to lay it upon the same copyhold land, — Winch, p. 8. " Custom of a manor is, that if a copyhold descends to any man, that proclamation be made at three several courts, that he shall come in to be admitted ; and if he come not in, it shall be a forfeiture to the lord : yet an infant shall not be comprehended within this custom, for he by intendment of law is not at dis- cretion to make his claim. — 8 Rep. 100, LetcKford's Case. " Common which was first gained by custom, and annexed to the customary estate, is lost when the copyhold is extinct and enfranchised. " If a copyholder accept a lease for years of his copyhold, by this his copyhold is destroyed, whether it be immediately from the lord or mediately — as was Lane's Case, 2 Rep. 16 b; for a copyhold interest, and an estate for years, of one and the same land, may not stand together, in one and the same person at one time, without confounding the lesser ; and if one of them ought to be determined, it ought to be the copyhold estate, which being customary only, is less than the estate at common law." It is absolutely incumbent on heirs, trustees, and devizees, to have themselves admitted, and take up their titles to Everton copyhold estates. And they ought to do so at the first oppor- tunity that reasonably offers itself. Purchasers and mortgagees, of course, should also see to the timely accomplishment of such 396 APPENDIX. matters, that is, at the first halmote court that may be held after the occurrence of transfer transactions ; and sometimes it will be prudent not to delay until the annual Whitsuntide courts are held, but rather to call special courts to serve the urgency of the occasion. EXTRACTS FROM AN ACCOUNT OF THE MANOR OF WEST DERBY. " The manor of West Derby consists of the manor and town- ship of West Derby and the townships of Wavertree and Ever- ton, wherein there are divers copyhold tenants, who do hold their copyhold lands to them and their heirs by copy of court roll, according1 to the custom of the manor, and by rent and fine certain, (that is to say) by the payment to the lord of the manor, upon every alienation or descent, one-third part of the ancient yearly rent, that is and always has been paid for the lands so aliened or descended, and no more : these fines are collected by the steward or his deputy upon the admittance of the tenant, and being but small are usually bestowed upon him for his pains in keeping the court and the rolls ; but the yearly rents of the copyhold lands in the townships aforesaid are of more value, and are a fee-farm belonging to the crown, and not long ago purchased by Sir John Worden, to whom they are yearly paid, and do, together with some small chief rents paid by several freeholders in the manor and township aforesaid, amount to £145 6s. 7d. or thereabout; but it is said there is a deduc- tion of £40 out of said £145 6s. 7d., and deducted from Sir John Worden, which is due to the lord of the manor for the time being." It goes on to state, among other things, that " In West Derby there are 18 tenants, who pay (13 hens included)£4 0 3$ In Wavertree 16 ditto, ditto ditto 552 In Everton 20 ditto, ditto £300? and for 16 hens. .080$ What follows seems to be dry matter for a law brief. There is APPENDIX. 397 no date in the body of this paper, and the latter part of the portion above given is somewhat vague and indefinite ; there is however, in another hand, an endorsement on the paper which bears date 1720. The king's "fifteens/1 or "fifteenths," and " subsidies," are two of the oldest rates in the kingdom, and were superseded by the land-tax acts of parliament. Fifteenths are named in Mag- na Charta as a concession to the king of one-fifteenth of their moveable goods, &c. In the course of time difficulties arose in the collection of the fifteenths, and they dwindled down in the amounts collected, from £120,000 to £70,000; at length the land-tax abrogated and superseded the fifteenths altogether. Everton paid 14s. to the king's fifteenths. For particulars, touching these and other leys, see Gregson's "Fragments of Lancashire." The following is copied from the Mercury newspaper of 1 825, viz. — "In 1066, the lands in Lancashire, lying between the rivers Ribble and Mersey, yielded to the crown £145 2s. 2d., and to the thanes £4 14s. 8d. (the pound was then equal to £110 of the present money;) in 1814, the same lands were assessed at £2,569,761." It may be added that the rate for the county was £3,106,009 in 1815, and £4,214,634 in 1829. COPY OF AN OLD DEED IN POSSESSION OF S. ELLISON, ESQ. . " To all Christian people to whom these presents shall come, or the same shall see, hear, read, or understand, I, Thomas Greaves, of Everton, in the county of Lancaster, yeoman, son and heir of Richard Greaves, of Everton aforesaid, yeoman, deceased, do send greeting to the Lord God everlasting, Whereas I, the the said Thomas Greaves, and Jane, now the wife of me the 398 APPENDIX. said Thomas Greaves, by a written surrender by me formally granted and acknowledged without the court, according to cus- tom of the manor of West Derby, surrendered into the hands of the lord of the said manor all and singular those closes, closures, crofts, and parcels of land herein hereafter mentioned and expressed, situate, lying, and being in Everton aforesaid, that is to say, the two Mosses, and the Ryecroft, or by what other name or names they or any of them be called or known, containing in the whole by estimation two acres and a half of land or thereabouts, be they more or less land, customary the acre and some time heretofore of the customary inheritance of the said Richard Greaves, together with all singular ways, water, entries, passages, profites, and commodites whatever to the aforesaid closes, closures, crofts, and parcels of lands belong- ing or in anywise appertaining, with all and singular their appurtenances, to the use and behoof of Edward Williamson, of Liverpool, in the said county of Lancaster, mercer, his heirs and assigns for ever, under and upon certain provisos, conditions, and agreements in the said surrender contained, as in and by the aforesaid surrender, provisos, conditions and agreements (relation being thereto -had) more plainly and at large may appear. Now, know ye that I, the said Thomas Greaves, for divers good causes and considerations me moving, and especially for and- in consideration of fifteen pounds of lawful English money already paid unto me, the said Thomas Greaves, by the aforesaid Edward Williamson, before the sealing of these pre- sents, whereof and wherewith I the said Thomas Greaves do acknowledge and confess myself fully satisfied, contented, and fully paid. And thereof, and of every part or parcel thereof, do clearly acquit, exonerate, and discharge the said Edward Wil- liamson, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, and any of them, for ever ; by these presents have demised, released, and perpetually quit claim ; and by these presents, for me and my heirs, do remit, release, and perpetually quit claim unto the said Edward Williamson, his heirs and assigns for ever, all and APPENDIX. 399 singular the provisos, conditions, and agreements in the afore- said surrender mentioned or contained, and all the benefits and advantage of me the said Thomas Greaves thereby received; and also all the right, estate, title, use, interest, claim, and de- mand of me the said Thomas Greaves, of, in, and to the afore- said closes, closures, crofts, and parcels of land, called the two Mosses and the Ryecroft. And of, in, and to the, and to all and singular other, hereditaments and premises before men- tioned to be surrendered, with their appurtenances, so as neither I the said Thomas Greaves, nor my heirs, nor any of us, shall or may at any time or times hereafter have or challenge to have any right, title, interest, claim, or demands of, in, or to the afore- said closes, closures, crofts, or parcels of land, and other the hereditaments and premises before mentioned to be surrendered, with their appurtenances, or of, in, or to any part or parcel thereof. But shall, of, and from all and eveiy accon. of right, title, claim, interest, or demand of, in, or to the same, or any part or parcel thereof, be from henceforth excluded and barred for ever by these presents. " In witness whereof I, the said Thomas Greaves, have here- unto put my hand and seal, the 18th day of July, in the year of our Lord God 1549. " Thomas Greaves, his x mark." COPY OF AN ORDER FOR ONE SOLDIER TO BE PROVIDED BY EVERTON. " Whereas the town of Everton was formerly charged with the making and providing of two foot soldiers, whereby the inhabitants complayne that they are overcharged, and whereas it appears to us by the survey of Mr. Thomas Bum, John Whitcliff, and Thomas Moorcroft, that the said town is but of 400 APPENDIX. the yearly value of £55 2s. ; we therefore order that the said town of Everton from henceforward be but charged only the providing of one of the said soldiers with arms and other furni- ture. Given under our hands, the day and year above said, "Edward Fleetwood. " William Banks." DOCUMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS TOUCHING 115 ACRES OF LAND LEASED IN 1716, BY THE LORD (AND TRUSTEES OF THE LADY) OF THE MANOR, TO THE COPYHOLDERS OF EVERTON. Previous to the execution of above lease, a survey of the Everton commons was made by James Corless : viz. — A. R. P. That part below the Beton A 22 3 12 The middle between the two ways pointing to the Beton B 13 0 19 That part where the watering pool is C 8 1 20 That part that lieth to Walton-cop D 11 0 35 The narrow part below the enclosure E 1 1 13 That on the left hand from Everton to Derby ... F 15 2 36 That on the right hand of same road G 43 0 12 115 2 27 The lease being completed, the copyholders of Everton parcelled out the leased lands according to each his copyhold estate in Everton, and in the year 1729 a " particular allotment of the land leased for 1000 years in 1716," was done by John Eyes. The figures on the left denote the quantity of copyhold or old land owned by each individual ; the figures and italic let- ters on the right hand are attempts to identify the lots with the localities of the map of the year 1790 ; and the capitals refer to Mr. Corless's survey. APPENDIX. 401 A. R. P. 25 2 26 Henry Halsall had allotted to him of new land, viz. A. R. P. 1 close by Hill-side* 6 0 26 .. A 8a,24c,&44a. 1 .. Hongfield 3020 .. F 17 i. [and i. I . . Beacon-north ..10138 .. B 2c, d, e,f, g, ft, 1 . . Rake-lane end . . 6 0 20 . . G 1 y, and z. 1 . . Guffot's-hey 0 0 35 . . G 1 t. 26 0 19 16 3 7f John Seacome allotted him — 1 close by the Mere 3 0 25 .. C 16/. 1 . . Beacon 2 2 22 . . A 2 o, and p. 1 . . Coulson's 0 1 21 .. A 50 a, and most 1 . . George Croft . . 0 3 21 . . F [likely 68 a. Livesley 32 0 .. G 24 e, and/. .. Rice 0029 .. A 61 a. R. Seacome .... 0 1 6 .. Hongfield 31 4 .. F 16 e, and 15 e. .. Sleeper's-hiU ..316 .. D 15 6. 1 . . Hongfield-bottom 0019 . . E 16 c. I .. Halsall's-close . . 0 1 33 1 . . John Johnson . . 0 1 27 18 2 13 0 0 26 George Heyes allotted him — 1 close by Greaves 01 1 . . Mere 1 3 22 . . C 19 i . Beacon 1 1 27 . . A 2 m, and n. . . Hill-side 1 0 23 . . A 46 a. Widdowson's ..038 . . A 15 q. 2 . . Whitefield, (5, 4) 0 0 9 . . G Sleeper's-hill . . 2 0 33 . . D 15 a. . . End Whitefield . 0 0 28 . . G 15 m. Butter-holes 30 8 . . G 15 *. .. Bottom-hongfield 0 1 11 .. E 15 c. 11 1 10 200 James Johnson allotted him — 1 close by Hill-side 1036 .. A 2 I. 1 . . at his house 0212 1 .. by Whitefield 003 .. G 40 a. 3 .. Hongercroft, (38, ? 2, and 11 perches; .. > u * 2 0 22 54 2 19 Old land. 58 0 24 Leased land. * In the original lease the acre is styled of the " large measure there used. + Another account gives 18*. OR. 9p. 2D 402 APPENDIX. 54 2 19 Old land brought forward. A. £8 R. P. 0 24 Leased land do. 620 William Williamson allotted him — A. R. P. 1 close by Hill-side 2228 I .. South-hongfield 1218 1 .. Hongercroft 0011 2 .. Whitefield,(9,18)0 0 27 1 Round hill . . 1 3 36 6 A 4 a, and 9 a. .. F 17 A. F .. G 16ft. G 14 a. 2 0 410 John Johnson (Everton) allotted him — 1 close by Corner-hey 0 2 21 23 c. I .. Butter-holes 205 1 .. Hill-side 132 12 e. 4 1 28 520 Samuel Plumpton allotted him — 1 close 52 0 G 18 d, and 18*-. 5 0 13 William Rice allotted him — 1 close by Hill-side 1 0 26 A 27 a. 1 . . South-hongfield. 114 F 20 y. 1 .. Bottom do 0015 E 21 b. I . . Whitefield 0013 G 20 t. 1 .. Butter-holes.... 2 2 6 G 20 e, and/. 5 0 24 410 Thomas Cliffe allotted him — 1 close by Hill-side 2 0 35 A I .. Butter holes 205 G 17 I. 410 620 John Johnson (Liverpool) allotted him — 1 close by Kirkdale land .. 3 2 10 B 2 a, and 6. 1 . . Hill-side 1 2 21 A 1 . . Kennyon's-house 1 1 27 F 45 a, and b. 6 2 18 310 Mary Fabious allotted her — 1 close by Kennyon's 1 0 30 E 21 e. 1 . . Kirkdale 2 0 10 A 33 «. 3 1 0 2 1 26 John Pyke allotted him — 1 close by South-hongfield 22 4 F 17 ft. 200 Anthony Molyneux allotted him — 1 close by Newsham-lane 20 OG 30 OR. Johnson and Tarlton, and J. Tarlton allotted them — 1 close by Butter-holes .... 100 G 14 a. 1 .. Hongfield 01 4 E 15 t. 1 . . Butter holes 100 G 24 d. I .. Headless-cross ..031 C 305 97 1 18 Old land. 101 1 23 Leased land. APPENDIX. 403 A. R. P. A. R. P. 97 1 18 Old land brought forward. 101 1 23 Leased land do. 100 Thomas Henshaw allotted him — 1 close 10 0 f 2 0 0 R. Seacome allotted him — 1 close 20 8F 020 Thomas Phithian allotted him — 1 close 02 0 020 William Harrocks allotted him— 1 close 020 020 Matthew Gleave allotted him— 1 close 020 10 0 32 John Rose allotted him— 1 close by his barn 0 2 29 I . . Hill-side 2 0 20 A 1 .. Mere 206 C 1 . . Round-hill 230 G 1 .. Sleeper's-hill .. 2 2 17 D 10 0 32 112 0 10 Total old land. 116 0 23 Total leased land. On the 17th July, 1715, the copyholders signed articles of agreement, fairly and equally to divide the lands contracted for* to be leased for 1000 years (receiving to the extent of their respective copyholds ;) and each party agreed to pay his respective share of the twenty shillings per acre money down, and afterwards one shilling per acre annual rent. John Seacome, John Rose, John Johnson, Henry Halsall, John Johnson, Daniel Fabious, Thomas Heyes, Edward Rice, his X Ralph Seacome. Rowland Johnson, mark. * The contract was made in 1714. ?S £3 ^ c/f jr1 * s§ o u E g fe H ° ^ P • EVE M i-M O H K w H O K Q g ty R aid. "Se ggg §0,2 Town's Ley Poor and County Ley •S s, O Tax .-i — i o — C« — O — i "^ *O O O «o t^ •* 01 a> >o o >o n — 01 oo x w X — OO(NO5-HOeO Thomas Wiatt . Edward Rogerson . . Ditto - ~ Is •OT3 -;- v>^,^w, £ . o II -~ -*~ John Lyon ........ Joseph Ellinthorp . . John Drinkwater . . ^ John Drinkwater wi \ Ellis Lorimer. . , George Goring . . . . William Robinson . . Thomas Reeve .... John Pyke William Harding . . Sums paid for County Rates. •0 CN CO O « o» eo TC c^ oo «o eo CN TC *O Oi CO OS fa 2 e eo re o eo eo co CO CO CO 00 OS CO CO >o S CO CO Tf «o co e^ oo TC «o co TC TC TT »O *-» 0° r^QQ 1 ft Oft - - Q (5QQQQQ 1 555 CO TC S| B> C. p 1 3 ^^ » j : • » ! w X X ? art^gS'SSo 1JS "^2o£ 5 James Blundell w / William Shaw (4 o ~ • B0<» •rt CO — C~-G C C T3 £ .£ 0 « ^cott s^-Y""^. — a o | | : : OPO 9 ipwards of £1000 foi UPENDED ON TI M" OS ?» r^ x eo >O O T)l S5 S O — t- X o o •* co OS «3 X «0 to t- X CM *» CO eo •* O »- OS O — CM Tf K3 «O "O to to CO CO to TH «O tO r- co to tc co X OS to to O — CO a T3 o H o to s g o O |^ O to O «O X CM ex r~- x o o -* ex to os ^ ^y c* x to i> eo cs co CM •O TC X OS O O5 t~ tO eo to OS •* OS to co O 1^- "^ OS CM' eo *t CM CM (N I 1 •g — 3 g 1 s • coot^xootox to o o O X — t^ — «O X OS O TP «O < ps HJ w X J-CMCO O» (^ CM XXX •3 g g- d :::::::: 0 o 0 0 CN O • • : : 0 O 0 . o O • O o o o habitants p C H PH CM — X O CO CO SM CM CM is o CO to to to a *4l ' • I •ooocoooo o o o 0 0 O O 0 O 0 0 o o o o CM CM t- t- o o 0 0 o o r- i^ c o o o §o o c o o o V OS -» a •5 C ^ PH x o to c • g 3. ;%•'"• • • :fe •3 g-5 1^ O M. • 2 l!^l d — S B L- -X. o. g o !» |l <2 -»- I IS 1 i S b S I 3 1 tf • CO CT § 1 be obtain executive 60s. A. « O ivernmen i he colleci o 16s. 5 6 land, £25.— County Treasure S S •a w C3 fe •M F- r-. •S 'o o — a 'S a g s s t 1 v <£ ed O ||| irror in leys, 3^ loraas Webster, nfold, 20s. 5 I . . - . ii ! c cS o S o •£ " § 3 2 3 S 3 %> S C C « C ri 3^ S" 3* hen amount in illiam Shaw, ii irplusage of lai hn Shannon, l! irplusage of Ian o o|i S" o" aT *• S t» 6 •a § itto, do. mndage of 3d. i lis poundage, a en computed o ip's credit W H Q as 7 P s 5 S £ Q 5 c £ £ £ P > ^ •-> 33 S jj H 2 o 6 6 o 6 o" 6 6 >J 6 6 i. ""Si 2 -. - -, 2-2 S g *r o cT ^ cT "* cT APPENDIX. 409 I I 1 a — "~i « -» S | Sof 2 I « *£• *r *j~ | S | | S g B c a rt « o! P? ,3 « «5 S =*J £ » p* ^ P3 o 53 I « I O 0.0 g 03 -3 S _ | *, W = I s • s F I S •£ -a * S I .2 ° "T 5 o « » B 3 .3 -. ^ O *^ Qj (N Ol T^ - § ^ of «4l o ^j- e « 7 S T £ i S i I a I a 1 a I B T E « o .5 — . -a ra | o> | £ "3 ,« 0 -a 2 o o CO • (N 5 * t d 2 *^ w o zi r^^^-»rH^r^ P^ 9 «* •s o I - s» .r i» .r- fr% I- ID I- f 9~ W 9 W 9 t T3 Q 'g Q 'g ^ a - a a g ^ 2 •£ 3 -g fn s*. a- :> a, t> ^r b/> ^s o 0 § « s i £"5 s t S 5 -i as ft S 2 2 3 -« 52 » o o a I I I I "?* rH ^ O W -5^2 (2 Q ** I I 1 ll Q Q "33 •S P" o" 1711, Ditto, 8168, do. do. 350 0 0 1721, Ditto, 12000, do. do. 900 0 0 1821, Ditto, 118972, do. do. 54221 0 0 In 1 821 the parish leys in Liverpool were equal to 9s. 1 d. each inhabitant. In 1821 do. in Everton were equal to 7 3 do. In 1821 £35296 was expended on the poor, or equal to 5s. lid. each inha- bitant of Liverpool. In 1821 £245 10s. 2d. was expended on the poor, or equal to 2s. 3d. each inhabitant of Everton. ANNALS OF EVERTON. BEING ABSTRACTS, IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER, OF THE BY- ENACTMENTS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWNSHIP OF EVERTON, DURING THE LAST 100 YEARS. 1733 A ley of 8d. per acre, laid on all improved lands of Everton, for church, poor, and highways, raised £7 Is. Id.* 1 734 The beacon was repaired by the township. 1736 The cock of the dial repaired. 1741 The boundaries were walked. 1744 Spent on six journeys to Prescot, to meet the commis- sioners about the Papists, 6s. — Spent at three times searching every Papist in town, Is. lOd. — Paid for the purchase of the workhouse, £5. — Paid for cleaning town's arms, 2s. lOd. f 1746 Spent on the paviours, when they began to pave the town. — Paid Croft Williamson for the town's musquet. * This gives rather more than 211 acres. f Query, if in anticipation of the rebellion ? . APPENDIX. 417 * T46 Paid for expenses when returned Dible Cailes, Is. 6d. 1749 All the town's papers ordered to be collected and placed, in some chest, to be provided with three locks, one key to be in possession of executor of Mr. Halsall, one of George Heyes, and one of John Johnson, Jun. ; the inhabitants to have power to call for the keys, but the chest not to be opened except in presence of two suffi- cient copyholders, inhabitants of the township. — All persons taking sand or rubbish out of the lanes to pay 2s. 6d. per load. — Encroachment of individuals on the high-roads checked, and the acts of that kind then already done ordered to be amended, with restitution of the soil that had been wrongfully taken away. 1750 The town's chest cost 26s. 1754 Paid for repairing court-house at Derby, 49s. 6d. — 24th June. " It is agreed at a town's meeting, held this day, that whatsoever person a free or a copyholder, in the town of Everton, lets any cottage to any person what- soever not having a settlement in the township, without the consent of the inhabitants at a town's meeting, shall bear and save the township harmless, from the expense or damage accruing to the said township, from such person or persons becoming burthensome to the said township of Everton." — Signed by 13 persons. 1759 Paid for paving Loggerhead-lane,* £8 13s. lOd. — Paid Doctor Livesley for setting Alice Knowles' leg, 42s. — At a town's meeting — "It is further agreed, that the person that serves as constable, overseer, and super- visor, [together with the] lord's rent, and breck-silver, shall be paid out of the town's ley; and that John Pyke be appointed the officer for the year 1759." — Signed by 10 persons. * Now Everton-brovv. 2 E 418 APPENDIX. 1761 Paid for a coffin for Witch Nancy's child, Is. 6d. 1763 Land near beacon first let to H. Hardwar (reserving a foof-path to beacon), at 2s. 6d. per annum. — Netherfield-lane land let to R. Lunt, at £3 3s. per annum. 1764 Leave given to Mr. Halsall to remove the pinfold. — Persons enclosing waste land to pay for same a valuable consideration. 1765 Land near beacon sold to H. Hardwar (reserving a foot- path to beacon), for 84s. 1768 Boundary stones ordered to be fixed round the mere.* 1770 The township paid J. Seacome £20 for the land lately enclosed where the bridewell is — formerly styled Barn- on-the-hill land. 1 774 One shilling was paid to a may son for squaring the dial — (supposed of the cross.) 1775 The Netherfield-lane land rented to Joshua Rose, for £4 per annum — reserving the water to John Shaw.f 1 777 The Netherfield-lane land was sold by the township to Joshua Rose, for £140. 1779 The road opposite Capt. Barker's house ordered to be widened (near Kirkdale). — The Brow-road, from the coffee-house westward, ordered to be lowered and brought to three inches to the yard. 1780 A sum ordered by the inhabitants of the township to be paid by Jos. Rose, out of Netherfield-lane purchase, to William Gregson, for a bill of moneys expended on the roads when said W. Gregson was in office. 1785 The cross repaired, and Is. paid for same. 1787 The bridewell ordered to be erected. — The pump at the top of Roscommon-street purchased from Jos. Rose for £21, by the inhabitants at large of the township. * Only one now remaining — 1830. f From this it would appear to be the low land on the west of what are now Mr. Carson's back premises. APPENDIX. 419 1787 Agreement with W. Harper to give and take land oppo- site the coffee-house, to improve the roads there. — 55s. 5d. paid for repairing the cross. 1789 Mr. Rowe, Mr. Carruthers, and Mr. Harper empowered to dispose of some waste land near Kirkdale. 1790 The money due to Mr. Harper for improving the roads ordered to be paid unto him. — This year John Shaw, Esq. was the holder of the greatest quantity of land in the township — his landed property in Everton being 35A. In. 15P. 1797 Grass on the brow first sold, for 5s, — 6s. paid for going to Prescot, to get instructions about clocks and watches. — 42s. paid for taking account of clocks and watches. 1799 Agreed that the land-tax assessors shall have a dinner provided for them at the coffee-house. 1800 Notice given to Mr. Bailiff, of Kirkdale, to take down his encroachment on the high-road. — Mem. Mr. B. after- wards purchased the land from Everton. — The road in the village, opposite Miss Chaffers' and Mr. Pyke's, ordered to be widened. 1801 The liberties or boundaries between Liverpool and Ever- ton examined, and marked with mere stones, by some of the inhabitants of Everton, together with the Rev. Rector Roughsedge, and John Hogg, constable of Everton. 1803 A molecatcher employed by the township at £10 10s. per annum. 1804 A ley of 3d. in the pound ordered, to defray a balance owing of £21 6s. 1804 A posse of ancient and youthful inhabitants collected together by John Drinkwater, to point out, examine, note, and mark the boundaries of the township. 1806 Everton called on by government to contribute a man for the army of reserve. 420 APPENDIX. j 1807 The molecatcher dismissed. ! . 1810 75s. 6d. paid for five volumes of Burn's Justice. 1811 Assistant-constables ordered to be employed, to keep the peace on Sundays and holidays. — Staffs ordered to be provided for said assistant-constables. 1814 A pinfold ordered to be constructed near the mere at St. Domingo. 1815 The poor and constable rate this year only 6d. in the pound. — A pump ordered to be put in the public well in the village. — The paupers ordered to be mustered at the coffee-house, on Whit- Monday. — The annual meetings ordered to take place at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. — Extra constables' pay to be 3s. a day. 1816 A stove and pipe was procured for the bridewell — cost £3 10s. 6d. — Charles Okill, Esq. caused the boundaries to be peram- bulated ; the parties present were C. Okill, James Green, Thomas Aspinall, Richard Powell, John Pyke, Edmund Mawdsley, Alexander Thompson, and his sons, William Halliday, Thomas Pyke, and John Lyon. 1817 Thanks voted to C. Okill, Esq., for his useful exertions in the affairs of the township. — £17 14s.9d. voted to pay expenses incurred in prosecuting four footpads ; and liberty given to the chief constable to discharge other similar charges should they be in- curred, but limited the amount not to exceed £20. — The following were the townships holding copartnery in a workhouse at Ormskirk: Everton, Bootle, Little Crosbie, Lidiate, Halsall, Maghull, Melling, Down- holland, Bickersteth, Latham, Burscough, Scarsbrick, Bretherton, Tarlton, Simmonswood, Croston. This year Everton gave up all claim to this workhouse, and APPENDIX. 421 separated itself from the copartnery formally, and according to law. 1818 Thanks to Richard Powell, Esq., for his useful exertions in the affairs of the township. — Thomas Molyneux, Esq. and Rev. J. Brookes, as magis- trates, apportioned the parts of Boundary-lane to be kept in repair by Everton and West Derby respectively. 1819 This year a law bill was paid by the township of Everton amounting to £107 12s. 2d. — The township of Everton paid 3s. for posting up bills to prevent the holding of Folly-fair. 1820 An extra ley of 2s. Id. in the pound, on the whole amount of assessed taxes for the present year, was laid, to make up the constable's deficiency of £389. 1821 Thirty guineas was presented to Mr. Sherwood for sur- veying the township. 1824 A sum of £3 was voted to be thenceforth paid annually to the assessors of the township to defray their neces- sary expenses. 1826 The road near the house of Thomas Shaw, Esq. widened considerably. — The inhabitants of Everton (assembled at the coffee-house) declined to consent to any alteration being made in the mode at present used of raising the parish church rate. See the town's book, where copious minutes on this subject are entered. 1827 £79 17s. 2d., arrears of lord's rent, &c. was paid to the Marquis of Salisbury by the constable (and treasurer) of the township ; and in the same year £6 8s. 4d. was also paid to the Marquis on the same account: this latter sum was ordered to be paid out of the rent of the pin- fold cottage, and to be thenceforth paid out of rents of same. 1828 £5 was paid for a plan and specification for building a new bridewell. 422 APPENDIX. 1830 March 26. At a meeting of the inhabitants, held this day, at Halliday's, the Everton coffee-house, the town's accounts were audited and passed. It appears that at this time there are fifty-one paupers receiving relief from the township, viz. — 3 aged males, 20 aged females, 12 boys, and 16 girls. — Mr. John Me George and Mr. Edmund Mawdsley were re-elected overseers for the ensuing year. — Mr. Thomas Moore and Mr James Heaton were elected assessors for 1830 — 1. — The cost of embellishing the bridewell was £35. An effort was made to have an order passed to discontinue the allowance paid by the township to certain Everton jurors for attending the West Derby court, at Whit- suntide; but the precedent, usage, and custom of forty- four years were urged against, and made the means of overruling the effort: the lowest sum paid by the town- ship to such Everton jurors was 4s., in the year 1778 — the highest sum so paid was £6 10s., in the year 1827; last year the Everton jurors were paid £3 by the town- ship for their attendance at the Derby court. CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE, EVERTON. Abstract of an Act of Parliament passed in the year 1813. An act to aid and authorise certain individuals to erect a church at Everton. The parish church of Walton being distant, and no church whatever in the township of Everton, it became necessary to afford better accommodation to the growing population of Everton to perform their pious devotions; and the sum of £11,500 having been raised in subscription shares of £100 each, for the purpose of erecting a church ; and James Ather- ton, Esq. being desirous to gratuitously convey and relinquish APPENDIX. 423 his right and interest in certain land conveniently situated for said church, &c. ; An act was passed as aforesaid, in the year 1813. 1. Land vested in trustees for the purpose of building a church — trustees named, * John Drinkwater the younger, Colin Campbell, Thomas Tattersall the younger, *Joseph Toundrow, and William Wiat. 2. Election of new trustees. 3. Materials and size of the church. 4. Appropriation of a pew for the minister, and one for his servants; and also a pew for Mr. Atherton, and one for his servants ; and one hundred sittings for the poor. 5. The committee may sell all the other pews to the pro- prietors and the public. 6. Rents of pews to be fixed; not to amount to more in the whole than £400, nor less than £360 per annum. 7. Beneficial interest in the seats to be deemed personal property, and assignable and deviseable as such. 8. For the recovery of pew rents. 9. Nomination of minister or chaplain vested in a majority of the proprietors for thirty years from the time of passing the act ; but if the minister should die subsequent to the said term of thirty years, and previous to the expiration of forty years, then the further right of nomination of a minister shall be vested in the proprietors until the expiration of the said forty years. After the right of nomination of the proprietors shall have ceased, then the presentation or nomination of a minister is vested for ever in the patron, having the advowson of the parish church of Walton, &c. 1 0. In case of a lapse of more than six months without any nomination, then the usages of the laws of the realm are to be followed . 12. Meetings appointing churchwardens, to be on Thursdays Those marked thus * are or were residents of Liverpool : the latter is deceased. 424 APPENDIX. annually in Easter week: two persons, who are proprietors of seats or pews shall be chosen churchwardens ; and so long as the right of nomination of a minister shall remain vested in the proprietors, the said proprietors shall elect both churchwardens. 13. Duty of churchwardens, and application of pew rents. 14. When the patron presents ministers, then the proprietors shall choose one churchwarden, and the minister the other; and in case of the death of a churchwarden, the proprietors or minister shall elect another, as the case may be. 15. Minister's salary fixed at £300 per annum, to be paid each first day of February, and each first day of August. 16. Recovery of minister's salary if not duly paid. 17. The minister to appoint and dismiss clerk, sexton, and organist : the wages not to be less to the clerk than £20 ; to the sexton, £10; and to the organist, £25 per annum. 18. A vault to be reserved for Mr. Atherton — the residue of the burial places to be sold by the committee. Persons purchasing burial places to provide grave-stones within six months, under a penalty of £5. 19. Coffins not to be placed in the churchyard within two feet of the surface. 20. All funerals to enter at the eastern gate only ; unless with permission of James Atherton, Esq., his heirs, or assigns. 21. Banns may be published, and marriages celebrated, in the church. 22. Register to be kept. 23. Double fees to be paid, of which, one half to go to the vicar of the parish church of Walton, and the other part to the minister, &c. of the church of St. George. 25. Present committee to continue twelve months after cele- bration of Divine worship. Names of committee, viz., James Atherton, John Cragg, Thomas Tattersall the elder, William Harding, T. F. Dyson, Charles Horsfall, George Brown, Thomas Huson, and Colin Campbell; their expenses not to exceed £11,500. 28. Interest in the church to be forfeited in case of non- APPENDIX. 425 payment of subscription. Forfeited shares may be sold by publication, or the committee may bring actions in lieu of declaring shares forfeited. 30. £400 to be retained by the committee as a fund for repairs of the church. 31. Owners of seats for the time being to keep the church in repair. 32. Residue money to be equally divided among the pro- prietors. 33. No person to hold more than ten shares. 34. Proprietors to have one vote for each and every share they may hold, to the extent of ten votes or shares only. 35. On the first Monday of every year, committee to call a general meeting; and at any time ten proprietors may demand a general meeting to be held, and from time to time, on giving ten days' notice to the chairman of the committee, and in two of the Liverpool newspapers. 36. The notices to be given by publishing in two of the Liverpool newspapers ; and in such notices the objects of the meetings shall be expressed. 37. Proprietors may appoint committees, and not exceeding three auditors. Accounts to be audited and exhibited annually. 38. The rights of the patron, rector and vicar of Walton, to be saved. ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS TO ERECT A CHURCH AT EVERTON. 1813. 1 William Harding £200 12 Jos. Toundrow 300 2 James Atherton 1000 13 John Hinde 100 3 George Clements, Jun. . . 100 14 George Brown 200 4 George Farrar, Jun 100 15 Charles Horsfall 200 5 John Boardman 100 16 William Corner 100 6 James Willasey 200 17 Rt. Thompson 100 7 John Marsh 200 18 T. Tattersall, Sen 500 8 William Byrom 300 19 William Brade 100 9 John Cregg 600 20 Robt. J. Buddicom 1000 10 Thomas Hughes 100 21 Richard Dobson 200 11 William Lyne 100 22 Thomas Murrow 100 426 APPENDIX. 23 J. Me George 100 49 24 John Watmough 100 50 25 Thomas F. Dyson 200 51 26 Jos. Ellinthorp 100 52 27 Robert Gill 100 53 28 William Ramsbottom ... 100 54 29 William Statham 100 55 30 George Goring 100 56 31 Thomas Huson 100 57 32 Thomas C. Porter 100 58 33 William Wiatt 200 59 34 William Duff 100 60 35 Colin Campbell 100 61 36 E. Griffiths 100 62 37 William Ewart 100 63 38 Hugh Duckworth, Jun. . . 100 64 39 Samuel Dutton 100 65 40 Cuthbert Fair 100 66 41 Thomas TattersaU, Jun.. 200 67 42 Robert Musgrove 100 68 43 Abraham Garnett ...... 100 69 44 Robert Copeland 100 70 45 Richard Jackson 100 71 46 Robert Peel 100 72 47 John Drinkwater, Jun. . . 100 73 48 John G. Geller 100 William Gibson 200 Gilbert Henderson 100 William Brown 100 George Roach 1 00 James Hornby 100 Henry Barton, Sen 100 Henry Orme 100 John Pyke 100 William Dickson ....... 100 John Adams 100 James Massey 100 William Bird, Jun 100 James Holme 100 George Broadbent 100 Henry Holt 100 Robert Wilson 100 William Barton 100 Charles Okill 100 William Appleton 200 Samuel Sandbach 100 Alexander Me Gregor . . 1 00 William Turner 100 Jos. Humphries 100 William Earie.. 100 John Ross 100 Total number of shares 1 15. When pews are purchased in this church, the purchaser should clearly understand whether he buys the pews only, or with the pews, the original proprietors' right to vote, and a claim to a proportion of proceeds to arise from the sale of burial places, &c. &c. After the completion of the church, the whole of the pews (except some few in the organ- gallery) were sold to the subscribers on the 28th and 3 1st October, 1814, at various prices ; the lowest price then given was £27 for a single pew, the highest price £180 for a family pew with servant's pew attached. £1 10s. is the lowest, and £5 the highest amount at which the pews in this church are assessed, for reserved or fixed rents : the pews that are under the north and south galleries are assessed at £2 10s. per annum ; those in the body of the church at £3 10s. per annum; those in the north and APPENDIX. 427 south galleries at £5 per annum, and those in the organ gallery at £l 10s. and £2 per annum. The first stone of this church was laid on the 19th April, 1813; and on the 30th October, 1814, it was opened, and divine worship was then first publicly performed. An account of the marriages, baptisms, and burials at the church of St. George, in Everton, from the opening thereof, to 12th April, 1830. 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 12th Apl. 1830 To- tal. 284 569 225 Marriages Baptisms Burials . . 5 2 0 9 21 5 9 24 7 13 20 8 11 21 7 10 31 11 9 36 9 17 30 11 11 36 10 27 45 18 J9 38 19 25 54 15 25 38 22 27 53 19 29 59 29 30 53 29 8 8 6 THE MANNER IN WHICH THE FOLLOWING TOWNSHIPS SERVE AS (OR PROVIDE) CHURCHWARDENS IN WALTON PARISH. West Derby, exempt for two years, serves the third. Walton, exempt for five years, serves the sixth. Fazakerly, exempt for five years, serves the sixth. Bootle, exempt for eight years, serves the ninth. Kirkdale, exempt for eight years, serves the ninth. Everton, exempt for eight years, serves the ninth. A single church ley (1817) in the parish of Walton makes £24. The following are the names of the townships that pay towards making it up. West Derby £10 5 8 Formby 3 8 7 Kirkby 3 8 7 Walton 1 14 3$ Fazakerly 1 14 3§ Simmonswood, Croxteth, and Toxteth Park object to pay, on the score of original poverty. These rates or proportions of each of the above townships Bootle-cum-Linacre . . 169 Kirkdale 169 Everton . 0 15 1 £24 0 0 328 APPENDIX. were fixed after Liverpool separated itself from Walton in 1698: previous to that separation, Everton paid 13s. 4d. at every £24 rate, Liverpool having paid £5 6s. 8d. The inhabitants of Everton are subject to annual calls for dues belonging to the vicar of Walton. The following is a copy of a printed note actually given on payment of those dues at Easter. The charge is affixed to each of the items in the copy here presented ; but there are few persons in the township of Everton that pay more, or other, than the first three of the enumerated items in the list. COPY. Easter offerings belonging to the vicar of Walton, as follows : s. d. Man and wife 0 3 Housekeeper, widow, or widower 0 2 Communicants, or persons above the age of sixteen 0 0|each Cow and calf 0 \\ 2 ditto 0 3 3 ditto 0 4£ 4 ditto 0 6 5 ditto 1 0 6 ditto and 7 ditto 4 0 8 ditto and 9 ditto 6 0 10 ditto 8 0 A farrow cow 0 1 Colt I 0 Bees per swarm 0 4 Smoke and garden uncertain. Wind-mill 2 0 Water-mill 4 0 Hemp and flax (per bushell) sown 1 0 Eggs 0 0| Mautry money uncertain. APPENDIX. 329 These dues are collected annually at Easter, by the constables of the respective townships. In the year 1829, £10 12s. 6d. was collected at Everton for these dues, viz. — Inhabited houses, not keeping cows £5 17 6 Cowkeepers, and persons renting land, keeping cows, charged for cows 4 15 0 £10 12 6 THE CEMETERY, NOW CALLED THE NECROPOLIS, AT EVERTON. " On Tuesday, the 1st of February, 1825, the new cemetery, at the top of Brunswick-road, was opened to the public, and the body of the late Mrs. Martha Hope, sister to Mr. William Hope, of Hope-street, Liverpool, in compliance with the earnest wish she had repeatedly expressed before her decease, was interred there. This being the first interment in the cemetery, the Rev. Dr. Raffles, in compliance with the invitation of the committee, gave an address, explanatory of the intentions of the proprietors in providing this very important addition to the existing depo- sitories for the dead; and the Rev. Moses Fisher afterwards conducted the funeral service. " Notwithstanding the very unfavourable state of the weather, and the privacy with which it was the wish of the family of the deceased that the funeral offices should be performed, a large concourse of persons was assembled, including the committee, and a great proportion of the proprietors, who attended in mourning. " The Rev. Doctor's address was extremely appropriate and judicious. After pointing out the evils attendant on the crowded state of our church-yards, and other places of sepulture in the town, and remarking on the manifest impropriety of interring bodies in the interior of places of worship, the doctor adverted, amongst 430 APPENDIX. other advantages proffered in the new cemetery, to the circum- stances of every denomination of Christians being at liberty either to inter in it with the use of their own ritual, or to dis- pense with forms altogether ; and to the equal liberty given to all, either to make use of the services of the resident chaplain or registrar, or to employ their own minister: he especially pointed out the precautions taken by the committee of manage- ment effectually to preserve the sanctuary of the dead from violation, and their determination to render the undertaking, in all its arrangements, as to the laying out of the ground, the exact register of every interment in it, and the minor but impor- tant regulations of the establishment, worthy of the attention of the passing stranger, and of general adoption in similar insti- tutions. He concluded by endeavouring to raise the views of his audience from these secular considerations to others of a more exalted character, directing their contemplations to that solemn scene when every one who should be interred there should, with an assembled world, stand before the Judge of all, there to hear his final doom, according to the deeds done in the body, whether good or evil. " The area of the ground allotted to burials includes about five statute acres, about one-half of which will be appropriated to graves, and the other to vaults. Besides these, the entire area (within the walls) will be surrounded by family sepulchres, enclosed in a covered aisle, with a front of masonry correspond- ing with the style of the chapel and the residence of the chap- lain, and relieved by iron railings at the openings. This covered aisle not only renders security doubly sure, but it will afford ample scope for the exercise of ingenuity and good taste in the erection of sepulchral monuments, and other memorials of the virtues and excellencies of departed friends. The whole esta- blishment is vested in twenty-one trustees." — Liverpool Mercury, 1st February, 1825. The cemetery contains about 24,000 superficial square yards, and the undertaking cost nearly £8000. APPENDIX. 431 [The following is taken from Mr. Kaye's 'Stranger in Liverpool.'] "The front of the building and the adjoining wall are of stone. A border of ten feet wide, immediately adjoining the interior side of the wall and surrounding the whole ground, is set apart for an arcade or colonnade, which will be roofed with slate, and railed in by ornamental iron-work, set upon a stone plinth ; this border will be used for tombs ; and any monumental inscription, tablet, or work of sculpture that may be erected, will be placed against the wall, at the head of the respective tombs. "The centre of the ground is appropriated to vaults and graves, laid out in the regular order, and numbered according to a plan which may be seen at the registrar's office. Each corpse interred is regularly registered in the books of the insti- tution. " The chapel is at the service of any person who may wish to use it, and any religious funeral ceremony may be performed in it by the minister, or other person chosen by the parties who may require its use, provided such ceremony is not an outrage upon the decencies of life, or offensive to civilized society ; but if the friends of the person to be interred prefer the ceremony being performed by the registrar of the cemetery, it is his duty to perform it according to a prescribed form, which may be seen on application to him, and without any charge or fee for such performance; or, if preferred, the interment may be made without any form or religious rite. " For the purpose of greater security, a watchman is at all times of the night upon the ground. A committee have a superintending control, and will take care that nothing offensive, ludicrous, or in evident bad taste, shall appear among the monumental inscriptions, or in any other way. "A system of the utmost liberality pervades the entire management of this cemetery ; and it is to be hoped that no 432 APPENDIX. religious distinctions or prejudices will arise to prevent its being the earthly resting place of those who, for security, or from other motives of preference, may be disposed to adopt it." Charges made at Low-hill Necropolis, or General Cemetery. £. s. d. A single interment, without inscription 0 10 0 Do. do. do. if in the forenoon 012 6 Do. do. with name, age, and time of decease engraved on stone I 2 0 Do. do do. if in the forenoon .... 1 4 6 Do. do. still-born child (afternoon) 0 3 0 A grave 6 ft. 6 in. long by 3 ft. wide, and 10 ft. deep 3 0 0 A stone for do. 4 in. thick. . . . ^ 2 0 0 Sinking graves, and all other expenses of first interment. . 0 17 6 Expenses of each future interment in do 0 14 6 A vault 7 'ft. long by 3 ft. 6 in. wide, stone 6 ft. 9 in. long by 3 ft. 3 in. wide and 4§ in. thick, sinking 10$ ft., drains, brickwork, and labour 12 0 0 Expenses of first interment, including inner covering of stone 1 2 0 Expenses of each future interment, including do 1 9 6 A family vault or sepulchre, in covered aisle, with space for tablet and other monumental designs, land 10 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 5§ in., sinking, brickwork, drains, labour, stone, and flags 30 0 0 Engravings of stones, viz. — Bordering and edging, for graves 8s., vaults 10s., vaults in covered aisle 10s. 6d. ; heading with large letters 3s., capitals 2s., and small letters Is. each per dozen. All graves, &c. to be paid for on order. No additional charge is made for fees, or expenses of any kind whatever. Every interment will be carefully registered, under the superin- tendence of the committee. The parties interring are at liberty to avail themselves of the services of the chaplain, and to use or not to use the form of service sanctioned by the committee, at their option ; and they are equally at liberty to avail themselves of the services of their own minister, and to use their own form of worship. No applications will be received on Sundays ; but interments may take place on that day, between the hours of public worship. APPENDIX. THE EVERTON BEACON SOCIETY. This society originated with John Pyke, Esq. within the last twenty years; it was, however, suffered to dissolve, through lack of unanimity; but, after having been discontinued, or broken up, for some time, the society was resuscitated by Mr. John Me George, about five years ago. The practice is, to meet on each birth-day of the respective members of this society: harmony and conviviality are the orders of the Everton Beacon Society's festive hours. Each member, on his natal day, pays five shillings ; the others, that assemble on such occasions, order and consume wassail ad libitum, and, after the said five shillings are ex- pended, individually liquidate according to the orders they issue. The number of members is, at present ( 1829), about fifty. A STATEMENT Of the occupiers, owners, tenures, and classes of the houses and villas of Everton, arranged nearly in the order in which they now respectively stand in the several streets, roads, and places of the township, made up to the 3d April, 1830. Those persons who have the initials of their Christian names attached to their surnames are occupiers. Those persons whose surnames only are given are owners. The letters, H. G. V. C. S., signify house, garden^ villa, cottage, and shop. The figures, 1 to 12, signify the classes, as to rental, from the first to the twelfth, according as the respective cases may require. The capitals, F. C. L., denote freehold, copyhold, and leasehold. EVERTON CRESCENT. (1) Rawdon, J. Empty Haines, R. Padley Webster H. & G. 6 F. H. & G. 6 F. Ditto , H. & G. 6 F. 2 F 434 APPENDIX. Yelverton, W. Peele H. & G. 6 F. Brown, G. Self H. & G. 6 F. Unsworth, J. Atherton H. & G. 7 F. Empty Bibby H. & G. 9 F. Neale, J. Ditto H. & G. 9 F. Brebner, J. Ditto H. & G. 9 F. Jones, J. Ditto H. & G. 9 F. Tomlinson, J. Self H. & G. 6 F. Yates, Mrs. U. Hornby H. & G. 6 F. Howe, Miss S. Scholefield H. & G. 6 F. Blundell, Mrs. M. Self H. & G. 7 F. Porter, T. Waterhouse H. & G. 7 F. Wright, J. Self H. & G. 6 F. EVERTON BROW. (2) Stennett, Mrs. A. GiUeland H. & G. 9 F. Latham, Miss A. Self H. & G. 9 F. Prescott, W. Latham H. & G. 8 F. Powles, W. A. Holmes H. & G. 6 F. Jones, C. H. Ditto H. & G. 6 F. Duarte, T. J. Ditto H. & G. 6 F. Holmes, H. Self H. & G. 4 F. Holmes, J. Self H. & G. 4 F. Hanmer, L. Self H. & G. 4 F. Cooper, J. Simpson H. & G. 11 F. Bebbington, J. Ditto H. & G. 12 F. Houghton, J. Ditto H. & G. 11 F. NETHERFIELD-ROAD SOUTH. (3) Barton, Mrs. S. Dixon V. 4 C. Dixon, W. Self V. 6 C. Simpson, J. Self V. 7 C. Livingstone, Mrs. Self V. 6 C. Haworth, Mrs. Livingstone V. 8 C. Marsh, Mrs. Self V. 5 C. APPENDIX. 435 Radcliffe, W. Anderton, T. Lapage, F. Staniforth, S. Alston, J. F. Brown, W. Ellison, Miss Knowles, T. Robinson, W. Wainwright, T. W. Kevan Ditto Huson Brooks Greenway Self Brown Lorimer Self Robinson H. & G. 10 C. H. & G. 10 C. V. 7 C. V. 3 C. V. 3 C. V. 1 C. H. & G. 11 C. School 8 L. V. 7 C. V. 7 G. Hall, C. Carson, J. Dobson, R. Earle, W. Tarlton, Miss Chew, Mrs. Eyes, Miss Syers, R. Mather, J. P. Boardman, J. B. Empty Ball, T. Cropper, J. Empty Lester, E. Jones, E. Franklin, T. Boothby, J. B. Campbell, C. Empty Campbell, J. Howe, J. Davidson, J. NETHERFIELD-ROAD NORTH. (4) Carson H. Ditto V. Self V. Self V. Self V. Exrs. Beetenson H. & G. Ditto H. & G. Ditto H. & G. Self V. Self V. Ball V. Ditto V. Self V. Worrall H. & G. Self V. Self H. & G. Beakbane H. & G. Ackers V. Self V. ExrsBrocklebankV. Ditto V. Harrison V. Powell V. 11 L. 2 L. 4 F. 1 F. 7 F. 11 L. 11 L. 11 L. 1 F. 9 L. 8 L. 7 L. 1 F. 8 L. 7 L. 11 L. 10 L. 6 L. 7 L. 9 L. 9 L. 9 L. 9 L. APPENDIX. Boardman, J. Self V. 9 L. Horsfall, C. Self V. 3 F. Laffer, H. Self V. 9 L. Salkeld, G. Gilman V. 9 L. Ledson, B. Self V. 9 L. Potter, Mrs. J. Self V. 4 F. Scurr, J. Potter V. 4 F. Jackson, W. Holmes V. 8 L. Baldwin, W. H, Ditto V. 8 L. Holmes, J. Self H. 10 L. Stiles, S. C. Holmes V. 11 L. Hatton, B. Ditto H. 11 L. Tatlock, W. Self V. 9 L. Attwood, Mrs. Grundy H. 11 L. Hankin, W. Leigh Quarry 11 L. DEVONSHIRE PLACE. (5) Mottershead, T. Smith H. & G. 11 L. Johnson, Mrs. Walthew H. & G. 9 L. Cannel, Miss Holmes H. & G. 10 L. Harrop, J. Woods H. & G. 10 L. Delonde, C. Williams H. & G. 9 L. Empty Barrowclough H. & G. 9 L. Clare, George Ditto H. & G. 11 L, Empty Ditto H. & G. 11 I/. Bickersteth, W. Roberts H. & G. 11 L. Ashcroft, E. Self H. & G. 11 L. Empty Cross H. & G. 11 L. Empty Matthews H. & G. 9 L. Lady Reid Ditto H. & G. 9 L. Wilson, Mrs. Smith H. & G. 11 L. Smith, J. Self H. & G. 11 L. Carter, W. Smith H. & G. 11 L. Gandy, W. J. Brown H. & G. 11 L. Buchanan, J. Roberts H. & G. 10 L. APPENDIX. 437 Atwood, J. Jackson H. & G. 10 L. Fair, Miss A. Brown H. & G. 10 L. Forshaw, Mrs. S. Edwards H. & G. 10 L. Bootle Water-works Selves Tank 8 L Pearson, J. Self H. 11 L. SAINT DOMINGO LANE. (6) Duly, R. Self H. & S. 11 L. Anderson, J. Atherton H. 11 L. Empty Exrs Edwards H. 10 L. Swift, Mrs. J. Whitley H. 11 L. Williams, E. Stretch H. 11 L. Rogerson, J. Ditto H. 12 L. Morgan, J. Ditto H. 12 L. Maxwell, J. M'George H. 12 L. M'George, J. Self H. & S. 11 L. EVERTON VALLEY. (7) Brocklekank, Mrs. Stretch H. 11 L. Harper, D. Self H. 12 L. Lang, J. Self H. 8 L. Richardson, Captain Lang H. 9 L. Empty Ditto H. 9 L. Wrigley, James H. Ditto H. 9 L. Hindle, J. Self H. 12 L. Coleburn, Mrs. Hindle H. 12 L. BRONTE VILLA. (81) /,7 .•••/ Woodhouse, S. Self V. 2 L. WALTON BRECK LANE. (8) >•"•, -.. ,/.. • Pritchard, Mrs. Self V. 9 L. BEACON LANE. (9) Rothwell, William Pritchard H. 11 L. Ramsbotham, G. Rhodes H. 11 L. 438 APPENDIX. Corrie, Miss Whalley, J. Sandiford, J. Empty Myers, R. Harris, T. Parry, R. Belcher, M. Exrs Willasey Potter, Miss Thompson, A. Foden, W. Williams, W. Wyberg, G. Perry, W. Lorimer, C. Coleman, R. Exrs Drinkwater Dyson, T. Empty M'George, Miss Myers, W. Warner, C. Moon, J. Middleton, C. S. Humphries, David Atherton, J. Hornby, J. M'Gregor Ditto Atherton Knowles SPARLING STREET. Atherton CHURCH STREET. Atherton Ditto Robinson Harrison Atherton Okill & others Cropper Dickson Ditto Self Dickson Ditto Selves Self Bowman M'George School 1 L. Nursery 10 L. H. 11 L. H.G. 11 L. (10) H. 11 L. (ID H.School 4 L. H. H.G. H.G. H. H.G. H. H. H. V. V. School V. V. H. H. MERE LANE. Self LODGE LANE. Rowland Ditto Atherton Lightfoot Self Self (12) V. (13) V. V. V. V. V. V. 10 L. 10 L. 10 L. 1L L. 11 L. 11 L. 11 C. 11 C. 6 C. 8 C. 9 C, 9 C. 1 C. 9 C. 11 L. 1 L. 6 L. 6 L. 5 L. 5 L. 2 L. 2 L. APPENDIX. 439 Barker, J. R. Dyson V. 9 L. Empty Ditto V. 10 L. Ledward, E. Self V. 5 L. Buddicom, Rev . R. P. Self V. 8 L. Ironside, C. Heyworth V. 5 L. Wilson, E. Ditto V. 6 L. Brown, W. A. Forrest V. 8 L. Heyworth, O. Self V. 2 L. SAINT GEORGE'S HELL. (14) Dickson, G. Self V. 2 C. Heyworth, J. Self V. 2 C. Wilson, W. M'Gregor V. 9 L. Henry, W. Ditto V. 2 L. TERRACE. (15) Barton, Miss Batley V. 9 C. Batley, George Ditto V. 7 C. Barton, M. Self V. 7 C. Empty Barton V. 9 C. Taylor, J. Self V. 2 C. Sharp, Miss Stubbs School 2 C. Tattersall, T. Self V. 5 C. Muller, J. F. Lorimer V. 10 L. Lorimer, Mrs. Ditto V. 10 L. English, T. Ditto V. 10 L. Flemming, T. Ditto V. 10 L. Moore, S. Ditto V. 10 L. Fennel, C. Ditto V. 10 L. Best, Miss Blundell H. 11 L. Branch, T. Ditto V. 9 C. Higginson, J. Self V. 1 C. Hope, S. Self V. 3 C. Brawn, L. Hope V. 6 L. & C Watkins, R. Ditto V. B L. & C. 440 APPENDIX. Empty Hope V. 3 L. & C. Guest, J. Exrs Ellinthorp H. 11 L. Jones, J. Ditto H. 12 L. Pennington, J. Ditto H. 11 L. Kitchen, J. E. Ditto H. 12 L. Thomas, E. Ditto H. 11 L. Cook, W. Ditto H. 11 L. Hughes, Miss Self H. 11 L. RUPERT LANE. (16) Halliday, W. Golightly Inn 10 C. Johnson, J. • Atherton V. 9 C. Cowgill, Mrs. Self V. 9 C. Aspinall, T. M' George V. 9 C. Shand, C. Self V. 1 C. Kendall, Mrs. E. Lowrie V. 10 C. Lowrie, T. Self V. 8 C. Taylor, J. Pyke V. 10 C. Benn, R. Brandreth V. 9 C. Bull, Mrs. Ditto H. 12 C. VILLAGE. (17) Harrison, W. Farmer H. 11 C. Chaffers, Miss Self V. 5 C. Wrenshall, W. Pyke V. 7 C. Pyke, J. Self V. 7 C. Stevenson, C. Pyke H. 12 C. Empty Plumpton V. 9 C. Syers, W. Tatlock H. 10 C. Shaw, W. Farmer H. 11 C. Rainford, T. Hodgson C. 12 C. Jones, W. Ditto C. 11 C. Slingsby, J. Slingsby C. 10 C. Tatlock, Mrs. Self V. 8 C. Empty Anderton C. 12 C. Sf;/ APPENDIX. 441 Hitchmough, J. Anderton C. 12 C. Slingsby, T. Ditto H. 10 C. Atherton, R. Naylor Dairy 11 C. Creer, R. M'George H. & S, 11 C. Sandiford, R. Self H. & S, 10 C. Topping, Mrs. Self H. 10 C. Smith, John Shaw C. 11 F. Lyon, John Farmer 12 C. Syers, G. Green V. 9 C. Robson, T. Ditto V. 9 C. Withers, G. Brown V. 9 C. Holmes, J. Fisher V. 6 C. Shaw, T. Self V. 6 F. EVERTON LANE. (18) Rutter, Mrs. Shaw H. 12 F. Coleman, Miss Cliffe School 5C. Buchanan, D. Plumpton V. 5 C. Sands, T. Ditto V. 4 C. Wain, Mrs. Ditto V. 5 C. Latham, A. Ditto V. 5 C. Fosberry, W. Self V. 6 C. Logan, J. V. 6 C. Russell, William Gleave V. 6 C. Brooks, Rev. J. Self V. 3 C. V 1 Roach, Mrs. Plumpton H. & G. 8 C. Empty Ditto H. &G. 8 C. Lodge, A. Gregson V. 1 C. BIRCH FIELD. (80) Ross, H. W. Exrs Ewart V. 3 F. RAKE LANE. (19) Bruce, Rev. J. Trust. Cemetery 5 C. Jones, Mrs. S. . Widdowson C. 12 F, 442 APPENDIX. Turton, W. Anderton C. 12 F. MILL LANE. (20) Richardson, J. Wood H. &G. 11 C. Gore, H. Gore H. &G. 11 C. Maddock, T. Remmington H. &G. 11 C. Evans, S. Ditto H. &G. 12 C. Jones, Mrs. Ditto H. &G. 11 C. Edwards, Mary Ditto H. &G. 12 C. Padmore, Mrs. Ditto H. &G. 12 C. Dickson, G. Waugh H. &G. 11 C. Harding, J. Ditto H. &G. 11 C. WHITEFIELD LANE. (21) Hughes, Mrs. Gibbon C. &G. 11 F. & L. Reddish, T. Self V. e F. HANGFIELD LANE. (22) Taylor, D. Exrs Harding H. 12 L. Hodgson, A. Ditto V. 3 L. Cordes, J. J. Ditto V. 8 L. Frodsham, R. Perry C. 12 BRECK LANE. (23) Powell, R. Self V. 0 L. Reeves, T. Self V. 9 L. M'Guire, Rev. W Reeves H. 10 L. Empty Ditto H. 9 L. Spencer, Richard Richardson G. 12 L. Rose, J. Rose V. 11 L. Pickering, W. Self V. 9 L. Empty Gillespie H. 10 L. Barnes, H. Self H. 9 L. Harding, Mrs. Exrs Harding V. 3 L. Milner, T. Exrs Barton V. 8 C. Law, Mrs. J. Rogerson V. 9 C. APPENDIX. 443 Fry, J. Self V. 5 C. Mawdsley, E. Self V. 11 C. Nay lor, R. Self H. &G. 11 C. Ovens, R. Self H. &G. 11 C. Weetman, J. Ovens H. &G. 11 C. Wilson, R. Thompson H. &G. 12 C. Heaton, J. Self H. &G. 11 C. Ball, J. Self H. &G. 11 C. Tweddell, Rev. R. Jones V. 9 C. Bowman, Mrs. Pyke H. 10 C. Maynard, T. Self H. &G. 11 C. Empty Heaton H. &G. 11 C. Empty Ditto H. &G. 11 C. Thomas, R. Thompson H. &G. 12 C. PRINCE EDWIN STREET. (24) Hodgson, D. Exrs Adamson V. 6 C. Appleton, W. Self V. 3 C. & F. Bryan, R. Dale V. 8 F. Mossman, A. Cope V. 7 F. Moore, T. Bickersteth V. 7 F. Da Costa, A. J Bowden V. 9 F. Benson, J. Robinson V. 7 F. Robinson, G. Self v, 9 F. Taylor, J. Robinson V. 9 F. Cope, B. Self V. 10 F. Appleton, R. Robinson V. 8 F. & C. Empty Ditto V. 8 F. & C. GREAT NELSON STREET • (25) Houghton, R. Self V. 2 Pennington, J. Birtles H. 10 F. Hughes, T. Ditto H. 10 F. Bankes, H. Ditto H. 10 F. Empty Ditto H. 10 F. 444 APPENDIX. Wilson, J. Birtles H. 10 F. Wright, Mrs. Ditto H. 10 F. GREAT HOMER STREET. (26) Irvin, I. Davies H. 10 C. Strickland, Mrs. Taylor H. 10 C. Empty Ditto H. 10 C. Sutherland Ditto H. 10 C. Taylor, R. Ditto H. 10 C. Berthoud. J. Clough H. 10 C. Strickland, J. Clough H. 10 C. Trougher, Mrs. Self H. 10 C. Farnworth, Miss Brewe H. 10 C. Kenworthy, Mrs. Ditto H. 10 C. Ellison, T. Self H. 10 C. Cleworth, J. Self H. 9 C. Empty Taylor H. 10 C. Cudd, J. Parry H. 10 C. Geddes, J. J. Self H. 10 C. Jones, J. Parry H. 10 C. Brettargh, T. Hargreaves Inn 6 C. Greenall, E. Worrall H. 10 C. Rothwell, H. Wilson H. 10 c. Swift, J. Christian H. 11 C. Fothergill, W. Pierce H. 11 C. Hibbert, T. Ditto H. 11 C. Empty Christian H. 11 C. Sudlow, T. M. GUI H. 11 e. Gill, J. Ditto H. 10 C. Gill, Joseph Ditto H. 10 C. Randies, J. H. Jones H. 11 C. Jones, John Self H. 11 C. Me Kee, S. Brown H. 10 C. Dutton, J. Ball H. 10 C. Hillam, T. Self v H. 10 C. APPENDIX. 445 Toxall, Mrs. Hayes H. 10 C. Empty Griffiths H. 10 C. Sim, J. Dumbell H. 10 C. Cooper, T. Williams H. 11 C. Nicholson, G. W. Duckworth H. 11 C. Anstice, J. B. Williams H. 11 C. Kenyon, Mrs. Ditto H. 11 C. ROSE VALE. (27) Ridgway, Mrs. Wilson H. 10 C. Beakbane, T. Carter H. JO C. Wilson, Mrs. Wilson H. 10 C. Skerratt, W. N. Ditto H. 10 C. Lowe, A. Exrs Jones H. 10 C. Foster, W. Sen. Williams H. 10 C. Foster, J. Ditto H. 10 C. Empty Byrom H. 10 c. Sutton, A. Ditto H. 10 C. Carr, Mrs. M. Ditto H. &G. 10 C. Davies, H. Ditto H. &G. 10 C. PORTLAND PLACE. (28) Dawbarn, J. Jones H. 11 C. Keogh, L. Gill H. 11 C. Parkinson, R. Stewart H. 11 C. Sudlow, H. Gill H. 11 C. Collard, A. Lucas H. 11 C. Langtree, G. Williams H. 10 C. Hammitton, R. H. Ditto H. 10 C. Moorehouse, J. Self H. 10 C. Baddenach, George H. 10 c. Trotter, T. Woods H. 10 C. Blundell, Mrs. J. Ditto H. 10 c. Matthews, Mrs. M. Self H. 10 C. Perry, J. Williams H. 10 C. 446 APPENDIX. Empty Williams H. 10 C. Nicholson, Miss Ditto H. 10 C. Taylor, John Self H. 10 C. Haskayne, W. Self H. 10 C. Collard, Miss Smith H. 10 C. Carrick, Mrs. Steele H. 10 C. Downing, B. H. Williams H. 10 C. DRYDEN STREET. (29) Shotwell, Mrs. Clough H. 11 C. Cave, R. Picton H. 12 C. Muir, J. Ditto H. 11 C. Webster, J. Stanley H. 12 C. Ellis, R. Ditto H. 12 C. VIRGIL STREET. (30) Lindsay, W. Exrs Brewe- H. 11 C. Byrne, C. H. Ditto H. 11 C. Fair, J. Ditto H. 11 C. Ackers, J. Ditto H. 11 C. Tyson, W. Ditto H. 11 C. Warren, J. H. Taylor H. 11 C. Mercer, Mrs. Self H. 11 C. Crank, T. Self H. 11 C. Lamb, J. Crank H. 11 C. Shaw, W. Collard H. 11 C. Empty Arrowsmith H. 11 C. Wommersley, J. Crank H. 11 C. Healing, Elizabeth Ditto H. 11 C. Cummins, R. Self H. 11 C. Edwards R: Shaw H. 11 C. Empty Ditto H. 11 C. Atherton, Captain J. Pierce H. 11 C. Higgin, Mrs. M. Williams H. 12 C. Williams, W. Ditto H. 12 C. Mills, E. Ditto H. 12 C. APPENDIX. 447 Crewdson, A. Ditto H. 12 C. Mills, J. Worrall 12 C. COLLINGWOOD STREET. (31) Burden, W. Clough H. 11 C. Caesar, T. Self H. 12 C. Quale, Margaret Christian H. 12 C. Fox, T. Self H. 11 C. Johnson, J. Self H. 10 C. Empty Brewe H. 9 C. Williams, W. Self H. 11 C. Renwick, J. Williams H. 11 C. Owens, R. Self H. 12 C. Kirkman, R. H. 12 C. Price, T. Ford H. 11 C. Cowell, W. Ditto H. 11 C. Pugh, E. Davies H. 12 C. Newton, R. Edwards H. 12 C. Fairhurst, M. Jones H. 12 C. Jones, W. Jones H. 12 C. ROSCOMMON STREET. (32) Davies, J. Self H. &G. 9 C. Wainwright, G. J. Self H. &G. 9 C. Jackson, J. Self H. &G. 9 C. Bryans, J. Davies H. &G. 9 C. Stockdale, T. Ditto H. &G. 9 C. Bird, Mrs. Self H. & G. 8 C. Irlam, G .B. Rowlands H. & G. 7 C. Cliffe, A. Byrom H. & G. 8 C. Turner, G. Carson H. & G. 4 C. Glazebrook, F. J. Brown H. 9 C. Empty Ditto H. 9 C. Hutchinson, J. Manifold H. 9 C. Tronson, R. 1 lillani H. 9 C. Dale, J. Walker H. 9 C. APPENDIX. Harrison, D. Duckworth H. 11 C. Cator, W. Ditto H. 9 C. Sanderson, H. J. Self H. 6 C. Johnson, George Self H. 6 C. Smallwood, Mrs. Exrs Roper H. 8 C. M'Cheane, W. Self H. 10 C. Dodson, Miss Syers H. 10 C. Aspinall, R. Ditto H. 9 C. Parton, J. Atherton H. 9 C. Foster, William, J. Exrs Beetinson H. 7 C. Johnson, Mrs. Sanderson H. 9 C. Booker, T. Appleton Brewery 5 C. Adamson, T. Self H. 10 C. Parlane, A. Exrs Wiatt H. 7 C. Beetinson, Mrs. Exrs Beetinson H. 8 C. Harrison, D. Self H. 8 C. Wiatt, Mrs. M. Self H. 8 C. Jones, E. Exrs Wiatt H. 12 C. Martindale, W. Cleworth S. 12 C. WEBSTER STREET. (33) Dooly, J. Exrs Watmough S. 12 F. Lessey, D. Fog H. 11 F. Parkinson, A. Ditto H. 11 F. Abraham, W. Ditto H. 11 F. Taylor, T. Self H. 12 F. Mottershead. T. Taylor H. 12 F. Spencer, H. Self H. 10 F. Edwards, J. Spencer H. 11 F. Watkin, J. Brown H. 11 F. Hesketh, B. Molyneux H. 11 F. M'Rae, J. Clague H. 11 F. Hayes, J. Ditto H. 11 F. M'Kenzie, J. Ditto H. 12 F. Haddock, H. Self H. 11 F. APPENDIX. 449 Bowman, W. Pritchard H. 11 F. Shaw, W. C. Ditto H. 11 F. Halliday, P. Ditto H. 11 F. Billing, W. Ditto H. 11 F. Wilson, H. Davies H. 11 F. STRICKLAND STREET. (34; M'Kenzie, A. Self H. 12 F. Agar, Mrs. Burlancl H. 12 F. Bowerbank, F. Self H. 12 F. York, E. Shewell H. 12 F. Empty Nicholson H. 12 F. Forshaw, H. Ditto H. 12 F. Howarth, R. Formby H. 12 F. Wilson, F. Moore H. 12 F. Berry, W. Forshaw H. 12 F. Empty Rooper H. 12 F. Haydock, H. Self Stable 12 F. Whitbread, J. Molyneux H. 12 F. Bickerstaff, W. Linney H. 12 F. Walter, T. Ditto H. 12 F. M'Mullin, J. Spencer H. 12 F. Tyrrell, G. M'Guffie H. 11 F. Clagiie, Robert Self H. 12 F. Leggett, J. Pritchard H. 12 F. Wright, Mrs. Ditto H. 12 F. Barrow, Mrs. J. Ditto H. 12 F. Pritchard, T. Ditto H. 12 F. BACK PRINCE EDWIN STREET. (35) Campbell, P. Cope H. 12 F. Bebbington Ditto H. 12 F. Perry, R. Ditto H. 12 F. WELLINGTON STREET. (36) Steele, J. Steele H. 11 F. 2 G 450 APPENDIX. Walklate, Mrs. Edmonson H. 11 F. Ward, J. Ditto H. 11 F. Corkindale, H. Self H. 11 F. UPPER BEAU STREET. (37) Handy, W. B. Corkindale H. 11 F. Ellis, G. Henshaw H. 11 F. Hilton, Rev. J. Emery H. 11 F. Chaffers, J. Ditto H. 10 F. Sutton, William Ditto H. 10 F. Nixon, T. Ditto H. 10 F. Atherton, Mrs. Spencer H. 11 F. Yelverton, T. Goslin H. 11 F. Mercer, H. Ditto H. 11 F. Price, R. Exs. Hilton H. 11 F. Jump, Mrs. E. Self H. 11 F. Brown, Ann Forrest H. 11 F. Swire, S. Padley H. 11 F. Oxley, T. Ditto H. 11 F. Empty Forrest H. 11 F. Taylor, E. Binkes H. — F. Robinson, George Self H. — F. Birkett, W. Chandler H. — F. Taylor, Mrs. Self H. — F. Mason, S. Self H. — F. BERESFORD STREET. (38) Chaffers, Mrs. Padley H. — F. Dagnall, J. Hayman H. •p Brennand, M. Edmonson H. — F. Edmonson, W. Self H. — F. Hazlett, Elizabeth Bramwall H. — F. Maddock, S. Hindle H. — F. Empty Ditto H. — F. BACK STRICKLAND STREET. (39) Me Gregor, W. Spencer H. 12 F. APPENDIX. 451 Metcalf, J. Hankin H. 12 F. Kelsall, J. Ditto H. 12 F. MARY ANN STREET. (40) Jukes, J. Exrs Thompson H. 9 L. Shand, W. Exrs Beetenson V. 6 L. Jones, Thomas Self V. 8 L. Hind, Mrs. Heyworth H. 11 L. Miller, Mrs. Exrs Beetenson H. 11 L. Appleton, T. Byrom H. 11 L. WATMOUGH STREET. (48) Wylie, D. Self H. 11 F. Watmough, Mrs. Exrs Watmough H. 11 F. Forrest, T. Self H. 11 F. HAWORTH STREET. (78) Santley, J. Taylor H. 12 F. Clay, J. Ditto H. 12 F. PINFOLD HOUSE. (55) Johnson, J. Township H. 12 L. BEACON LANE COTTAGES. (9) Davies, R. Me George H. 12 L. Wilson, R. Ditto H. 12 L. Harrison, C. Ditto H. 12 L. Foster, C. Ditto H. 12 L. Fairclough, R. Pritchard H. 12 L. CLIFTON STREET. (71) Wilson, W. Not ascertained H. 11 F. Dickson, Mrs. Ditto H. 11 F. Bishop, J. H. Ditto H. 11 F. Glover, R. Ditto H. 11 F. JOHN STREET. (42) Me George, J. Self H. & G. 10 L. 452 APPENDIX. GRENVILLE STREET. (46) Fairclough, T. Me Gee H. 12 C. Marshall, R. Not ascertained H. 11 C. Houghton, J. Ditto H. 12 C. GRECIAN TERRACE. (59) Davies, J. R. Atherton V. 8 L. Empty Ditto V. 8 L. Empty Ditto V. 8 L. Empty Ditto V. 8 L. SHAW STREET. (43) Christian, G. Lyon H. 7 F. Rawdon, J. Ditto H. 8 F. Empty Reed H. 7 F. Whitley, J. Self H. 3 F. Empty Hartley H. 7 F. Empty Hankin H. 7 F. Empty Ditto H. 7 F. WATERHOUSE LANE . (57) Stokes, Mrs. Waterhouse H. 12 C. Waterhouse, Mrs Self V. 1 C. YORK TERRACE. (58) • Empty Atherton V. 10 L. Ditto Ditto V. 10 L. Ditto Ditto V. 10 L. Ditto Ditto V. 10 L. Ditto Ditto V. 10 L. Ditto Ditto V. 10 L. STRETCH'S COURT. (75) James, A. Stretch c. 12 L. Leigh, W. Ditto c. 12 L. Boyle, A. Ditto c. 12 L. APPENDIX. 453 DIRECTORY FOR EVERTON. 1830. The figures denote the street or place at which each person resides; and a table is given, at page 460, et seq., in which each street will be found, numbered from 1 to 87 inclusive* Appleton, Thomas ,, 40 Atherton, James i 13 Anderton, Thomas . 3 Aspinall, Thomas . 16 Appleton, William . 24 Ashcroft, Edmund . 5 Alston, J. F. . 3 Aspinall, Richard . 32 Adamson, Thomas ; 32 Abraham, William . 33 Atherton, Mrs. , . . 37 Atherton, Capt. James. 30 Ackers, Joseph . 30 Attwood, Mr. . 4 Anderson, John . 6 Attwood, J. T. . 5 Atherton, Robert . 17 , A gar, Ann . 34 Appleton, Rains . 24 Austice, J. B. . 26 Blundell, Mrs. Mary . 1 Brown, William . 3 Benn, Robert . 16 Bird, Mrs. .- 32 Boardman, John . 4 Beetenson, Mrs. ,. : 3^ Batley, George o. •«. 15 Boothby, J. B. !;,v 4 Buchanan, Daniel .... , 18 Boardman, R. B. ... " 4 Brown, George [ ;. 1 Bruce, Rev. J. *. 19 Bebbington, John . 2 Barton, Miles -,. 15 Belcher, Michael . 11 Bull, Mrs. . 16 Benson, John . 24 Brooks, Rev. J. . 18 Ball, Thomas . 4 Beakbane, Thomas . 27 Bootle Water Works . 5 Buddicom, Rev. R. P. 13 Best, Miss . 15 Branch, Thomas . 15 Brown, Ann . 37 Buchanan, John . 5 Bowerbank, Thomas . 34 Berthoud, Julius . 26 Banks, Henry . 25 Barry, William . .; 34 Brennancl, Miss . 38 Barton, Mrs. S. >.. 3 Barrow, Mrs. Jane . 34 Bickerstaff, William . 34 Blundell, Mrs. Jane . 28 Baddenoch, G. G. . 28 Barnes, Henry . 23 Bryans, R. . 24 Billing, William . 33 Bryans, James . ; . . 32 Brocklebank, Mrs. . 7 Barton, Miss . 15 Brebner, James . 1 454 APPENDIX. Bowman, Mrs Barker, J. R. Brown, W. A. Brawn, Laurence Brettargh, Thomas Booker, Thomas Boyle, Alexander Baldwin, W. H. Bickersteth, William Ball, J. Byrne, C. H. Burden> W. Bowman, W. Bebbington Birkett, W. Bishop, J. H. Carson, John Campbell, Colin Corrie, Miss Chaffers, Miss Crank, Thomas Cliff, Adam Cropper, John Chew, Mrs. Cope, Benjamin Coleman, Miss Campbell, John Cooper, John Coleman, Robert Cleworth, Joseph Collard> Miss Clare, George Calor, William Cummins, Richard Cowgill, Mrs. Corkendale, Mrs. Carr, Mrs. 23 13 13 15 26 32 75 4 5 23 30 31 33 35 37 71 4 4 9 17 30 32 4 4 Clay, John Carter, William Cooke, William Cowell, William Cannell, Miss Cooper, Thomas Chaffers, J. Creer, Robert Cordes, J. A. Cudd, James Carrick, Mrs. Caesar, Thomas Coleburn, Mrs. Collard, Abraham Cave, R. Crewdson, A. Clague, Robert Campbell, P. Chaffers, Mrs. Christian, George Dixon, William Dobson, Richard Dyson, T. F. Drinkwater, Exrs of 24 _Davies, Henry 18 Downing, B. H. 4 Duly, Richard 2 Dickson, G. F. 11 Dodson, Miss 26 Davies, John 28 Dale, John 5 Duarte, T. J. 32 Dutton, John 30 Dagnall, John 16 Davidson, John 36 Dawbam, John 27 Dooly, John 78 5 15 31 5 26 37 17 22 26 28 31 7 28 29 30 34 35 38 43 4 11 11 27 28 6 14 32 32 32 2 26 38 4 28 33 APPENDIX. 455 Davies, Richard 9 Foden, William 11 Delonde, C. 5 Foster, J. • '<*. -i 27 Dickson, G. 20 Fox, T. /#; r- 31 Da Costa, A. J. 24 Fairclough, T. •}•'» 46 Dickson, Mrs. 71 Davies, J. R. 59 Gaudy, W. J. Gill, Joseph 5 26 Gill James •> 26 Earle, William Eyes, Miss ''• ''.• >•• Ellison, Miss ; * 4 4 3 Guest, Joseph Geddes, J. J. 15 26 Edwards, James J t~ . • • • Edwards, Robert . . Ellison, Timothy Edmonson, William . 33 30 26 38 Gore, H. Greenall, C. ,. Glazebrook, F. J. Glover, R. 20 26 32 71 Evans, Samuel 20 Haydock, H. 34 Ellis, George - V 37 Houghton, J. • . '• 46 English, Thomas - . 15 Hesketh, B. J V- 33 Edwards, Mary • »*? 20 Haines, Richard 1 Ellis, R. . - ..-,-.' 29 Hanmer, Latham 2 Harrop, John • t * 5 Fothergill, W. 26 Halliday, William 16 Fairhurst, Michael ' ;. : ' 31 Higginson, John 15 Forshaw, Hugh : 34 Houghton, Richard 25 Fair, Miss Alice 5 Harrison, Isaac v 32 Forrest, Thomas 48 Haworth, Mrs. 3 Fennel, Charles ~K.' ;' 17 Hodgson, Adam . 22 Harding, Mrs. . • 23 Hilton, Rev. Mr. V 37 Hughes, Miss ' . '' 15 Handy, W. B. : 37 Healing, Mrs. Eliz. . 30 Haskayne, William . 28 Haworth, Robert . 34 Hindle, John . 7 Harrison, William . 17 Hibbert, Thomas . -.; 26 Hughes, Thomas . 25 Hamilton, R. H. i 28 Harper, David . 7 Humphries, David . 13 Halliday, Peter . 33 Haddock, Henry . 33 Heaton, James . 23 Hughes, Mrs. * 21 Harrison, Christ. .._. 9 Heyes, J. /» 33 Howe, John * 4 Hankin, William . 4 Holmes, Isaac . 17 Hazlett, Elizabeth . . 38 Harding, J. . 20 Higgin,Mrs. !>,„,, 30 Hall, C. .,».,, 4 Hutton, B. . 4 Hornby, J. .13 Jackson, John •. . 32 Jackson, William . 4 Jones, William . 17 Johnson, Mrs. . 32 Jones, Chris. H. . v /; 2 Jones, Thomas . 40 Jones, John . 15 Jones, Mrs. Sarah . 19 Jones, Mrs. . 20 Johnson, Mrs. . 5 Johnson, George . 32 Jones, John . 4 Jones, John . 26 James, Andrew . 75 Johnson, James . 55 Johnson, John . 31 Irlam, G. B. . 32 Jones, Edward . 34 Jump, Mrs. Eliz. . 37 Jones, John . 1 Johnson, Joseph . 16 Ironsides, C. ./: 13 Irvin, J. . 26 Jones, J. . 26 Jones, W. . 31 Jukes, J. .40 Keogh, Lawrence . 28 Knowles, Thomas . 3 Kitchen, J. E. . 15 Kirkman, Robert . 31 Kendall, Mrs. E. . 16 Kenworthy, Mrs. . 26 Kelsall, W. . 39 Livingstone, Mrs. . 3 Lister, Edward (41) . 4 Lorimer, Mrs. . 15 Laffer, Henry . 4 Latham, Mrs. Alice . 2 Lowrie, Thomas . 16 APPENDIX. 457 Ledson, Robert 4 Moon, James Lorimer, Charles 11 Mercer, Henry Lapage, Frederick 3 Mason, Stanhope Lang, John 7 Muller, John F. Ledward, Edward 13 Matthews, Mrs. Mary Logan, James 18 Miller, Mrs. Lodge, Adam 18 Moore, Stephen Law, Mrs. Jane 23 Middleton, Charles S. Lyon, John 17 M'Rae, J. Lindsay, William 30 Maddox, Joseph Latham, Arthur 18 M'Mulling, J. Leigh, William 75 Moorhouse, John Lowe, Adrian 27 Myers, Robert Langtree, George 28 M'Kee, Samuel Lindsay, W. 30 Mottershead, T. Lamb, J. , 30 Morgan, J. Lessey, D. 33 Maxwell, J. Leggat, J. 34 Maynard, T. Mossman, Adam Mills, E. 31 Moor, Thomas Mills, J. .',."..' 31 M'Guire, Rev. Martindale, W. » 32 Millner, T. Mottershead, T. 37 Muir, J. Maddock, S. ^ . 38 M'Gregor, W. 39 Naylor, Richard Metcalf, J. 39 Nickson, Thomas Marshall, R. 46 Nicholson, William Marsh, Mrs. 3 Neale, Mather, John P. 4 Nicholson, Miss M 'George, John 42 Newton, R. M'Cheane, W. 32 M'George, Miss 11 Oven, R. Mawdsley, Edward 23 Owens, Richard Myers, William 12 Oxley, Thomas M'Kenzie, Alexander . 34 M'Kenzie, John 37 Perry, William Martinborough, John . 35 Potter, Miss Mercer, Mrs. 30 Pyke, John 13 37 37 15 28 40 15 13 37 20 34 28 10 26 5 6 6 23 24 24 23 23 29 23 37 28 1 28 31 23 31 37 11 11 17 458 APPENDIX. Potter, Mrs. . 4 Pritchard, Mrs, ' : '. •' 8 Parry, Robert '. • - 11 Parlane, Alexander '*. ' 32 Prescot, William ; •" 2 Powell, Richard *'. ' 23 Pickering, William . 23 Pennington, John . 15 Parton, J. . 32 Price, Thomas " i • 31 Parkinson, Arthur . 33 Powles, Alfred William 2 Pearson, John . 5 Padmore, Mrs. . 20 Pritchard, Thomas . 34 Post Office . 15 Parkinson, Robert . 28 Perry, John '.' ' 28 Porter, T. . 1 Pugh, E. v : 31 Parry, R. . ' 35 Price, Richard . 37 Pennington, John . 25 Quale, Margaret . 31 Rowe, Miss . 1 Robinson, William . 3 Rutter, Mrs. '. 18 Robinson, George . 24 Russell, William . 18 Ridgway, Mrs. 'V • 27 Reid, Lady . 5 Robson, Thomas ' '. ' 17 Richardson, Jos. . 20 Reddish, Thomas .' 21 Reeves, Thomas . 23 Roth well, Henry ''':'•* 20 Rogerson, James '• . '• 6 Rainford, Thomas " i - 17 Rothwell, William . 9 Ramsbottom, George . 9 Ross, H. W. . 80 Rose, James . 23 Randalls, J. H. . 26 Renwick, James . 31 Rawdon, J. . 43 Robinson, George . 37 Rawdon, J. . 1 Radclifte, W. . 3 Richardson, Captain . 7 Roach, Mrs. . 18 Sudlow, H. . 28 Shotwell, Mrs. . 29 Shaw, W. C. . 33 Spencer, Richard . 23 Sutton, William . 37 Stokes, Mrs. . 57 Syers, George . 17 Shaw, Thomas . 17 Strickland, J. . 26 Smallwood, Mrs. . 32 Sanderson, H. J. . 32 Styles, Samuel . 4 Sharp, Miss . 15 Shaw, William . 17 Staniforth, Samuel . 3 Syers, William . 17 Shand, William . 40 Salkeld, George . 4 Stockdale, Thomas . 32 Slingsby, James . 17 Swift, James . 26 Sutton, Ashton . 27 Shand, Charles . 1G APPENDIX. 459 Sandiford, Robert 17 Taylor, Edmund 37 Slingsby, James 17 Taylor, Mrs. Mary «" 37 Syers, Robert 4 Trougher, Mrs. Jane . 26 Scurr, John 4 Taylor, Thomas 33 Stevenson, Charles 17 Turton, William •'. "<>' 19 Smith, John 17 Taylor, J. 16 Shaw, William 30 Taylor, D. 22 Sutherland, John 26 Taylor, Richard 26 Simpson, Joseph 3 Thomas, R. 23 Strickland, Mrs. 26 Toxall, Mrs. 26 Sudlow, Thomas M. . 26 Trotter, T. . 28 Stennet, Mrs. A. 2 Tyrrell, G. -. ' 34 Sim, J. 26 Swire, Samuel 37 Unsworth, J. 1 Smith, James 5 Sands, Thomas 18 Waterhouse, Mrs. 57 Spencer, Henry 33 Wainwright, T. W. . 3 Santly, John 78 Wiatt, Mrs. Mary 32 Sandiford, John 9 Warren, John H. 30 Skerrat, W. N. 27 Whalley, John 9 Swift, Mrs. J. 6 Wright, John 1 Steele, J. 36 Wainwright, George J. 32 Wainer, Charles 60 Tomlinson, John '_ . 1 Wilson, William 14 Tarlton, Miss ' » 4 Wrenshall, William . 17 Taylor, John 15 Williams, William 11 Turner, George 32 Wright, Mrs. - . 25 Tattersall, Thomas 15 Wilson, John 25 Thomas, Edward ! . 15 Wilson, H. ] ./ 33 Topping, Mrs. * . 17 Wommersly, John 30 Tatlock, Mrs. \. 17 Wybergh, John 11 Tronson, Robert 32 Wilson, Mi's. Maiy . 5 Tatlock, William 4 Willasey, Executors of 11 Taylor, John 28 Williams, William 31 Thompson, Alexander 11 Withers, George 17 Taylor, John 24 Wain, Mrs. Mary 18 Tweddle, Rev. R. 23 Wilson, Fred. William 34 Tyson, William ' . 30 Woodhouse, Samuel 81 460 APPENDIX. Weetman, James . 23 Wilson, E. . 13 Wilson, Mrs. , " 27 Williams, Edward . 6 Watkins, Robert < . •. 15 Wilson, Robert . 23 Wright, Mrs. . • :.. - 34 Walklate, Mrs. ;. ; 36 Wylie, David ; * r . 48 Woolton, John ; ; % r 78 Wilson, Robert . . 9 Wrigley, J. H. >. . -: 7 Webster, J. . 29 Williams, W. ., 30 Watkin, J. Ward, J. Whitbread, J. Walter, T. Watmough, Mrs. Wilson, Wm. Whitley, J. Wrightson, George Yates, Mrs. Ursula York, Edmund Yelverton, W. Yelverton, T. 1 34 1 37 EVERTON ROADS. The numbers refer to the Directory. The italic capitals and small letters refer to the Map, ivhere the streets are marked as the letters are placed here. 1 Everton Crescent 16 v 2 Everton Brow 17 3 Netherfield-rd. south 18 4 Netherfield-rd. north 19 5 B Devonshire Place 20 6 St. Domingo Lane 2 1 7 Everton Valley 22 8 Walton Breck Lane 23 9 Beacon Lane 24 U 10 P p Sparling Street 25 Q 11 Church Street 26 S 1 2 Mere Lane 27 L 13 F Lodge Lane 28 K 14 Hill Side, or St. 29 M George's Hill 30 0 15 Terrace 31 P Rupert Lane Village Everton Lane Rake Lane Mill Lane Whitefield Lane Hangfield Lane Breck Lane Prince Edwin Street Great Nelson Street Great Homer Street Rose Vale Portland Place Dryden Street Virgil Street Collingwood Street APPENDIX. 461 32 J Roscommon Street 62 C 33 Z 34 F 35 V Webster Street Strickland Street Back Prince Edwin 63 Ff 64 Gg 65 Uu Street 66 T t 36 37 W 38 X Wellington Street Upper Beau Street Beresford Street 67 R r 68 Kk 69 39 Back Strickland St. 70 40 li 41 Hh Mary Ann Street Gloucester Place 71 Ss 72 C c 42 A John Street 73 43 E e Shaw Street U Dd 45 B b 46 AT Haigh Street Salisbury Street Grenville Street 74 E 75 76 47 H Sackville Street 77 48 ^ a 49 Watmough Street Round Hill Lane 78 79 50 51 Boundary Lane Breck Lands 80 81 52 53 LI 54 55 Walton Cop Priory Lane Rocky Lane Pinfold Place 82 / 83 R 84 T 56 Brow Side 85 M m 57 Waterhouse Lane 86 0 o 58 D York Terrace 59 Qq 60 F Grecian Terrace Northumberland do. 87 G 61 Albion Crescent New Street near do. New do. Breck Lane Do. do. Do. Mere Lane Do. do. 0 Hygeia Street Do. in Great Hey Do. in do. Do. in Little do. Clifton Street Upper Mansfield St. New Street opposite Crescent Albion Street Stretch's Court Great Homer Place Myrtle Court Haworth Street Edwards Place Birch Field Bronte Lane Back Roscommon St. Birtles Place Street south of Ros- common Street Perry Lane Mr. Plumpton's new Street Little Street, Ros- common Street 462 APPENDIX. o H HH CO O PH H cc PH H 13 fi ft APPENDIX. 463 O M « •8 S 53 0 0 p p ft a S . . ill oo o "3 o ?2 P P p fc a w 9 3'i 2 S -g O O £ H oo d H O IB* •3 B «r S S to 5 a &c. wi H H jf * o o o o o P P P Q P £ S « — 3 fe r3 ff-a a <; •* rj •£ g • U 0 H| 02 O l-H O tij pb [^H t< E^ ft^ h^ t^ tM PM f^ (^ (^ t^ H"3 hJ ("^ ^^ f^ H^ nJ ^3 h^ h"3 h*3 ^J OCOT^Tt-,••••* I'aa1^*""* • •••hHo>**«****^2*'*B : : : : 5 W : • : : : — 1 S : : : * :|22 s* i ' : : : :^ I S J : : : ; ; : : 1: 1 1 : : : 1 >,,§ ^ 2 ffi ^ * * * rg 2 • * &1&* £ » : : :3n §1 . g nsfe^S"^ .2 goo^TS^oooi^oco-Heo'g^^^eog ^gjrQD-t-'ij yCISo^s. §53 ** >Soo2fflO^PPwgo!^ WO « »*v*' ... 0200000200 od ^?^^ ^^^i^^^lz;^!^!^!^'^;!? •-p-H^FHrt — -•t-'i-trHpHp-te^c^c^c^c^CT^e^eNcxe^iyjo* : i i '. i i o< VI H fcc ^^^ i fjS^waf^^^W'M*^! n 4 464 APPENDIX. e • M ~o 1 en CT" 2 CT "o 0, 03 W & ti — O S w & 1 | u 3 er |« O" 5J< S H « «T { SI S B 1 0 I E * »^/>^« F i ^ p p p p p „ j§ Jl 0 H» c5 066606^61 H . P£P : 3 1 O W C< OfNOOO FH O O "->O««O * '*' . : . • ^ ^ ' to g3 nS ~* . . '. 'S — 3 .. . . tg * « " I S § 2 sf S3— 2 5 2 J 2* • .s v o « -as B ^ 2 «« S 2 « * |Ba«S «g!z! 11 g> | 2 | | QJ ^3 V 1 ®1 •S 2 ^ .... " "s S ci PH ^5 i J? B I? *3 B P K 0 p p p p £ g CC CQ ^f ^' H W w w ^ . ^' £' ^' *r *^ *^ ^ f-4 F-4 ^-i f-l S S5 ^ jz; ^ W W W £ £ ^ i^j ^ ^ ^ ^' ^' OJ OJ CO 00 O ft, ^ *» « « -* u •« «. «w, »»-«•« rfg « *0 to •« « w e ^5 to T3 c^ *^ c^ ^ O C5 CO CO 05 W CO CO CO CO «»•*»•• •O «O : ST ' • w 5 H i . H fi o1 0 09 . w s? -FH B s • % « o o o o o o o o ^ 9 "2 o o o § o ft p p p p p p p P S3 p^ H w H OQ H B ^ d O O O O in Q p p p p O Hl p p \/.J 45 S 9 e H? PP 0 ^ APPENDIX. 465 o — iOtCTtler's Close . . . 1 s « K i g e House 3 Netherfield. t Netherfield. >» 2 W ^ S3 « S • U *1 C3 ^. CM ^" L^ *^H ^^ O3 fl\* °^ € g H 1 H« (5 tC £ S3 3 £ ^ ifl'i O Bl V g 1 S 0 'S ffl • S 03 ^ a1 a> a< fl 1 , $&&&& o M o g^50 W B > 11 |1 . 5 1 IMI^ ^ § o M (3 0 * if % • a> £ So ^ 2 § a - 1 r " i| r^ H | ^ H | •a a « sa i -2 4d«^sa ^ a fi^saftp • o * *"* o 1 •:•- 8 |SI| o 91 i-i 5M 0) 02 EH 02 H « 02 C4 GO T)< eo (N !-« > ! I * • ffi 1 • 2 ?l < |5| ^ Stf'p^p a | I., * 1 fifllfi r^ .2 .TH P -^1 ft? £ o £ rtQpSfcStf Netherfield . 'd • • • g . fi 'tiifi 3 «a >d w s S "^ » «)®ugs3a 1 9 ^gS^S^ P a ppqSOfe^ «sss§ § S 0 R, f s. H- se a ~ ^ fa] H S 02 «3 «3 «3 *O *O *O *O »O *O*O*OO'O*O co cp co cocococococo M | Q M 0 fc o° d d d d ddddddd 7 d d dddddd 0 Q ft p Q P ppppppp j P P ppPPPP H (-» * * *0 M *-» s Is ^ - APPENDIX. 467 « . 60 a s . w o ., P 8 '»» w &: "WW aJaJajcBaJaJaJ i^ S e •« « "e «>'s ! W W 468 APPENDIX. £ § s1 § . W 9 0 9 • "g {J >? lid i in ^ £ ID § $ on and Geo. sq. and others. * ° * i . * *i*« i3ii« I - £ f **-! j> _£ s i9 S H • «* ~ c« ,G -2< £ 1 1 r a. n Edward Re . H. J. Bart d various ot S H S Q2 o £§ 2 iS 'i •O^^Of^i fi" 2 ^C 8« «9 flS2«»§fe 0«°'§ H ^ g J -5 ^,0-i^HPWHH ! Jj 3o^ 5 P ^ P e IK! H • E. Mawdsley, C o £ ° .»• -w CO CO fel O H^ S N2 o co p* co O O eo -ocop i ^^ 3 W 5 U-J? 5 .-a 2 ^ 3 P ffl ^ •.•""/ . Whitefield . Mosses Hangfield . Ditto Oddhouse F Breck Hey . a a H a .. . „: ^ • & T y W . . • W i^ Jz; co co S co|5^gcocoa .'•/.' — •/ 5 CO co S H H § co *• S^ 554 f<» •« -« — e ,« u -« ' < d ^ Cj rf £ •«•» »4i 53 fO to "8 o o e > 0 ~ — — — — _ • . . . < o \ f*> a £ fl p p p APPENDIX. 469 « a p •r) 3 Late Wm. Ewart, Esq. various streets, &c. duuufeudddfc^^ddfefcJtJ^ijuyvdfefcfc 2 "" * ^* <• _ „ c$ __ : ilj : •^ , ^ : : o o o to o o — 2 "3 j2 > Hungry Croft. . . . Bean Hey Crofts : . . . . Beacon Field Cottage and Grour River Hey Whitefield Netherfield Croft Villa Cakefield • 2 rt 53 a ^t^ Netherfield HillSide Breck Hey Breck Fields Ditto .. . Villa and Garden-] M o 3 CO «J S 2 .fc w - Garden aT 9 r 1 • ^ H £ £ £ £ ^ ^ ^ CO CO CO 05 CO CO CO CO 00 02 t» ^ B •* 'C c « ^ *> c^ c^ ^ co co co co co ^t* ^* ^ ^* ^t* ^^ (? S S OQ OQ t^ t*- x QO 1 g B 0 C7 25 OQ o — OQ OQ & CO CO CO OQ (5 ^ a e e 2 "S •S 2 ft O 4) ^ 13 *j ^ « Jd - ^2 Cj^ . ^J PT7 i—H w "^ rt o ^Oajl3Jj>>^3 y SOffl^ftPQt*' • a 2 go •g rt 2 3 ffl t> 0 1 0 rg "a ^ ri rt o K 5S 3 > £ . ^ &f ss fci § § P» £H S 02 § § [5* CO ODS^CCOOK302 (/} 1*^1 H W ^j Jf rA? V? r4 e -o . ^ B a i-o & ~s O 3 'OutiQxOu'tj s -^ e O Q -c (D CD co co so r^ oo oo co co co O O) co co CO o §®^gg^^ S3 99 ?, t^ 00 00 . . « • >H | & a d a ft s ft g* * W J „ a a? tT ^d ^* O o • aT 1 £ 1 M "IS -*-> -£j w 2 «56S«*«o « ftft^^ftftft tlliam Harve . Brooks & ] a • • E o . ^^ ^o_ "S H s i >-, H >> 1 0 0 ft w ft a J w'o 0 ft « -S « * i o ^_ j| 8 472 APPENDIX. o -i o o Ct i™« CO Q^ i-N »-H COCOCOS^C^d'^'"*'"1*'"*!-* *^ CT i-" OC»fHi-irt--^p-Hi-«OOO©OOOOOC>OOOO ® O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO «- j j i : I j i •' 9 : d g, If j j : : I : j J § : I I o ' o' o S J I ': 1 2 3 :ge25233'S35'2l:3:c|" . a-£'fefec' S'"'^ f I lif!ij'§l«!i i! ^ I iJlillliipiiislJi^iiii APPENDIX. 473 i o "* - 8 o — • N CO Ol to =i 0 2 « S * 5 S 1 * h * . -, _^_ 0 d t— S 0 >a « 1 s't.'S" .00 8 C. Exrs. late N. Waterhouse. L) A L. 2 2 19 Messrs. Okill and others § i o o 115 acres of Leasehold land may be tolerably accounted fc y before-named quantity (f) 96 3 3 ] Deduct . 0 2 2fi ! y large portion in West Derby being fields, marked A , about y small portion in uo. oeing slips at ends 01 Wnitenei< y three small pieces unknown where now situated, viz. 009, 0 1 11, and 0 0 11 emainder may be roads and small patches which have 1 township at various times. [ think that, to make Rocky-lane straight, more than an acre of land, < rt of what was West Derby common, and uo part of the Everton lease i PRECEDING TABLE. (g) 15 c. There is some doubt here; in the division of the lease is given to George Heyes, and 0 1 4 to Tarlton and Johnson. them as they are in this table, on the conviction that the 0 croft (which George Heyes may subsequently have bought frc Johnson), for the measurement agrees. I have been guided, tc of the common hereabout (as in the old map of 1716), in givini east end of George Heyes' Hangfield. It ought to be remark g 0 1 ffl - £) S3 Eg 1 ™ o! * p. « m f "3 H « & g O o lM O rg H £ g 6 o <# a Is ^ nd W H 1 _o o 'o 1 OJ* "o ^ *"j O ro n _. *o o 3 ll | ^> a M irtj * 09 *1 s « o l" 1 P^ c O 4 E 1 I "1 • * S-'g (S 3 (N CO t~- i^ ? a 1 ^ 01 y S CO ^-•^-1 o S s 1 S £ i "s^a * 0 o *g ^ O ct ^ 55 9 rt - *§ 13 +! r -| o g 1 IB § rt « • * te fe •e V 6 la "o J Ji °- !s -a « § S > o3 « ^ ^ "5 )H flj "£ ,-j r^ •i. w 2 (O o o •-1 rt i-c 0» S» S M o H Q g 2 ^ o -a "S" 474 APPENDIX. c 5 * - l «2 ~ Iff g B - t- §-§ •3 s s j 88* C3 fac •* ^j - . - .a - ^ « .*, £ 2 §•! S 1 i S.J g 8 1 f ^1 f S f 1 lil^l!i-1il< l!^l|l!llf 1 1 » i i H a 1 « « $ -B J s ^. 8 § APPENDIX. 475 Immediately previous to having impressions taken from the engraving of this map, the "Liverpool Sewerage" bill was passed ; consequently the engraver has been enabled to trace on the plate, the direction, &c. of both the proposed and exist- ing streets that are to form the boundary lines between the townships of Liverpool and Everton ; the delineation of those intended boundary streets is given as copied from a plan in the possession of the township of Everton. On perusing the act, under the powers of which the said boundaiy streets are to be formed, it has been deemed proper to give, in this work, the fol- lowing brief statement of some parts of the clauses of said bill. The owners of certain fields, in Everton (and also in Liver- pool), through which the intended boundary street (in the north) is to pass, are to give the land that may be required to form the said boundary street, and such owners of land are to make good the fences on their respective fronts to said boundary street. The narrow strips of land that may be thrown into either or both the townships are to be purchased by the corporation of Liverpool, and are to be sold by the said corporation to the owners of such larger patches or parcels of land to which they may adjoin, so as to give such owners a front to the boundary street ; and said narrow strips of land " shall, from and after the respective conveyances of the same, be and become of the same tenure, and subject to the same uses, trusts, &c. as the lands to which the same may be respectively adjoined." Everton is to keep that part of the intended boundary street in repair that extends from the west end of Roscommon-street, northwardly, to the extreme north part of Mrs. Potter's land : Liverpool is to keep in repair all the other parts of all the said boundary streets that lie between the townships of Liverpool and Everton. The east side of the intended boundary streets is to be deemed the boundary line. No other erection than dwelling-houses to be built to the front, on either side of the intended boundary streets, and such 476 APPENDIX. dwellings are not to be less than six yards wide (in front) ; nor shall any steam engine be erected within 200 yards of the intended boundary street (except on the west side of the Preston road) ; nor on the land that will lie between said street and Netherfield-road. The said act gives power to form a street, or road, to com- mence at the north end of the intended boundary street, at Mrs. Potter's land, and to continue along, northwardly, until a junc- tion be formed with the great north road, near Kirkdale village; the said intended street, or road, to be opened and made on the proprietors of the lands through which it is to pass having " three calendar months' notice, in writing," from the surveyor for the time being of the township of Everton ; — said street or road to be of same width as is the north end of the intended boundary street, and to be bept in repair by the township of Kirkdale. The present to be the boundaries of the respective townships, until the signing and publication of a certificate, by two magis- trates, of the completion of the intended boundary streets, and on and after such certificate being signed and published by two magistrates, the boundary lines to be as the acts directs, and as the boundary streets will denote. EXPLANATORY REFERENCES OF THE CHARACTERS, &c. ON THE MAP. Roads of 1790. Roads constructed since 1790. • Mere stones. O Pits. Parcels of land added to, or taken from, the road. -- Division of leasehold patches from ancient freeholds. i..::;-. '-----:.:T..:;---' ' Foot-path . IB Buildings. APPENDIX. 477 •• x " X •• X •• X • • x Divisions of locality to two or more persons. 4- Churches. X Ancient crosses. O Public pumps. The large capitals, F. L. C., denote the tenures of each loca- lity, as freehold, leasehold, copyhold. The smaller capitals denote the particular streets, the names of which are known by each having its respective capital affixed to a street or road in the List of streets, at the close of the Appendix. The smaller capitals, with an italic letter added, are a con- tinuation of references, similar to the last noticed. ABSTRACTS FROM PUBLIC DOCUMENTS, AND RECOLLECTIONS, TOUCHING LAND GIVEN TO AND SOLD TO THE TOWN- SHIP, AND OF LAND ASSIGNED BY THE TOWNSHIP TO INDIVIDUALS. [Many entries, touching said transfers, will be found in the ex- tracts given in this Appendix. ~\ 1765 The land round the beacon was sold to Henry Hard war for £4 4s., reserving a right of road to said beacon. (Leasehold.) 1766 George Campbell bought some land from township, near to St. Domingo mere, for £4 13s. (Leasehold.) — Some ground was sold to a Mr. Sherratt for £2 2s. 1770 The township bought the Barn on the Hill, and the land thereunto attached, from John Seacome, for £20. — (Leasehold.) 1777 The land called the Netherfield-lane was sold by the township to Joshua Rose for £140. (Leasehold.) 1781 Mr. John Fisher paid 21s., for some alteration of a wall north end of Everton-lane. Mem. A little previous to this date, the road near Mr. Gregson's was diverted from a straight line. 478 APPENDIX. 1787 Forty-eight square yards of land, opposite (what is now) the top of Roscommon-street, was sold by Mr. Joshua Rose to the township, together with the pump and well on the premises, for £21. (Leasehold.) 1787 — 8 On an agreement that Is. per yard should be paid for the overplus on either side, Mr. Harper gave and took land, opposite the coffee-house, and opposite Joseph Ellinthorp's buildings ; — the pinfold was removed, and the roads hereabout improved. (Copyhold.) 1789 The township sold to John Sparling, Esq. about one- sixth part of an acre of land, Cheshire measure, on the north side of Headless Cross. (Leasehold.) 1790 Mr. Carruthers speaks of having given to the townshir 600 yards of land, but where, does not appear. 1800 Power was given to purchase an old building, and a slice of land, opposite the house of the late Mrs. Pyke, being the east part of the late Bryan Mercer's garden ; which purchase was effected, and the road widened. (Copy- hold.) 1801 William Farrar paid £9 12s. 6d. to the township of Everton, for 77 square yards of land, at 2s. 6d., fronting his field lying on the lower lane from Everton to Kirk- dale. (Waste.) — Richard Bailiff, of Kirkdale, paid to the township of Everton £18 6s., for 180 yards and 30 parts, at 2s. per yard, fronting his field in the lower lane leading from Everton to Kirkdale. (Waste.) 1806, 7 A little land was given to the township by Mr. New- ton, at the round-turn on the north part of locality 27 a, opposite the present gates of the late Mr. Me Gregor*s villa — the township built the fence-wall without cost to Mr. Newton. (Leasehold.) 1 809 A few yards of land was bought, at 5s. per yard, by Mr. Me George, being at the front of his house, in the village. (Copyhold.) s APPENDIX. 479 1809 £21 17s. 6d. was paid to Messrs. Pyke and Woodhouse for land they sold the township, near Mr. Halliday's stable. (Copyhold.) 1810 Mr. Edward Rogerson paid £10 10s. for land sold to him. 1814 Agreed that a pinfold should be formed on waste land, at the north-east corner of the mere. — Mem. A cottage was also afterwards built there. (Leasehold.) 1817 Mr. Perry paid £28 5s., for 113 square yards of land, nearly opposite to the east end of Priory-lane, in Church-street; the road was made straight, and im- proved, by this measure. (Waste.) 1819 Mrs. Potter paid £25 4s. 6d. for land sold to her from the township in Netherfield-road north. (Waste.) 1825 or thereabout. A little land was given and taken at the round corner of Mr. Carson's lot, at the north-east corner of Roscommon-street. (Leasehold.) ^826 Six hundred and seventy-two square yards of land was bought by the township from J. and R. Fisher, at 8s: per square yard ; this land lies at the north-west quarter of Everton-lane, where the road is widened accordingly. (Copyhold.) 1 829 Mr. Shaw has given a strip of land to the road, on the south side of Everton-brow, running westward, from the north-west corner of Shaw-street. (Freehold.) — Within the last few years, James Plumpton, Esq., in drawing a straight line along the west side of Everton- lane, gave (at some places little, and at other places more,) in all, about 300 yards of land to the township. (Copyhold.) — Mr. Sandiford gave a small portion of land in front of his house to the township. (Copyhold.) — Mr. Me George and others gave a piece of land in front of Rupert-place to the township. (Copyhold.) — The late Mr. Ellinthorp gave a small point of land, just before his south entrance door, to the township. (Lease- hold.) DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING THE PLA The Beacon to face page 56. The New Cemetery to face page 210. The West View of the Church to face page 282 The Map at the end of the Volume. ERRATA. At page 96, the last line, for " salt," read " ore, &c. for sale." „ 153, line 26, for "the soil," read "the history of the so: „ 167, ,, 1 1, for "wine merchant," read " woollen dra] „ 199, „ 25, ^ „ 252, „ 18 A for "Joseph," read "Joshua. „ 253, ,, 5, ) D. Marples, Printer, Liverpool. \1 PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY DA 690 E87S9 Syers, Robert The history of Everton